Case Comment: The Legality of ‘Kettling’ after Austin

This case comment considers the European Court of Human Rights decision of Austin v United Kingdom (2012) 55 EHRR 14. Austin claimed, unsuccessfully, that police kettling at a public protest in London amounted to a violation of her right to liberty under Article 5 of the European Convention of Human Rights. This case comment suggests that the court took an unexpected and unorthodox approach to the issue of ‘deprivation’ within Article 5. This decision may come to undermine the protections afforded by Article 5 and extend the current exceptions to Article 5 to an indefinite range of situations.     

论“婉”:词学核心概念的字源学谱系分析样例

婉约为词学的核心概念,婉的含义,可从夗-宛-婉的谱系中寻绎。夗训卧,在甲骨文及金文中,系由两个或一个弯曲的人体所构成的象形字。夗含有屈、曲、圆、转等义;宛从宀从夗,由宀(馆室)这一部件,增加并引申有深、幽、凄、清等义;婉从女从宛,增加了顺、丽、娈、媚等义。宛、婉、惋、怨等夗族字,可与意义相近或相关的字组成诸多双音节词,并进一步组成四音节词组,用以形容描写对象,或用以评论词人词作,并在漫长的演变过程中,选择出婉约一词,作为词学的核心概念。夗族字所组成的词语及词组,其分布及使用情况,提示宛、婉等字的构形,与该字实际使用时在特定语境中的意义高度相关。