Cyber insurance – What coverage in case of an alleged act of War? Questions raised by the Mondelez v. Zurich case

In October 2018, snack company Mondelez International, Inc. (Mondelez) filed an action against Zurich American Insurance Company (Zurich), requesting indemnification for more than USD $100,000,000 in losses caused by the NotPetya cyber virus. Zurich refuses to cover these damages alleging one of the insurance policy's exclusions for damage resulting from a hostile or warlike action by a government, as the NotPetya attack is said to have been sponsored by Russia. This case is noteworthy for multiple reasons: not only is it the first significant legal dispute in the insurance field concerning the recovery of costs resulting from a cyber attack, but it is also the first time that an insurance company is invoking the war exclusion to decline coverage for an allegedly state-sponsored cyber hack.This article analyzes the key issues of this important case, including attribution of a cyber attack to a State and interpretation of an insurance policy's war exclusion in a cyber context, and the likelihood of success of Mondelez's arguments. It also explores the strengths and limits of general principles of contract and public international law when applied to new technologies and cyber incidents. Finally, it discusses the potential impacts of the Mondelez case on the contents and limits of future traditional and cyber-specific insurance policies.     

Kringen v. Boslough and Saint Vincent Hospital: a new trend for healthcare professionals who treat victims of domestic violence?

The plague of domestic violence is not being properly met by our medical and legal systems. The author, using the recent litigation in Kringen v. Boslough and Saint Vincent Hospital as a template, closely examines the various medical and legal issues that touch upon this area. The Article advocates for physicians to routinely be on the alert for signs of domestic violence, and to take actions to advance the safety of women who are seeking treatment for such injuries. The Article maintains that the increased use of screening protocols and procedures in this area is creating a new standard of care, and that enforcement of that standard of care by the judiciary will further advance the interests of battered women.