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1.
在英语写作过程中,学习者拥有一定的元认知基础,能有意识地用英语进行写作并进行自我反省,同时对写作过程进行有效的规划、监控和评价,使写作成为学习者自觉、能动的认知活动。大学英语写作教学中由于学生缺乏有效地写作策略而存在种种问题,在教学过程中教师应指导学生运用元认知策略调节和监控自己的写作行为,提高写作能力。将元认知与大学英语写作教学融为一体,对深化英语课堂教学改革具有一定的现实意义。 相似文献
2.
本调查对商丘师范学院非英语专业的80名高分组和低分组学生进行了有关英语写作学习策略的研究,目的是试图比较两组之间在写作学习策略方面运用的差异,揭示写作学习策略对英语写作学习成功者的影响。 相似文献
3.
We consider noncoercive means for harnessing the efforts of the private sector as partners with public authorities for addressing potential harms from widely dispersed risks. Our focus is the public and private sector approach in the United States to protecting the nation's critical infrastructures. We empirically address how two key elements of this approach—mobilization of attention and planning partnerships—work to foster “communities of interest” that pursue common sets of solutions for risk reduction. Our depiction of the varied communities of interest underscores differences in starting points in creating such communities, in the ability to mobilize and focus attention within them, and in the likelihood of sustaining efforts to address threats to critical infrastructures. The fundamental issue raised by our research is striking an appropriate balance between governmental and private sector roles in addressing risks for which it is hard to create and sustain protective actions. 相似文献
4.
执政风险是与执政党相伴生的历史现象。中国共产党作为长期执政的党,必须高度重视长期执政环境下的执政风险问题。腐败是党执政的最大风险,因为腐败破坏党的性质和宗旨,危及政治稳定;腐败会危害经济的健康发展,动摇党执政的经济基础;腐败严重败坏了执政党党风,污染社会风气;腐败动摇马克思主义指导思想,削弱主流意识形态的价值认同。因此,党要抵御执政风险就需要自觉划清党同腐败的界线,严惩腐败行为;通过建立反腐倡廉制度体系,实现"源头治理";大力发展廉政文化,筑牢思想防线。 相似文献
5.
优化规制:中国政府规制改革的现实选择 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
何江 《北京行政学院学报》2004,(4):24-27
在西方放松规制的潮流下,中国政府规制改革应何去何从?本文首先对规制的意义进行区分和界定,并追溯美国政府规制的发展轨迹,然后结合我国的情况,提出了中国规制改革的取向--优化规制. 相似文献
6.
Yoon Hongsik 《美中公共管理》2014,(1):49-56
This study analyzed the relationship between new social risks and poverty in Korea, with specific foci on the changes in the family and in the labor market. Through the analysis, this study maintains that the expanding welfare state in Korea requires policies responding both to NSRs （new social risks） and to traditional social risks. The findings of this study are as follows： First, care responsibilities within the household were strongly associated with the poverty status of household. Second, dual-breadwinner households were less likely to fall into poverty than households with a single male breadwinner. Third, the flexible labor market that leads to poverty not only influences irregular or part-time workers but regular workers as well. These findings show that households of self-employed workers were even worse off than those of irregular workers, who were previously identified as the group who suffered most due to the flexible labor market. 相似文献
7.
Christoph Knill Xavier Fernndez‐i‐Marín Emma Budde Stephan Heichel 《Regulation & Governance》2020,14(2):256-270
Morality policies evince a much closer relationship to religious doctrines than is the case in other policy areas and hence constitute a most likely case for the observation of religious effects on policymaking and regulatory change. Yet we still lack generally accepted answers to the questions of whether and how religion matters to morality policy. In this paper, we present a theoretical argument that helps to overcome the seemingly contradictory expectations derived from the secularization and religion matters hypotheses. We postulate a bottleneck effect of religious opposition: while religious influence matters most during early stages of the policy process when the problem definition of a moral issue is still in flux, it diminishes during later stages when the issue has made it onto the political agenda. We find evidence of the bottleneck effect in a dataset of policy permissiveness covering 26 countries and spanning 50 years for five morality policies (abortion, euthanasia, homosexuality, pornography, and same‐sex marriage). The data is analyzed via a multilevel model and using Bayesian inference. 相似文献
8.
于书平 《北京行政学院学报》2001,(6):37-39
随着金融全球化、网络化、集团化的发展,国际金融监管在监管目标、监管内容、监管重心、监管技术和监管的国际合作方面出现了一些新的趋势,对我国金融监管体系的构建具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
9.
Bärbel R. Dorbeck-Jung Mirjan J. Oude Vrielink Jordy F. Gosselt Joris J. Van Hoof Menno D. T. De Jong 《Regulation & Governance》2010,4(2):154-174
The hybridization of regulatory modes and instruments is currently a popular way to improve public regulation. However, it is still unclear whether combinations of hard law and soft law, co-regulation, and legally enforced self-regulation really make regulation more effective. Using the analytical framework of the “really responsive regulation” approach, in this article we explore effectiveness problems in a hybrid regulatory system that tries to protect minors from harmful media. In our analysis of low compliance rates in the context of system failures, we argue that effectiveness problems seem to arise from poorly informed staff members, lack of internal and external controls, low rule enforcement, insufficient overlap between public and private interests, poor social responsibility in the Dutch media sector, deficiencies in the institutional framework, an inconsistent regulatory strategy, and inadequate responses from responsible regulators. Furthermore, based on our case study we argue that institutional dynamics of standard-setting activities can be detrimental to regulatory goal achievement if there is no compensation at the systemic level. Ongoing “regulatory care” through control, corrective responses, and rule enforcement seems to be crucial for a hybrid regulatory system to perform well. 相似文献
10.
11.
Risk‐based regulation is becoming a familiar regulatory strategy in a wide range of areas and countries. Regulatory attention tends to focus, at least initially, on high risks but low‐risk regulatees or activities tend to form the bulk of the regulated population. This article asks why regulators need to address low risks and it outlines the potential difficulties that such risks present. It then considers how regulators tend to deal with lower risks in practice. A body of literature and survey‐based research is used to develop a taxonomy of intervention strategies that may be useful in relation to low‐risk activities, and, indeed, more widely. In an article to be published in the subsequent issue of this journal, we will then develop a strategic framework for regulators to employ when choosing intervention strategies and we will assesses whether, and how, such a framework could be used by regulatory agencies in a manner that is operable, dynamic, transparent, and justifiable. 相似文献
12.
人力资本理论研究需要关注的新领域——人力资本投资风险 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
人力资本投资有不确定性并可能给相关主体带来损失。由于风险的存在，在某种程度上已经抑制了我国人力资本投资的扩展。这在人力资本作用日益重要的时代，可能会不利于经济的发展。本在对原有人力资本理论反思的基础上对人力资本投资风险问题涉及的主要方面进行讨论。 相似文献
13.
Safety regulation – in the form of pre-market approval, licensure, screening, and product entry limitations – governs numerous market realms, including consumer finance. In this article, we ask whether the effects of safety regulation go beyond safety and affect consumers' beliefs about the distribution of products they can use. We model “approval regulation,” where a government regulator must approve the market entry of a product based upon observable, unbiased, and non-anticipable experiments. We show that even if regulator and firm disagree about only quality standards, the disagreement induces the firm to provide more information about its product than it would in the absence of regulation. Put differently, purely first-order disagreements in regulation generate second-order consequences (more certainty about product quality). These second-order consequences of regulation are sufficient to generate first-order effects among end-users (more consumption of superior products), even when users are risk-neutral. In other words, even if approval regulation produces little or no improvement in safety or quality, it still aggregates information useful to “downstream” product users; these users will exhibit higher consumption and will more readily switch to superior products. In contrast with libertarian analyses of entry regulation and licensure, the model predicts that entry restrictions may be associated with greater product or service utilization (consumption) as well as with greater price sensitivity among consumers. Because contemporary cost–benefit analyses ignore these second-order effects, they are unlikely to capture the possible confidence effects of approval regulation. 相似文献
14.
Nikhil Kaza Sarah F. Riley Roberto G. Quercia Chao Yue Tian 《Housing Policy Debate》2016,26(4-5):750-765
AbstractHousehold energy expenditures, especially for transportation, are fairly inelastic. Their effects on low-income households may be significant, due to the potential for energy consumption to displace other types of consumption when energy prices rise. Using accessibility as a proxy for lower transportation costs, we test the hypothesis that low- and moderate-income residents are less likely default when they are located in more accessible places. We find that regional accessibility has almost no effect on risks of default, but local job diversity has moderate mitigating effect. 相似文献
15.
廉政风险防控具有前瞻性和高效益,属治本之策。大数据为公职人员廉政风险防控提供了新的研究视角和方法,可通过协同联动的廉政风险防控平台深度挖掘规模剧增的海量数据进行动态监测及预警。基于目前理论研究和实践现状,以公职人员为无差别微观研究主体,将公职人员廉政风险预警流程设计为廉政风险信息采集、廉政风险信息分析、廉政风险信息评估、廉政风险信息处理四部分,利用大数据量化研判,实现公职人员个体相关数据的分析评估和实时监测,可及时防控和遏制腐败行为的发生。 相似文献
16.
第三方评价与廉政风险防控实效提升 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
廉政风险防控是推进权力公开透明运行、健全权力运行制约和监督机制的一项重要实践和探索。目前,我国廉政风险防控机制属于内部控制,基层政府对于专业性较强的现代管理方法了解不深和应用不足,致使廉政风险防控的实效性不是十分明显。我国廉政风险防控主要存在方法困境、制度困境、认识困境、人力资源困境等现实问题。在廉政风险防控机制中引入第三方评价模式,是一项有益尝试,使廉政风险评估由内部评价转向外部评价,为社会公众有效参与反腐败工作提供了平台,有利于丰富廉政风险管理机制的理论与实践,大力提升我国廉政风险防控的实效。 相似文献
17.
20世纪的80年代末到90年代初,我国农村合作基金会经历了从兴起、发展到衰败的全过程.尽管农村合作基金会作为一种非正规金融组织从形式上已经消失,但随着时间的推移,由此而引发的地方政府或有隐性负债及财政风险问题却愈加突出.通过详述农基会的发展历史,分析了农村合作基金会及其债务形成的主要原因,并根据汉娜的"政府风险矩阵"理论分析农村合作基金会及其债务对地方政府及其财政带来的影响,进而提出增强地方政府财政风险意识、减少非理性行政干预和推动农村金融体制改革的建议. 相似文献
18.
中国发展低碳经济的路径选择 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
陈柳钦 《四川行政学院学报》2010,(1):72-74
以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基础的低碳经济是人类社会的一大进步,国外已采取多种措施发展低碳经济。发展低碳经济,是中国做负责任的大国、实现和平崛起和可持续发展的必然选择。中国应采取多种措施发展低碳经济。 相似文献
19.
Sharon Gilad 《Regulation & Governance》2010,4(4):485-506
Regulators in different countries and domains experiment with regulatory tools that allow organizations to adapt regulation to their individual circumstances, while holding them accountable for their self-regulation systems. Several labels have been coined for this type of regulation, including systems-based regulation, enforced self-regulation, management-based regulation, principles-based regulation, and meta-regulation. In this article, these forms of regulatory governance are classified as belonging to one family of “process-oriented regulation.” Based on a review of diverse empirical and theoretical research, it is suggested that the family of process-oriented regulation tends to have a positive, albeit varied, impact on organizations' performance, and the factors that shape this inconsistent effect are analyzed. Building on aspects of Parker's normative construct of “meta-regulation,” the article explores the extent to which her innovative notion of a learning-oriented approach to regulation might overcome some of the weaknesses of prevalent process-oriented approaches. It is proposed that under conditions of regulatory uncertainty or entrenched and prevalent non-compliance or both, meta-regulation is likely to have many advantages over other forms of process-oriented regulation. Yet realizing these advantages requires a rare combination of high regulatory capacity, a stable regulatory agenda, and a supportive political environment. 相似文献
20.
反腐新思维：以利益背反打破攻守同盟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
现有法律同时惩罚行贿者和受贿者,为“同时惩罚方案”,往往导致双方的利益攻守同盟,不利于高效反腐。“利益背反方案”提出了反腐新思维,能够打破腐败中的攻守同盟。此方案将行贿受贿分为受贿阶段与完成阶段。在受贿阶段,只要受贿者主动坦白,则他不但无过,反而有功,而对行贿者则予以惩罚;在完成阶段则相反。若此,在任一阶段都有且只有一方获利并且有且只有一方受损,于是形成双方利益与风险的多重背反;同时,任何一方自身的利益与风险也是背反的,即利益越大风险反而越小,利益越小风险反而越大。于是,双方成为利益敌人,从而打破攻守同盟。此外,利益背反还具有中立性、操作性很强、反腐败成本很低、适用范围很广等优点。 相似文献