论法官与法律的关系--并及法律的未来

应该说,法官与法律的关系是以司法为视角进行法学研究时所应当关注的核心问题之一。本文在对已有相关理论进行评析的基础上得出了以下两个基本结论:其一,理想的法官与法律的关系应当是:法官乃法律的有限诠释者;其二,为了更好地保证法官与法律之间的这种理性互动关系,应当创制原则性法律。     

Planning the future in the context of the past

Margo Anderson is professor of history and urban affairs and director of the Center for Women’s Studies at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. She is author of numerous articles on the history of statistics and census-taking; The United States Census and Labor Force Change;and, forthcoming from Yale University Press. The American Census: A Social History.     

也谈中苏同盟破裂的原因

中苏同盟的破裂,既源于中苏意识形态内在的深刻的分岐,也与俄罗斯大国沙文主义的传统以及中俄两国文化差异性有莫大的关系,同时也与冷战有着直接的关联。     

论高等教育大众化背景下学风的蜕变

中国高等教育的大众化是由政府主导并采用行政手段自上而下推动的结果，具有明显的经济实利性。这种特征与高速发展的进程带来许多负面效应，尤以学风的蜕变为突出，表现出功利性的学术目的与实利性的操作手段和自下而上的蔓廷方式的特点。它直接制约了高等教育大众化的发展进程与走向，使我们不得不进行认真的反思。     

领导干部作风建设与党风建设关系辨析

党的作风建设和领导干部作风建设不是一个概念。作为思想理论,党的作风建设和领导干部作风建设在逻辑上是继承和发展的关系。以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央在继承党的作风建设理论的基础上,在新的历史条件下又提出全面加强新形势下的领导干部作风建设的概念。领导干部作风建设概念并不否定党的作风建设理论,相反,领导干部作风建设概念是党的作风建设理论的重要组成部分。把党的作风建设作为一个系统工程,领导干部作风建设就是这个系统工程的主体部分。领导干部作风建设影响并引领着党组织作风建设、一般干部作风建设和普通党员作风建设,决定着党的作风建设的质量和效果。突出领导干部作风建设,解决了抓党的作风建设"主要针对什么人"、"主要抓什么"、"如何抓"的问题。     

关于领导干部综合能力培育的对策思考

领导干部只有提高政治理论水平,提高学习能力、驾驭市场经济能力、依法执政能力和总揽全局的能力,才能培育其综合能力,才能肩负起领导责任,才能当好最广大人民群众根本利益的忠实代表。     

Planting the espionage tree: the French military and the professionalization of intelligence at the end of the nineteenth century

Abstract

Intelligence in France evolved as it professionalized at the end of the nineteenth century, led by determined individuals within the French army. However, in the centuries prior to the professionalization of espionage and counterespionage, military men rejected intelligence, viewing the practice with skepticism and disdain. This article asserts that there was a change in views towards espionage, particularly among the military, beginning in the middle of the nineteenth century. As the army went from eschewing intelligence to embracing it and taking the lead in its practice, the nature of intelligence work in France consequently reflected the goals and aims of the army, prioritizing military intelligence over others.     

Right,the state and the conception of the person

The contemporary world‐historical epoch involves both the universal extension of the state type of organization of society, and the development of a universal idea of the person in the discourse of human rights. The status of the person requires positive constitution, and such constitution requires an idea of the state that informs the actual working of states. The idea of the state cannot be developed unless the natural right conception of the basis of personhood is abandoned. Nor can the idea of the state be developed if it continues to be confused with the idea of the nation. Hegel offers us an idea of the state that we can continue to build. For Hegel the state denotes both the institutional reality of the state and the subjectivity that is required if the idea of the state is to be actualized. There is a dialectical relationship between the adequacy of the state‐centered institutional order for the effective support and facilitation of personhood and our subjective capacity to be and act as persons. Thus, processes by which the idea of the state is undermined are not independent of subjective experience and our willingness to be and act as persons.     

Understanding the rise of the regulatory state of the South*

This paper, and the special issue it introduces, explores whether, and how, the rise of the regulatory state of the South, and its implications for processes of governance, are distinct from cases in the North. With the exception of a small but growing body of work on Latin America, most work on the regulatory state deals with the US or Europe, or takes a relatively undifferentiated “legal transplant” approach to the developing world. We use the term “the South” to invoke shared histories of many countries, rather than as a geographic delimiter, even while acknowledging continued and growing diversity among these countries, particularly in their engagement with globalization. We suggest that three aspects of this common context are important in characterizing the rise of the regulatory state of the South. The first contextual element is the presence of powerful external pressures, especially from international financial institutions, to adopt the institutional innovation of regulatory agencies in infrastructure sectors. The result is often an incomplete engagement with and insufficient embedding of regulatory agencies within local political and institutional context. A second is the greater intensity of redistributive politics in settings where infrastructure services are of extremely poor quality and often non‐existent. The resultant politics of distribution draws in other actors, such as the courts and civil society; regulation is too important to be left to the regulators. The third theme is that of limited state capacity, which we suggest has both “thin” and “thick” dimensions. Thin state capacity issues include prosaic concerns of budget, personnel and training; thick issues address the growing pressures on the state to manage multiple forms of engagement with diverse stakeholders in order to balance competing concerns of growth, efficiency and redistribution. These three themes provide a framework for this special issue, and for the case studies that follow. We focus on regulatory agencies in infrastructure sectors (water, electricity and telecoms) as a particular expression of the regulatory state, though we acknowledge that the two are by no means synonymous. The case studies are drawn from India, Colombia, Brazil, and the Philippines, and engage with one or more of these contextual elements. The intent is to draw out common themes that characterize a “regulatory state of the South,” while remaining sensitive to the variations in level of economic development and political institutional contexts within “the South.”     

试论激励理论在军队管理中的应用

本文对管理心理学的激励理论进行了简述,对军队管理中实施激励的意义进行了阐释,在分析军队管理中实施激励的特点的同时,对军队管理中复合应用激励理论的问题进行了探讨。     

以地方政府改革创新论行政管理体制改革——2009年地方政府改革典型调研分析

在对12个省市进行调研的基础上,分析·地方政府行政改革创新举措的现状,总结了其中的成绩,分析了出现的普遍性问题.问题主要为改革理论研究不足,改革系统化程度有限、透明度不高、创新空间不足、法制化程度低、没有触及政府职能的核心领域.针对这些问题,指出在宏大的行政管理体制改革进程中,需要进行全面的理论研究,进行系统的规划,中央政府在实践中应通过政策制定强化分类指导,激励地方政府寻求突破.     

图书馆建立虚拟实验室的思考

建设虚拟实验室是高等院校一种全新的教学尝试,对于提高老师和学生的学习科研水平具有重要意义。从虚拟实验室的内涵、建设虚拟实验室的意义、建设规划和技术要求等四个方面加以论述,比较系统地阐述了如何在网络信息资源十分丰富的图书馆建设虚拟实验室的构想。     

Designing the Voting System for the Council of the European Union

This paper examines thesystem of Qualified Majority Voting, usedby the Council of the European Union, fromthe perspective of enlargement of theUnion. It uses an approach based on powerindices due to Penrose (1946), Banzhaf (1965) and Coleman(1971) to make two analyses: (1) the question ofthe voting power of member countries fromthe point of view of fairness, and (2) thequestion of how the threshold number ofvotes required for QMV should bedetermined. It studies two scenarios forchange from 2005 onwards envisaged by theNice Treaty: (1) no enlargement, the EUcomprising 15 member countries, and (2)full enlargement to 27 members by theaccession of all the present twelvecandidates. The proposal is made that fairweights be determined algorithmically as atechnical or routine matter as themembership changes. The analysis of how thethreshold affects power shows thetrade-offs that countries face betweentheir blocking power and the power of theCouncil to act. The main findings are: (1)that the weights laid down in the NiceTreaty are close to being fair, the onlysignificant discrepancies being theunder-representation of Germany andRomania, and the over-representation ofSpain and Poland; (2) the thresholdrequired for a decision is set too high forthe Council to be an effective decisionmaking body.     

论高速公路全过程财务跟踪审计

首先论述了高速公路建设实施全过程财务跟踪审计的必要性包括用以加强项目资金管理、控制造价、规范管理等;实施跟踪审计的原则;并着重阐述了财务跟踪审计的主要内容,包括审查会计信息是否失真,审查资产、负债的真实性、合法性及增减变化情况审查;有无隐瞒、收入体外循环问题,审查业主单位提供对外担保是否符合规定等。     

论《西游记》的隐含读者

浪漫主义杰作《西游记》是吴承恩创作的经典神魔小说,但一批儿童文学作家和理论家基于《西游记》为历代儿童所喜爱的事实,力主《西游记》为童话作品(或准童话作品),或认为《西游记》具有童话特质和童话价值。本文根据接受美学的观点,从作家的创作动机和童年经验着手,结合《西游记》的具体内涵,从童话学视角探讨和论证《西游记》的隐含读者中必然包含着儿童。     

论网络舆情对政府制定公共政策的影响

当前我国处于网络信息新时代,网络舆情是政府了解民意的重要渠道和方法,对于民意的征求也应适当地采取网络投票、提问等方式。网络传播方式已成为我国公众表达利益诉求、维护自身权益的重要公共平台。因此,网络舆情对政府制定决策有着重要的影响,同时伴随着很大的压力,并且网络舆情的积极作用与消极作用并存,所以网络舆情状态下政府如何制定好公共政策成为考验政府能力的一个挑战。     

浅议新形势下党管人才的方法与内容

随着我国人才战略的实施,如何适应新时期国家经济与社会发展对各个层次人才的需要,这是摆在我们面前的重要任务,而党管人才无疑是做好人才工作的根本保证。从党管人才的重要意义、唯物辩证的科学人才观以及人才开发培育新契机三个方面研究入手,赋予党管人才以新的内涵。     

Shifting the Balance? Parliament, the Executive and the British Constitution

This article examines the paradoxes of parliamentary reform. Focusing mainly on the House of Commons, the first section highlights the contradictory roles of parliament and utilizes a distinction between the 'Whig' and 'Peelite' conceptions of the Whitehall-Westminster model to demonstrate the ambiguities and tensions that exist. This framework is then applied to a case study of parliamentary reform under Labour governments since 1997 in the second section. The third section emphasizes that parliament cannot be studied in isolation. It suggests that the British constitution is at a critical historical, political and institutional juncture in which a number of inter-linked emerging agendas are altering the relationship between parliament and the executive. The significance of these emerging agendas is that, unlike internal reform of parliament, they are largely beyond the executive's control. The combined influence of these factors is likely to impel the executive, at some point, to support a coherent and far-reaching reappraisal of the structure, role and powers of parliament. Consequently the degree to which Britain ( de facto ) remains a parliamentary state will be subject to intense and increasing debate.     

浅谈高职高专青年教师的教学素养的培养

目前青年教师已成为各高职高专教学的中坚力量,但由于很多青年教师刚从学校毕业,或从其他行业转为教师,这使很多青年教师的教学经验不足,教学素养和能力未达到教学要求。为了进一步明确青年教师的职责和责任,使其具备良好的素养、职业道德,掌握教育教学法规、教师礼仪,明白学生的心理活动,增加教师自身的自信心、科研能力等教学素养和能力。因此从这几角度探析高职高专青年教师的教学素养的培养与形成。