反不正当竞争法与知识产权法关系的司法政策的教义学展开

最高人民法院出台的有关反不正当竞争法与知识产权法关系的司法政策可化约为一项法律规则,授权法院在一定条件下援引反不正当竞争法为知识产权提供附加保护。这项政策的适用难点在于其适用条件。该政策的一阶适用条件为,知识产权法未予禁止的情形构成法律漏洞并且立法者未禁止法院填补漏洞。可是,存在一些阻却漏洞认定或填补的知识产权法律规则。只有为阻却漏洞认定或填补的规则设立例外,一阶适用条件才能成立。而为阻却漏洞认定或填补的规则设立例外以法院拥有对这些规则的续造权为前提。法院的续造权因此构成二阶适用条件。按我国国家机构权力配置的标准,法院应享有续造权。法院行使续造权应受论证负担规则的限制。     

Human Rights, Development, and the WTO: The Cases of Intellectual Property and Competition Policy

The World Trade Organization (WTO) has sometimes been portrayedas being at odds with the protection of human rights. This articletakes issue with this perception, both generally and with specificreference to WTO agreements/activities in the areas of intellectualproperty (IP) and competition policy. The rules and proceduresof the WTO are directly supportive of civil rights in the senseof freedom to participate in markets and freedom from arbitrarygovernmental procedures. In addition, the system contributesto development and to the realization of broader economic, social,and cultural rights, by stimulating economic growth and therebyhelping to generate the resources that are needed for the fulfilmentof such rights. The article examines various human rights andpublic interest rationales for the protection of intellectualproperty rights (IPRs). The recent amendment to the Agreementon Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)to facilitate access to medicines in the event of public healthemergencies is outlined. With respect to competition policy,such policy constitutes an important aspect of governance insuccessful market-based economies. There is a clear need forcooperative approaches to the implementation of national competitionpolicies. The appropriate scope and venue for such cooperationare a matter for further deliberation.