社会信用体系建设的法治之道

当前的社会信用体系建设意在全方位覆盖"政府-市场-社会-司法"领域,其名义上是为提高诚信,实际兼具加强法律实施之意。在政府主导的公私联合动力之下,形成多领域、多层级主体制作大量信用规范的格局,且以"一处失信,处处受限"为政策导向。作为一种制度信用的社会信用体系建设,有其产生功效的积极意义,但也存在有效性边界。更重要的是,以失信惩戒为核心机制之一的社会信用体系建设,违反依法行政原则、尊重保障人权原则、不当联结禁止原则、比例原则、公平原则等法治国原则的现象较多存在,从而造成该工程的合法性危机。为此,有必要对社会信用体系建设重新进行政策定位,合理规范失信惩戒的设定权,要求社会信用规范的制定符合法的一般原则,并确保社会信用规范制定或实施的审查与救济的可得性。由于同社会信用体系建设并行的、正在建设中的法治国本身并不成熟、完善,故声势浩大、错综复杂的社会信用体系建设的规范化将是一个艰难的历程。     

法律的"概念"澄明——评H.L.A.哈特《法律的概念》

日常语言分析哲学家并新分析实证主义法学的创始人哈特,在《法律的概念》一书中,从语词用法的日常语言分析入手,通过法律"游戏"中第一性规则与第二性规则之结合作为关键的"法律"概念纵向语境把握,以及"主权者"、"命令"、"正义"、"道德"诸概念讨论之"法律"概念横向比较,成功地将法律"概念"的理解由对于某种具有确定客观属性的法律实体的认识转向了日常语言层面的澄明,开创了一个全新的日常语言分析法学流派.     

刑法中社会危害性概念的机能分析

尽管国内刑法学界对社会危害性概念否定意见颇多，但社会危害性概念具有独特的立法机能和司法机能。立法机能表现为作为犯罪化与非犯罪化、刑罚配置和犯罪分类的重要依据；司法机能表现在规范评价、司法出罪和量刑基准等方面。在现有的犯罪构成理论体系下，进一步明确社会危害性概念的内容和完善社会危害性的判断标准，较之于将其从注释刑法学中消解，或许更为妥当。     

社会保障法概念探析

本文通过对社会保障的概念与法的概念、社会保障的本质与法的本质、以及现有社会保障法的概念的全面分析 ,对社会保障法进行了重新定义。本文认为 ,社会保障法 (广义社会保障法 )是关于基于社会理性、为保证每一个人的生活安全、维持基本生活并保证生活质量从而保证其生存权和发展权而采取的社会互助行为的法律规范的总称 ,包括社会救济法、社会保险法和社会福利法三个次级法律规范群 ;狭义社会保障法是关于基于社会理性、为保证每一个人的生活安全、维持基本生活从而保证其生存权和发展权而采取的社会互助行为的法律规范的总称 ,包括社会救济法和社会保险法两个次级法律规范群。     

Reforming Relocation Law: A Reply to Prof. Thompson

This article provides a response to Prof. Thomson's critique, noting many points of agreement and also the broader consensus that is emerging among experts in the field. The research evidence, and the wider body of knowledge on children's well‐being generally, supports the proposition that relocation is a risk factor for children after parental separation but provides no support for a general presumption either in favor of, nor against, relocation. Nor should it be assumed that the interests of children are the same as those of their primary caregiver. We defend our three questions arguing the need in an adult‐centric debate to focus resolutely on children's interests rather than on adult rights. Both Prof. Thompson's approach and our own involve guided decision making with the child's best interests as the paramount consideration—his through weak presumptions based upon research about how judges respond to relocation issues and ours through focused questions based on research on how parents and children respond to relocations issues. We do not consider that codifying the existing practices of the courts represents real reform. We identify various risks involved in using presumptions, but note that, in jurisdictions with limited publicly funded resources for individual case assessment, presumptions, burdens or guidelines may be needed to offer rough justice to impecunious parents.

Key Points for the Family Court Community
• Notes points of emerging agreement on relocation within the research community
• Explores the differences between the use of presumptions and focused questions and highlights the role of empirical research of the lived experience of children and families postrelocation disputes
• Identifies how the level of public resourcing for the family law system may impact upon decisions about the substance of the law concerning relocation

     

Natural Law and the Bhagavad-Gita: The Vedic Concept of Natural Law

Abstract. Western natural law theory emphasises the derivation of principles of right action said to be universal and objective from the application of practical reasonableness to the pursuit of basic human goods that are self‐evident or based on human nature. Critics say its methodology is inherently subjective. In contrast, the Vedic approach to natural law of the Bhagavad‐Gita emphasises the full development of a universal aspect of human nature—consciousness—to promote right action. A healthy person with a developed intellect, clear mind, balanced emotions and full perception is best placed to fulfil his or her society's highest ideals of ethical and lawful conduct. The Vedic approach advocates a supportive social environment and the use of meditation techniques to promote such development. Research has found that the Transcendental Meditation (TM) program promotes improvement in mind, body and behaviour. For example, offenders in Australia, the United States and Senegal practising the technique experienced decreased substance abuse and recidivism and improved wellbeing. From a scientific perspective, TM promotes these improvements by producing a unique psychophysiological state of restful alertness that dissolves stress that blocks the unfoldment of full potential in life.     

A Socio-Axiological Concept of Law

The author starts with the assumption that present-day Western society is complex, pluralistic and conflictual in nature. Because of these qualities of society, law appears as an ineluctable means for the regulation of societal relationships. Law does not express an amorphous common good, nor is it simply an instrument of power. Law turns the socio-ethical and political conception that discursively prevails in the competition among the diverging conceptions of dynamic social groups into generally binding standards of conduct. In the socio-axiological concept of law presented here, law exhibits the conflicting character of the open, pluralistic society and brings about understanding for democracy and discursive-deliberative politics. These are favourable presuppositions for the acceptability of law.     

科学发展观与生态法制建设

科学发展观是以人为本、全面、协调、可持续发展的有机统一。以人为本是生态环境保护立法的价值追求所在,全面发展是生态环境保护的目的所在,协调发展是生态环境保护的内在要求,可持续发展是生态环境保护的关键。     

从社会事实到法律规范——作为社会实践的法律

为什么要遵守法律?一种法哲学传统认为是由于法律所内蕴的自然、神谕、理性及道德等内容,而法律实证主义则认为法律本身就是行动的理由,并试图将法律的规范性溯源至主权者创制法律的行为这一社会事实.因此,它的一个理论任务就是论证如何从社会事实推出法律规范.边沁、奥斯丁与哈特都分别进行了努力,但都各有缺陷.而如果以承认规则作为理论工具.以社会成规论与共担合作性行动理论作为运思资源,就可以很好地论证出社会实践如何产生法律规则,从而为这个法哲学的元命题提供一个具有解释力的说明.     

Law's Social Forms: A Powerless Approach to the Sociology of Law

Since the law and society movement in the 1960s, the sociology of law in the United States has been dominated by a power/inequality approach. Based on a sociological distinction between the forms and substances of law, this article outlines a “powerless” approach to the sociology of law as a theoretical alternative to the mainstream power/inequality approach. Following Simmel and the Chicago School of sociology, this new approach analyzes the legal system not by its power relations and patterns of inequality, but by its social forms, or the structures and processes that constitute the legal system's spatial outlook and temporality. Taking a radical stance on power, this article is not only a retrospective call for social theory in law and society research, but also a progressive effort to move beyond US‐centric sociolegal scholarship and to develop new social science tools that explain a larger variety of legal phenomena across the world.     

现代性观念与现代法治——一个诊断分析

本文分析了现代性观念、现代法治以及两者在当下中国语境中的相互关系。本文认为 ,现代性观念是存在问题的 ,它遮蔽了社会历史变化的相当重要的复杂性、多样性 ,容易使人们对社会的建设方案出现片面的、直线的、纯粹的理解 ,容易使人们对社会建设方案的“他者”要素视而不见。尽管“现代法治”作为观念在当下中国是极具积极意义的 ,而且 ,对法治现代化的总体建设方案大加批评也是徒劳无益的 ,但是 ,在“现代性观念”操纵下的“现代法治”观念 ,依然需要我们对之作出某些“诊断式”的分析说明。“现代性观念”和“现代法治”之间存在着一定的“合谋”关系 ,对此应该保持必要的警惕。对“现代性观念”和“现代法治”进行诊断式的分析 ,并不是反对现代化和现代法治在中国当下语境中的推进 ,在某种意义上 ,这种分析是为了更好地促进现代化和现代法治在中国有益健康的展开。     

社会法的存在与社会法理论探索

我国社会法立法实践已经走到了理论的前头 ,社会法理论的研究相对滞后。社会法的生成有其相应的人文和社会背景 ,有其生成的法制环境。在全面建设小康社会的今天 ,关注民生 ,保护弱势群体的利益逐渐成为法制建设的一项重要内容。社会法 ,也称社会安全法 ,是维护社会安全、良性运行的法律。保障个体的生存空间 ,才能维系社会整体的良性存在 ,社会才能安全 ;民生得以改善 ,政治才能健康。可以预见 ,社会法会越来越受到各方 ,尤其是法学界的关注。社会法理念也会逐渐得到宏扬。     

国际法上的时际法概念

引言最近几十年来 ,“时际法 (ｉｎｔｅｒｔｅｍｐｏｒａｌｌａｗ)”这一概念越来越引起了国际法学者的注意。它首先是在 192 8年的帕尔马斯岛案件仲裁裁决中被引入国际法领域的 ,①此后就不断有国际法学者发表论文探讨时际法的问题。 1970年 ,有两本关于这一问题的专著出版 :法国国际法学者保罗·塔韦尼埃的《国际公法中行为与规则在时间上的适用的研究 (时际法或过渡法的问题 )》②以及德国国际法学者沃尔夫—迪特里希·克劳哲—阿布拉思的《时际国际法———国际法规范的时间上的适用范围》。③再有 ,世界著名的学术性团体———国际法研…     

社会效益债券法制化的理念及法技术构造

利益法学派认为法律规范构成了立法者为解决种种利益冲突而制定的原则和原理。因而社会效益债券法制化无疑与利益有着十分密切的关系,由此在利益理论视域下分析社会效益债券法制化的理论困境具有重要意义。我国社会效益债券法制化中存在着利益关系认识不清晰、利益冲突化解机制不健全等问题。有鉴于此,提出社会效益债券法制化的“义利共生”理念有其法理基础、技术逻辑和人性基础。同时,基于金融共生理论的分析框架可以发现,“义利共生”理念下社会效益债券法制化的理念、原则和制度之间的法技术构造逻辑清晰且可行。“义利共生”理念需具象化为利益衡平原则才能更好地指导社会效益债券法制化。厘清社会效益债券法制化中可能存在冲突的多元利益,而后通过法律制度促进多元利益得以实现衡平,是落实“义利共生”理念的应有之义。     

社会权的概念

当前国际和国内法律以及学界关于社会权的称谓、概念有九种之多.这种混乱现象造成社会权学术交流困难和社会权实现受阻,也是社会权一直不能获得与自由权同等法律地位的重要原因.社会权应为公民依法享有的要求国家对其物质和文化生活积极促成及提供相应服务的权利.这一概念具有明确的内涵和外延,与自由权既有紧密联系又有严格区别.     

再论法律行为的概念体系

在研究法律行为的意志性的同时,不可避免对于法律行为概念进行必要的分析,因为特性总是从概念中引申而来。     

The Concept of Minority in International Law: A Critical Study of the Vital Element

Netherlands International Law Review -     

论我国社会行政法的构建

为适应规范政府维护社会公平正义行政职能,应当构建我国的社会行政法.社会行政法的核心概念是行政给付行为和公民受益权.对公民集体受益权的保护和对公共事务行政决策过程的规范,是社会行政法的核心.     

刑法应用观念

刑法应用观念贯穿刑法理论研究和刑事司法活动始终,是对法的价值理念、法律基本原则与刑法适用方法交汇融通的整合。它的理论实践目标在于,在时代变迁、社会发展与原本看似完善的结论之外所开辟的新的研究领域中不断吐故纳新,保持理论系统的开放性和现实适应性。它的司法实践目标在于,在法律框架内,对刑法应用方法科学性的探索,以提升高效处理案件信息及合理调配法律资源的能力,提高刑法适用效率。