列车撞击伤及碾轧伤的损伤形态与成伤机制

目的总结列车撞击、碾轧伤的典型损伤形态，探讨其成伤机制。方法对103例列车撞击伤、84例列车碾轧伤案例进行回顾性分析。结果不同的致伤方式及受害者伤时状态不同，在损伤形态及成伤机制上有所差异。结论典型损伤形态可为推断致伤方式及受害者伤时状态提供依据。     

船舶螺旋桨损伤法医学分析16例

1案例资料 本组16例螺旋桨损伤案例，选自武汉市公安局水上分局2004～2008年415例尸检案例，资料包括现场及尸检照片。各案例损伤部位、数目及特点见表1。     

1例剪刀损伤成伤机制的法医学鉴定分析

1案例资料李某,男,18岁,无业。2005年12月25日晚被人用剪刀刺伤左胸,经医院抢救无效死亡。死后38h进行尸检,尸体呈贫血状,左胸乳头上方有两处相邻的缝合创,剪开缝合线后见2.4 cm×1.1cm、2cm×1.2cm创口两处(照片1),创缘整齐,创角一钝一锐,深达胸腔,两钝侧创角相对,创口间有宽0     

道路交通事故颅脑损伤的法医学鉴定

目的　研究道路交通事故中颅脑损伤的类型、特点、主要并发症及其受伤人员的伤残评定。方法　 862例道路交通事故颅脑损伤的案例资料 ,按伤者受伤的不同部位、有无并发症、并发症的类型及伤残程度进行统计分析。结果　复合性颅脑损伤 2 76例 ,脑挫伤 192例 ,颅骨骨折 79例 ,颅内出血 91例 ,头皮外伤 2 2 4例 ;主要并发症为脑积水 ( 19例 ,2 2 0 % )、癫痫 ( 16例 ,1 86% )、偏瘫 ( 14例 ,1 62 % )、植物人状态 ( 12例 ,1 3 9% )。结论　道路交通事故中颅脑损伤 ,以头部复合性损伤最多见 ,严重的脑挫伤为最常见的损伤类型 ,并发症的诊断应掌握诊断标准 ,并注意与相关疾病鉴别。     

枪弹伤的损伤程度鉴定1例

<正> 1 案例资料 简要案情 某男,29岁,无业人员。2003年5月17日晚8时许,被人用仿制手枪击伤腿部,伤后自行去医院被收住院诊治;6月4日出院,次日到我局法医室验伤。 法医学检验伤者神清,稍跛行;双下肢皮温、各关节     

1例疑为交通事故的高坠损伤法医学鉴定

<正>1 案例资料 1．1 案情简介及现场情况 2004年4月,某国道边发现1具女尸。尸体侧卧于公路东侧柏油路面上,头西脚东,面部朝下,距路基 2．5m;头部有范围约为40cm×30cm血泊,边缘见星芒状溅落血迹;路面未见刹车及其他痕迹和物品。公路东侧为石灰岩悬崖,悬崖底部距尸体4．6m,壁陡约 90°,高约20m,岩壁有巨石凸出,崖顶长满低矮灌木。     

根据创口形态及成伤机制分析损伤性质1例

凡运用各种手段 ,故意损伤自己或授意他人损害自己的身体 ,造成自身损伤者称为造作伤 (或称自残 )。法医学实践中以锐器造作伤多见 ,且绝大部分是自己亲手造成。作者检验 1例 ,现在报道如下。1　简要案情2 0 0 1年冬季的某日早晨 ,张某 (男 ,4 5岁 )报称 :1小时前 ,在一树林中 ,三个男子抢走张某 4万元人民币 ,并用匕首猛刺其右大腿后逃离现场。接案后 ,办案人员调查未果 ,并对伤者经济情况产生疑问 ,怀疑报假案 ,遂委托对张某进行损伤鉴定。2　检　验2 1　损伤情况张某右大腿前侧中段有纵行裂创一处 ,有少量活动性出血 ,未缝合 ,长 3 2cm …     

造作伤法医学鉴定1例

1简要案情 2004年6月28日,汪某（男,33岁）因纠纷被他人用木凳击打头部一下,伤后半小时就诊。查体：神清,头顶部一约7．5cm（示有更改痕迹）左右挫裂创,深及骨膜,活动性出血．诊断：头皮挫裂伤。予清创缝合。     

成伤机制认定伪造绑架案1例

1案例资料某日，一走读初中学生的父亲报警称：女儿高某于12月8日放学回家途中被绑架并伤害，且被绑架前几日收到过恐吓信件。询问详情是：8日晚8时许，在放学回家的小路上，高某被3名嫌疑人用麻绳反绑双手、黄色胶带封口、黑色布条遮眼，强行将其带至一处围墙下，对其身体进行伤害后将高某留在现场，后高某自行解除捆绑物，并将捆绑物扔在现场周围后返回家中，当体表损伤被其父母发现后，遂报警。     

洗浴中电击死亡法医学鉴定1例

1案例资料 1．1简要案情 吴某，女，34岁，2009年1月25日晚，在老乡苏某家卫生间淋浴时突然惊叫，苏某推门查看，发现吴某躺在地上呈昏迷状，上前搀扶时身体有麻木感，切断电源，拨打“120”急救，送至医院时其已死亡。     

A “concrete” identification in a dismemberment case

Homicide perpetrators can use concrete as a means to conceal their victims. When concrete encasement is encountered in the forensic field, albeit rarely, it is often coupled with postmortem dismemberment. This method of obscuring the evidence presents unique investigative obstacles, specifically related to identification. Various approaches to obtaining fingerprints from decedents encased in concrete have been suggested and implemented over the years. The presented case is that of an initially unidentified 44-year-old male, who was subject to postmortem dismemberment and concrete encasement. Meticulous excavation techniques facilitated preservation of evidence and an anatomical reconstruction of the body. These techniques enabled inspection of the incision sites of the dismembered remains during the postmortem examination. Identifiable jewelry and tattoos were noted at autopsy. Further, the resulting concrete molds could be utilized to obtain fingerprints. These prints were used to ultimately identify the decedent.     

家兔死后体表锐器伤出血现象的研究

目的对家兔死后体表锐器损伤出血现象进行研究,以期能够贴近实际办案需要,找到一个更为实用的鉴别生前锐器伤和死后锐器伤的方法。方法家兔脱毛,制作锐器损伤模型,采用大体观察结合HE染色镜下组织病理学观察。结果死后锐器损伤出血量均较少,随着时间延长出血量减少,出血速度慢。死后30min的锐器损伤在形成过程与生前损伤有所区别,但在死后12h肉眼观察结果与生前损伤难以区别。死后1h以上的锐器损伤与生前损伤不同之处在于创缘不会被血染。结论位于尸体低下位置的死后30min内的锐器创与生前锐器创的区别是出血量相对较少。死后60min-90min的锐器伤出血量少,创缘皮肤不被血染,肌肉的出血较局限,与生前损伤相鉴别较容易。     

常规冷冻对大鼠尸体组织形态学的影响

目的观察分析死后不同时间冷冻大鼠尸体主要内脏组织细胞形态变化规律。方法 SD大鼠20只,分为尸僵前冷冻组、尸僵期冷冻组、尸僵缓解冷冻组及对照组（各5只）,颈椎脱臼处死大鼠,实验组大鼠在室温25℃±5℃、相对湿度80%±5%分别放置0h、6h、24h后-20℃±2℃冰箱冷冻72h,解剖提取脑、心、肺、肝、肾,常规切片HE染色,显微图像体视学测量细胞外间隙的面密度。结果各实验组内脏组织间质疏松增宽,冰晶裂隙沿组织间隙或肝血窦分布、周边细胞固缩,红细胞冻溶、血管周围浆液淤积,以肝组织变化最明显。细胞外间隙的面密度：对照组明显小于实验组（P〈0.01）;脑尸僵前组较尸僵组大（P〈0.05）;心、肾尸僵前组和尸僵组无显著差异（P〉0.05）,均较尸僵缓解组大（P〈0.01）;肝各实验组组间比较均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论冷冻不同尸僵状态下内脏组织细胞有不同的形态结构,可作为区别和判断生前和死后组织细胞形态改变的参考。     

交通事故颅脑损伤233例法医学鉴定分析

通过对233例交通事故颅脑损伤案例的分析,对受伤者的性别、年龄及损伤程度进行了统计。并对其颅脑外伤后遗症和伤残等级的关系、评定时间及脑外伤后神经功能障碍的认定进行了探讨。     

Case report of a criminal dismemberment in Northeast Brazil

Several decomposed body parts were received for examination by the Forensic Anthropology section of the Medico-legal Institute of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. The portions of the lower and upper limbs, ribs, vertebrae, and a skull were thoroughly examined. The biological profile indicated a male individual with an estimated age range between 23 and 57 years and a mean age of 35.2 years (SD = 9.4; phase IV, Suchey-Brooks). The skeleton showed injuries caused by sharp force and sharp-blunt force trauma that affected all body segments. Macroscopically, the lesions are mainly in the diaphyseal segments of the long bones, sacrum, pelvis, mandible, maxilla, scapulae, sternum, vertebrae, the distal epiphysis of the left fibula, and the distal epiphysis of the left tibia displayed characteristics compatible with injuries produced perimortem. It was not possible to determine the cause of death. DNA analysis resulted in a positive identification. Because of common difficulties faced in forensic practice, it is often not possible for forensic anthropologists to go to the crime scene, X-ray or body scanners are frequently unavailable, and the victim’s medical and/or dental records are sometimes absent. These difficulties make identification ultimately depend on genetic analysis, which is more time-consuming than other identification methods. Despite this, bone fragment examination in dismemberment cases is a complex task. Forensic Anthropology can shed light on cases involving the identification of dismembered remains, which are challenging because of the number of traumatic injuries, as well as different injury patterns, on bones.     

100例腐败尸体的组织病理学检验结果分析

目的探讨腐败尸体的病理检验价值。方法对楚雄州2000年1月至2015年10月的100例腐败尸体的组织病理学检验材料进行回顾性分析。结果尸体腐败后,虽然组织结构发生了破坏,但仍可将部分生前病变和损伤保存下来,对查明死因或死亡方式仍有一定价值。结论对腐败尸体进行系统解剖和组织病理学检验,对判断案件性质和分析死亡原因具有重要的指导意义。     

铁路行车影响下形成头部道碴创的特点与鉴别

目的总结铁路行车影响下形成的头部道碴创之形态特点,探索其与一般头部钝器打击创的鉴别方法。方法对1994～2008年间怀化、长沙铁路公安处管辖内发生的因铁路行车的影响形成了头部道碴创的损伤案例从创的分布特点、创角的锐利程度、创缘的挫伤、创壁的光滑程度、创的深度、颅骨的损伤特点等方面进行分析,并与常见棍棒、锤类、石头等钝器打击头部形成的创相比较。结果与打击时受害者处于相对静止状态不同,铁路行车影响下人体头部所形成的道碴创是在头部处于运动中形成;两者由于致伤机理不同,导致头部创呈现不同的特征。结论铁路行车影响下形成的头部道碴创具有独特的特征,可与头部钝器打击创鉴别。     

大鼠尸体组织中三甲胺-氮的检测

目的建立检测尸体组织中三甲胺-氮(TMA-N)含量的方法。方法大鼠肌肉组织样本100mg经预处理后,将三甲胺(TMA)抽提于无水甲苯中,与苦味酸作用,形成黄色的苦味酸三甲胺盐,用分光光度计在410nm处检测吸光度,标准曲线法计算TMA-N含量。结果在1～10mg/L范围内,光密度(OD)值与TMA-N浓度呈现良好线性关系(R2=0.9991,P<0.001)。平均日内差2.37%,平均日间差3.2%。加样平均回收率98.4%;大鼠死后即刻至7d,尸体肌肉组织中TMA-N含量由0.115mg/L上升至18.073mg/L,随死后时间延长呈现增加的趋势。结论死后尸体组织中的TMA-N含量可用分光光度法检测。     

Searching for Kin Amidst Tragedy—Disaster Victim Identification Operations for US Bangla Flight 211

The nature of air disasters includes factors that exacerbate challenges in the identification process. Of the 49 deceased in the US Bangla air crash in Kathmandu, Nepal, four were intact, 11 presented with burn injuries, another 11 presented with partial charring, and 23 were completely charred. Personal belongings were useful in the identification phases for all types of victims. Fingerprints were obtainable and useful in intact victims and victims with less severe burn injuries; medical and surgical information was useful in bodies with burn injuries; finally, dental findings were useful in cases of extensive charring. Other useful methods in the process included marks of identification, physical features, and exclusion. In certain resource‐limited settings, especially in closed population disasters, where scientific identification (DNA, dental records, etc.) is not currently available, personal belongings, clothing, and physical findings analyzed by an identification team using a structured organization may be cautiously used as the primary means of identification.