Results of forensic medicine victim/perpetrator studies following sex offenses

39.1% of all clinical examinations performed at the institute for legal medicine in Hannover during a period of 9 years were carried out after sexual assault (229 out of 585 cases between 1979-1987). In 74.4% of all women extragenital injuries and in 26.2% of the cases genital lesions could be observed. Vaginal swabs showed sperm at a rate of 44%; spermatozoa could be observed at a maximum delay between assault and examination of 36 hours. Three male victims of sexual assaults and 37 male defendants were examined. On male victim presented superficial lesions of the anus. In 27 penis swabs there could be found spermatozoa (4x), vaginal epithelia (2x) and red blood cells (1x; after intercourse during menstruation).     

司法精神医学刑事责任能力鉴定中的几个问题

在刑事责任能力鉴定中,经常会遇到一些非临床问题,而这些问题又是司法精神医学学术讨论中很少提及的.现提出作者的意见,抛砖引玉.     

司法精神医学刑事责任能力鉴定中的几个问题

在刑事责任能力鉴定中 ,经常会遇到一些非临床问题 ,而这些问题又是司法精神医学学术讨论中很少提及的。现提出作者的意见 ,抛砖引玉。一、鉴定工作者的角色按照法律规定 ,只有临床经验丰富的精神科医生 ,才具有鉴定人资格。在实际工作中 ,鉴定人员基本上都是临床精神科医师。职业特点为精神科医师确立了职业角色的行为模式 :尽力维护精神病患者的利益。在司法精神医学鉴定中 ,不宜采用临床医师的行为模式。鉴定人员不是为患者服务 ,而是为法律服务 ,鉴定人员需要维护的不是法律诉讼中一方的利益 ,而是法律的公正。在司法精神医学研究中 ,有…     

PTSD及其法医学相关问题

随着国外对PTSD(posttraumatic stress disorder)的深入研究以及中国心理卫生事业与法医学事业的发展,相关领域的学者开始从事这一方面的研究并取得了不少成就。本文结合国内外的一些理论研究与实践成果,对PTSD的概念、诊断与鉴别以及相关法医学问题作一综述和探讨。     

Gender disparity in criminal offenses among persons of high IQ

Criminologists have largely neglected deviance among those with high IQs. This work uses Towers's (1988) concept of conventional genius to analyze how deviant behavior varies by gender among genius offenders. Like Bisi (2002), the authors expect female patterns of deviance to be lower than that for males even within this genius sample. Their work finds that male geniuses are significantly more likely to self-report ever having committed violent felonies. Among the authors' conventional genius sample of university students, gender differences in nonviolent felonies, misdemeanor offenses, and unethical behaviors are not significantly different between the female and male respondents.     

Death in the neonatal period and infancy. History of medicine and forensic criminal aspects

From antiquity up to the present time the history of medicine contains innumerable examples of the different attitude of human beings in dealing with the death of children. This is paradigmatically described for the death of neonates and infants, with special consideration of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and selected forensic-criminalistic aspects. Against the historical background of forensic postmortem examination and forensic paidopathology the development of the autopsy is also outlined.     

活体损伤医院诊断与法医鉴定结论差异原因分析及对策

在活体损伤程度鉴定中,医疗单位的临床诊断与法医鉴定结论的误差呈上升趋势.为寻求其中原因,探索相应对策,作者就所掌握的资料进行如下分析:     

如何正确看待法医骨龄和刑事责任年龄

骨龄又叫骨骼测定年龄,刑法所规定的“刑事责任年龄”为某一个体的“生活年龄”,二者所代表的含义不同,且存在着较大的差异。司法机关直接利用骨龄作为对犯罪嫌疑人定罪量刑的证据判案时常引发不小争议。故此,实现“骨龄”推断到“生活年龄”推断是法医任重而道远的任务。本文分析了二者的差异及原因,并呼吁尽快出台综合评定其个体“生活年龄”的全新标准或规范。     

活体损伤医院诊断与法医鉴定结论差异原因分析及对策

在活体损伤程度鉴定中 ,医疗单位的临床诊断与法医鉴定结论的误差呈上升趋势。为寻求其中原因 ,探索相应对策 ,作者就所掌握的资料进行如下分析 :一、一般资料分析某鉴定机构 1995年 5月～ 2 0 0 1年 2月鉴定案件中活体损伤伤员的诊断证明 10 6 3份 ,所有病例都是伤后即到各级医院就诊 ,有最初的诊断证明。法医在鉴定时 ,经过认真审查病历 ,调查伤员病史 ,调阅Ｘ线片、ＣＴ片、磁共振成像片 ,复查伤痕 ,详细询问伤员的受伤过程等手段 ,查出有15 8例颅脑损伤的诊断证明与法医鉴定结论不符 ,其误差率为 14 .9% ,且医院对部分伤员的临床诊断的…     

Narratives of criminal action and forensic psychology

Purpose. In commenting on Youngs and Canter's (2011) study, Ward (2011) raises concerns about offenders’ personal narratives and their link to self‐concepts and identity. His comments relate to explorations of personal life stories rather than the narratives of actual crimes that are the focus of Youngs and Canter's (2011) study. The elaboration of this different focus helps to allay many of Ward's (2011) concerns and reveals further possibilities for developing the narrative approach within forensic psychology. Methods. The focus on offenders’ accounts of a particular crime allows the development of a standard pro forma, the Narrative Role Questionnaire (NRQ), which deals with the roles a person thinks they played when committing a crime. These roles act as a summary of the criminal's offence narrative. Multivariate analysis of the NRQ clarifies the specific narrative themes explored by Youngs and Canter (2011) . Results. The examination of the components of the NRQ indicates that offence narratives encapsulate many psychological processes including thinking styles, self‐concepts, and affective components. This allows the four narrative themes identified by Youngs and Canter to provide the basis for rich hypotheses about the interaction between the dynamics of personal stories and identity. The four narratives of criminal action also offer a foundation for understanding the particular, detailed styles of offending action and the immediate, direct processes that act to instigate and shape these. Conclusion. These developments in our understanding of offence narratives generate fruitful research questions that bridge the concerns of investigative and correctional applications of narrative theory.     

法医临床学与新冠疾病有关的鉴定问题及思考

2020年1月爆发新型冠状病毒,由疫情引发的各种问题引起社会各界高度重视,疫情过后,相关法律争议会有出现。本文针对疫情可能带来的法医临床鉴定相关问题予以思考,给出了法医临床学鉴定流程管理以及鉴定机构法律风险防控的基本思路。关于人身损害赔偿及工伤补偿中的伤残评定问题,作者具体梳理了7个可能相关的鉴定标准,并指出,肺功能障碍的条款是我们需要重点关注的内容。面对因疫情爆发而引发的医疗损害鉴定问题,作者认为,针对特殊时期的医患纠纷,鉴定人在评价医方的专家注意义务时,应充分考量各种影响因素,提倡对医疗行为相对宽松的处理原则,宜适用合理医师标准(即Bolam标准),来体现对医疗行业的尊重。本文针对新冠疾病疫情可能带来的法医学鉴定问题给予了建议和解决路径,旨在为疫情过后鉴定工作提供新思路。     

Some samples of weapons and instruments used as weapon in criminal offenses in Turkey

The variety of instruments used for crime of violence is wide. Besides the manufactured legal weapons, there are comparable numbers of purchased instruments, which are used as lethal weapons and significant numbers of comprising home-made ones.The instruments used during the commission of a crime shows similarity throughout the countries. Nevertheless, there are small differences to be seen.The topic of this subject features the types of weapons used in criminal offenses in Turkey.     

Geographic forensic medicine and forensic sciences

The necessity of learning more about the criminality and the culture of persons from overseas is upon us. As forensic scientists, we have to take a lead in presenting information to our colleagues that would facilitate their investigations. In this paper, we look at many of the different cultures that have been presented to American authorities, and the activities of the Milton Helpern International Center for the Forensic Sciences are discussed.