共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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The use of the Nanospec 10S microspectrophotometer (Nanometrics Inc.) as a colour-coding instrument for small paint fragments and individual layers within a layer structure is described.The CIE system of colour notation is discussed and numerical values for colours within the CIE system are derived from reflectance measurements made with the microspectrophotometer. 相似文献
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The visible reflectance spectra of a number of common pigments are presented. These were measured between 380 nm and 900 nm in paint films using the Nanospec 10S Microspectrophotometer. This data can be used in combination with a computer program based upon simple Kubelka-Munk theory to identify the pigments in paint samples. The use of this approach in forensic science is illustrated by examples from recent cases. 相似文献
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N.A. Fuller 《Forensic science international》1985,27(3):189-204
The Nanospec 10S microspectrophotometer has been used to produce reflectance spectra over the 380–900 nm range from coloured thin-layer chromatography spots. The method has been applied to extracted paint pigments and to dyes from other materials examined in forensic science. 相似文献
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This study involved the comparative analysis and discrimination of 964 architectural paint samples collected in the United States and Canada. The samples were evaluated to determine the extent to which randomly collected architectural finishes can be discriminated following standard operating protocols for paint analysis. The study also provides a basis for assessing the significance of a result in which a pair or group are undifferentiated. The techniques utilized were stereomicroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with both backscatter electron imaging (BSI) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). To assess the layer characteristics (e.g., number, color, sequence, thickness), stereomicroscopy was used with FTIR and/or SEM as needed. The use of visual and microscopic evaluations in concert with FTIR resulted in 42 undifferentiated pairs, a discrimination of 99.99%. Adding SEM and Py-GC/MS analysis resulted in further discrimination of 31 pairs, resulting in eleven undiscriminated pairs of samples. At the conclusion of the study, samples that remained undifferentiated proved to originate from the same source. Therefore, no random pairs were indistinguishable at the conclusion of all examinations. 相似文献
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Hicks T Monard Sermier F Goldmann T Brunelle A Champod C Margot P 《Forensic science international》2003,137(2-3):107-118
Frequency of analytical characteristics is best estimated on glass recovered at random. However, as such data were not available to us, we decided to use control windows for this estimation. In order to use such a database, one has to establish that the recovered fragment comes from a window. Therefore, elemental analysis was used both for classification and discrimination of glass fragments. Several articles have been published on the subject, but most methods alter the glass sample. The use of non destructive energy dispersive X-ray microfluorescence (microXRF) for the analysis of small glass fragments has been evaluated in this context. The refractive index (RI) has also been measured in order to evaluate the complementarity of techniques. Classification of fragments has been achieved using Fisher's linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and neural networks (NN). Discrimination was based on Hotelling's T2 test. Only pairs that were not differentiated by RI followed by the Welch test were studied. The results show that neural network and linear discriminant analysis using qualitative and semi-quantitative data establishes a classification of glass specimens with a high degree of reliability. For discrimination, 119 windows collected from crime scene were compared: using RI it was possible to distinguish 6892 pairs. Out of 129 remaining pairs, 112 were distinguished by microXRF. 相似文献
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目的通过对油漆样品罩光漆成膜物质的检验以区分不同汽车厂家的油漆样品。方法采用衰减全反射红外光谱法(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy,ATR-FTIR)研究15个汽车厂家提供的356份油漆样品的罩光漆成膜物质。结果在所有油漆样品中,丙烯酸漆出现的频率最高,氨基漆出现的频率最低;在所有厂家中,使用丙烯酸漆的厂家最多,使用氨基氨酯混合漆的厂家最少;在使用相同罩光漆的不同厂家的油漆样品中,通过比较红外谱图可以对样品进一步区分。结论 ATR-FTIR法能够在一定程度上区分不同汽车厂家的油漆样品,从而大大缩小侦查范围,对于涉车案件的快速侦破具有非常重要的作用。 相似文献
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Chromatic secondary pigments are utilized in achromatic automotive paints to create unique paint systems. These pigments may not be observable in reflected light; however, utilizing visible microspectrophotometry (MSP) discriminating data may be gathered. This study analyzed 160 apparently achromatic automotive paints via this technique for spectral evidence of secondary pigmentation. These results were compared with visual observations made via polarizing light microscopy. Positive spectral results were attained in approximately 25% of the black and gray/silver topcoat sample sets, whereas the white topcoat and gray undercoat set yielded no probative spectral data. The black sample set did yield several samples that produced spectral evidence of pigmentation when no visual chromatic data was observed. The results of this study suggest that paint analysis schemes should incorporate visible MSP for apparently achromatic black and gray/silver paint samples. 相似文献
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The use of a Nanospec 10 S microspectrophotometer to examine minute bloodstains is discussed. To satisfy criteria for chemical identity, absorption spectra were recorded before and after treatment of the blood with Takayama reagent. The technique is of value where only tiny particulate bloodstains are available for testing and in other specialized instances. 相似文献
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Protein radioimmunoassay (pRIA) offers the potential to identify species in small skeletal fragments submitted as forensic evidence. The technique consists of protein extraction followed by a solid-phase double-antibody radioimmunoassay using controls of antisera (raised in rabbits) and radioactive (iodine-125) antibody of rabbit gamma globulin (produced in donkeys). Species determination results from evaluation of radioactivity uptake. To demonstrate the potential of this technique, six known bone samples (three human and three nonhuman, including one from a deer [Odocoileus virginianus]) were submitted for blind analysis. pRIA correctly distinguished the human from the nonhuman samples. Using 200 mg or less of each sample, species of the deer specimen was identified correctly, given the choices of cow, deer, dog, goat, and pig. 相似文献
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E I Uslontsev 《Sudebno-meditsinskaia ekspertiza》1991,34(4):24-26
Experimental investigations showed real possibility to perform stand laboratory modelling of blast trauma at any distance of fragmentation lesion. Process of interaction between injuring splinters and part of human body has both qualitative and quantitative expressions: different morphologic kinds of human body lesions are in accord with quite specific equivalent of energy parameters expressed via specific kinetic energy. Connections determined give the opportunity to solve special medical problems related to determination of distance between the victim and the blast centre in fragmentation injuring exposure according to character and volume of lesions. 相似文献