A brief technical communication: detection of fentanyl in urine

A reliable and sensitive method to analyze fentanyl in urine was developed using radioimmunoassay (RIA). Fentanyl, a highly lipophilic drug (pKa 7.7), has become a common drug of abuse. We evaluated three analytical techniques to detect fentanyl in urine. This paper reports the best of the three - a modified solvent extraction combined with a fentanyl RIA.     

A survey of communication skills needed and communication methods used in the dissemination of development information

This article reports on the results of a survey conducted on the role of change agents in the communication development process. Change agents working with twenty non-profit development agencies were asked to evaluate the amount of time they spent communicating development information, the communication skills and methods used, and the roles they play as change agents in the development process.     

A synthesis of pertinent research relating to technical information systems

This article investigates, evaluates, and summarizes pertinent research on technical information systems (TIS) — the vehicle by which technology is disseminated and acquired by potential users of that technology. Since the TIS is a critical element in the transfer process, it is recommended as the place to begin — employing the principles of systems analysis and design — to optimize transfer of technology.     

Race,female headship,and delinquency: A longitudinal analysis

Two recent studies support the hypothesis of a positive association between the “broken family” and crime; one repeats an earlier finding that this relationship is stronger for blacks than for whites. The alarm over the upsurge in female family headship in the United States led to a test of the hypothesis with previously neglected longitudinal data. For the years 1971 to 1986, despite tremendous increases in female family headship among blacks, only one of eight index offenses (arrests) showed an increase among black juveniles. Among white juveniles, increases in three of eight index offenses accompanied the increase in female headship. More important, multiple regression analysis yielded no significant relationship between female headship and any of the eight index offenses or total index offenses for black or white juveniles. The findings may be explained in part by changing attitudes toward birth outside marriage, divorce, and women's competence to rear children by themselves. Also, proposed explanations of the broken family/crime association, such as ineffective supervision by single parents and weakened attachment to single parents, are rendered irrelevant by our findings.     

Changing coverage of domestic violence murders: a longitudinal experiment in participatory communication

Stressing relation-building and participatory communication approaches, the Rhode Island Coalition against Domestic Violence worked with journalists to develop a best practices handbook on news coverage of domestic violence murders. This study compares print coverage of domestic violence murders prehandbook (1996-1999) and posthandbook (2000-2002). Significant changes include increased labeling of the murder of intimates as domestic violence and doubled usage of advocates as sources. As a result, domestic violence murders, previously framed as unpredictable private tragedies, are more commonly framed posthandbook as social problems warranting public intervention. The authors conclude that relation-building approaches can affect news cultures and public discourse when conducted in conjunction with comprehensive participatory communications strategies.     

A scientometric analysis of knowledge spillover research

The Journal of Technology Transfer - This paper explores current trends in knowledge spillover research using scientometric analysis of all papers published in journals indexed in the Web of...     

我国技术市场发展历程与展望

技术市场作为科技体制改革的突破口,有力地促进了科技与经济的结合,对促进经济增长方式转变和经济结构调整,发挥了不可替代的基础性作用。梳理把握技术市场发展现状,研究新形势下技术市场发展的新思路,对于进一步推动我国社会主义市场体系建设和国家创新体系建设具有重要意义。     

Conflict in the home environment of adolescents from divorced families: A longitudinal analysis

The purpose of this study was to examine conflict in the home environment of adolescents from divorced families across a 3-year period. Adolescents from intact (106) and mother-custody divorced (60) families participated. Interparental conflict and parent-adolescent relations were assessed. Results indicated that adolescents from divorced families did not experience more conflictual home environments than those from intact families. In fact, interparental relations after the first year and parent-adolescent relations in general appeared to be less conflictual in divorced families. Limitations and implications of the findings are discussed.     

Rethinking the IQ-delinquency relationship: A longitudinal analysis of multiple theoretical models

Criminological research has consistently demonstrated a relationship between IQ and delinquency, yet scholars continue to debate the precise mechanisms by which IQ should have an effect on delinquent behavior. Although researchers typically view the IQ-delinquency relationship as a function of “school performance,” additional explanations exist that have yet to be formally tested in conjunction with one another within the same analysis. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) we extend existing research by assessing the indirect effect of IQ on delinquency through three intervening processes: school performance, deviant peer pressure, and self-control. The results indicate strong support for the school performance model (especially when linked with self-control), yet considerable evidence exists of an indirect effect of IQ on delinquency through both deviant peer pressure and self-control. The implications for future theoretical development and integration are discussed.     

A longitudinal analysis of the arrest-crime relationship: A further examination of the tipping effect

This study examines the contextual effect of arrest clearance rates, over time, on the arrest-crime relationship. The bivariate autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) analyses of monthly crime and arrest data for seven Pennsylvania cities for robbery, burglary, larceny, and auto theft suggest that the deterrent effect of arrests on crime is probably limited to smaller cities whose police department are able to clear an appreciable proportion of crimes over time, through arrests.     

表型信息SNPs在法医学中的研究进展

单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP),是指人群中正常个体基因组中单个碱基的变异,而能够提供个体表型信息的SNPs(phenotype informative SNPs,PISNPs)对法医学实践有重要意义。本文对PISNPs的基本概念、研究方法和其在法医学中的应用进展进行综述,并对如何加强PISNPs在法医学方面的应用提出了几点看法。     

A longitudinal analysis of factors associated with reporting violent crimes to the police

The use of generalized estimating equations and time-series methods for fitting longitudinal models in the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is discussed, with reference to the relation between the reporting of a violent crime to the police and previous victimizations. Two longitudinal models are fit to NCVS data to predict the likelihood of reporting a violent crime to the police based on characteristics of the victim and the incident and based on previous victimization experiences. In both models, it is found that higher reporting rates are associated with positive results accruing from reporting previous victimization to the police.     

海洛因毒品技术分析情报化的初步探讨

本文结合国际上海洛因毒品的变化特点和各国政府采用的一些应对措施,就我国在海洛因毒品技术分析情报化的建立和完善做了初步的思索和探讨。     

The COVID-19 pandemic: some thoughts on integrity in research and communication

Principles of integrity and ethical practice in research have been reinforced and honed over decades. In medical and biomedical fields, they have been shaped by challenges that include endemic, emerging, and re-emerging diseases [1], as well as the scientific responses to each disease as it occurs. These responses include clinical and community prevention trials, vaccine and drug trials for persons with life-threatening diseases, applied and basic research with dangerous microbial agents, and many others. Unexpected fatal pandemics caused by novel agents—for which neither drugs nor vaccines exist— present additional urgent challenges for scientists, defined here to mean biomedical, medical, and public health scientists and practitioners. In addition to conducting research, scientists are also often tasked with communicating research findings, not only to those who make policy decisions, but also to the media and the public.     

New trends in hair analysis and scientific demands on validation and technical notes

This review focuses on basic aspects of method development and validation of hair testing procedures. Quality assurance is a major issue in drug testing in hair resulting in new recommendations, validation procedures and inter-laboratory comparisons. Furthermore recent trends in research concerning hair analysis are discussed, namely mechanisms of drug incorporation and retention, novel analytical procedures (especially ones using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and alternative sample preparation techniques like solid-phase microextraction (SPME)), the determination of THC-COOH in hair samples, hair testing in drug-facilitated crimes, enantioselective hair testing procedures and the importance of hair analysis in clinical trials. Hair testing in analytical toxicology is still an area in need of further research.     

A biosocial analysis of the sources of missing data in criminological research

Purpose

Failing to deal with missing data patterns effectively may result in biased parameter estimates and ultimately may produce inaccurate results and conclusions. The vast majority of criminological research has addressed this issue with listwise deletion (LD) and multiple imputation (MI) techniques. Identifying the specific covariates that directly contribute to patterns of missingness is highly important in deciding which technique to use. One of the more surprising omissions from the identified list of covariates is the potential role of genetic influences in the development of missingness.

Methods

The current study addresses this gap in the literature by estimating genetic (A), shared environmental (C), and the nonshared environmental (E) influences on missingness across measures of delinquency and self-control within a longitudinal sample of twin and sibling pairs.

Results

The results indicated that genetic influences explain a significant portion of the variance in missing values related to both delinquency and self-control.

Conclusions

Current methodological techniques aimed at addressing missing data should be amended to take genetic influences into account. Such modifications and the implications of the findings for future research are discussed.     

Legal and ethical issues in microbicides research and development in Canada

The Canadian AIDS Society (CAS) recently completed a report entitled Microbicides Development and Delivery in Canada: Legal, Ethical and Human Rights Issues. The report builds on Canadian and international experience and was written in consultation with Canadian community and international experts. It is available on the CAS website (www.cdnaids.ca) and from the Canadian HIV/AIDS Information Centre (www.aidssida.cpha.ca) as of September 2004. In this article the report's author, Anna Alexandrova, argues that Canada needs to develop a microbicides development and delivery strategy that addresses research and development issues, outlines possible roles for meaningful community participation, and provides guidelines on funding, promotion, licensing, and distribution.     

An analysis of citations in introductory criminology textbooks: A research note

Introductory textbooks have an important role in familiarizing people with the subject matter, scope, accumulated knowledge, and general problems of a professional discipline. Therefore, they perform a socializing function for a substantive area of study. A study was conducted to find out which social scientists are most cited in 20 recently published criminology textbooks. The study resulted in a list of 19 names of influential criminologists and some additional findings concerning the “criminological enterprise.”