Informal ad hoc groupings of states as alternative means of conflict resolution： The case of ＂Contact Group＂

This paper investigates the role of informal groups, such as ＂Contact Group＂, in modem-day practice of conflict prevention, mediation, and settlement. It further aims to examine the legal status of this ad hoc grouping of states under international law, analyzing the Contact Group＇s involvement and operation in cases of Namibia （formerly South West Africa）, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Kosovo. This empirical survey is instrumental to delimit and define the relationship that is created between formal and informal processes and institutions at the planetary level, as a result of the emergence and proliferation of informal ad hoc groupings of states. The bases of authority, political effectiveness, and the place and position of the Contact Group within the existing UN system of collective security are used to understand the rationale behind the formation and existence, as well as contribution and utility of such informal structures.     

Industrial application of a government laboratory's research — The SIROTECH experience

CSIRO — Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization — is a large federal government research body with a central role in generating technology for the country's industrial development in the broad. The Organization has recently developed and reoriented its policies, procedures and mechanisms to provide stronger technological support for Australia's manufacturing industries: industries which are generally accepted to be badly in need of technological innovation. This article discusses the background to the changes made and the alternative pathways that were available to the Organization to effect the changes. It concentrates on the decision to establish a free-standing technology transfer and commercial assessment company, SIROTECH Limited. The article identifies the steps taken to bring the company to be, even after only two years' operation, a vital and valued part of CSIRO's system for planning, pursuing and applying industrial research with, and for, Australian industry. The main principles underlying the apparent success of the SIROTECH experience are identified.     

法院调解前置模式选择：民事审前调解

法院调解改革进程表明,调解依然应当是我国法院解决民事纠纷的重要方式。针对我国传统法院调解中“调审合一”、“调解与审判功能混淆”的弊端,理论和实务界提出了“调审分离”的改革方案。民事审前调解就是实现调解程序和审判程序分离,将调解程序前置到立案后开庭审理之前,由法院设置的专门调解机构和调解人员主持进行的调解。独立的审前调解程序具有不同于审判程序的调解原则、程序构制等内容。     

The experience of civil partnership dissolution: not ‘just like divorce’

Between 2012 and 2014 I interviewed some of the earliest civil partners to dissolve their partnerships about their experience of dissolution. When I presented my findings, most family lawyers responded that dissolution was ‘pretty much like divorce’. And so it was, in many respects; but I thought that such comments missed an important difference. This article focuses on the legal understandings of gays and lesbians who have undergone dissolution of their civil partnerships, and on their experiences of it. This seemed to me significant for three reasons. First, the experiences of lesbians and gay men have historically been marginalised, pathologised or absent from legal accounts and the dominant legal consciousness. In this research they would be put centre-stage. Second, the institution of civil partnership – transient though it may turn out to be – deserves study as the point of entry into legal recognition and regulation of same-sex couples’ relationships in the UK. And, third, it is this precise history that makes it different from marriage, and dissolution different from divorce, whatever the similarities in legal treatment.     

诉讼调解制度：让我欢喜让我忧——以利益衡量论为视角

诉讼调解制度是中国民事诉讼法确立的一项基本的诉讼制度。它存在着判决无法比拟的优点，同时也存在着其自身无法克服的弱点。这些弱点源自于调解的性质，内生于调解的功能。法官运用调解方式解决纠纷是法官利益衡量的结果。实体法的约束经过利益衡量和调解的双重软化後，使法官的主观恣意暴露无遗，破坏了法律的安定性和妥当性。本文以利益衡量论为视角，探讨调解制度的利与弊，并提出完善调解制度的构想，旨在克服法官在适用法律的过程中的主观恣意，实现法律的公平与正义。     

The Caribbean Court of Justice: a learning experience for the International Criminal Court?

This article starts by examining the role of Small States in the development of the International Criminal Court (ICC). It then surveys the functioning and administration of the ICC before proceeding to draw on key lessons for this Court, including on the election of judges and financing, from the Caribbean Court of Justice.     

强制调解：消费纠纷解决的制度选择——基于实证视角的分析

在国家制度为消费纠纷所提供的多元化解决机制中,实证调查表明消费者协会的调解发挥着解纷的重要作用并在消费者的解纷选择中具有优位性。基于消费者对消费者协会调解的需求、使用,以及满意度的经验性评估,为了提升消费者协会的解纷效能,应当建立强调程序合作的程序强制调解制度。     

港口法院：庭前调解成效好

为切实减轻当事人诉累,方便群众诉讼,广西壮族自治区防城港市港口区人民法院大力加强庭前调解工作,将案件的调解前置到开庭前,由立案庭负责对事实清楚、争议不大的案件即立即调,快速解决纠纷。今年1至10月,该院以调解或撤诉方式审结民商事案件138件,其中庭前调解结案48件,占34．78％,当事人对这种快速解决纠纷的工作机制普遍欢迎。     

诉讼调解：模式设计和原则适用

诉讼调解是在民事诉讼过程中,在法官主持下,双方当事人就民事权益争议自愿、平等地进行协商,以达成协议、解决纠纷的活动和结案方式。近年来,最高人民法院提出"能调则调,当判则判,调判结合,案结事了"的十六字民事审判工作原则,指导地方各级人民法院在正确把握调解和判决关系的基础上,加大诉讼调解方式解决纠纷的力度,引导当事人在平等自愿、互谅互让的基础     

The role of justice in the North–South conflict in climate change: the case of negotiations on the Adaptation Fund

Justice, by and large, implies greater legitimacy and can persuade parties with conflicting interests to cooperate more closely on collective actions. Therefore, the aim of this article is to investigate the role that ethical arguments have played in restoring mutual trust between the developed and the developing countries in negotiations on the Kyoto Protocol Adaptation Fund and in transforming the patent failure of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation Bonn May 2006 meetings on its management into the encouraging success of the Nairobi December 2006 round. These meetings are analysed from the perspectives of procedural and distributive justice in order to interpret the negotiating dynamics and their outcomes. More specifically, procedural and distributive justice are, respectively, sought in the Bonn and Nairobi formal meetings through reference to, and the emergence of, principles and criteria of participation, recognition and distribution of power among Parties, and of Parties’ responsibility for, and vulnerability to, climate impacts.     

The making of an expert detective: the role of experience in English and Norwegian police officers’ investigative decision-making

Biased decision-making in criminal investigations can impede or arrest the progress of justice. Previous research has not systematically addressed the effects of professional experience on the quality of detectives’ decision-making. Using a quasi-experimental design, this study compared the quality of investigative decisions made by experienced detectives and novice police officers in two countries with markedly different models for the development of investigative expertise (England and Norway). Participants (N?=?124) were presented with two semi-fictitious cases and were asked to report all relevant investigative hypotheses and necessary investigative actions in each case. The quality of participants’ responses was gauged against a gold standard established by a panel of senior homicide experts. In the English sample, experienced detectives vastly outperformed novice police officers in the number of reported gold-standard investigative hypotheses and actions. In the Norwegian sample, however, experienced detectives did not perform any better than novices. We argue that English (vs. Norwegian) detectives may benefit more from professional experience due to their Professionalising Investigation Programme and a nationwide accreditation program, requiring them to engage in extensive standardized training, systematic evaluation and synchronized development. In contrast, Norway lacks such requirements. Methodological limitations and implications for police training and accreditation policies are discussed.     

社会法的研究视域和进展：关注民生，促进社会建设

一、研究概况 民生问题是实现社会和谐的基础,实务界和理论界对此已形成共识.在此背景下,全国人大常委会进行了大刀阔斧的立法活动,党的十七大更是将社会建设提升为现代化建设的目标之一,社会法再次成为社会关注的焦点.可以说,2007年是重要的社会立法年,<劳动合同法>、<就业促进法>、<劳动争议调解仲裁法>三部法相继出台,使劳动合同制度、就业促进制度、劳动争议处理机制得到丰富和发展.<社会保险法>提交全国人大常委会审议,也成为社会关注的热点.与此同时,我国社会法在理论研究方面也取得了重大进展.     

乙肝携带者享有平等的就业权和隐私权

本案经过法官耐心细致的工作,原被告双方达成调解协议,终于“化干戈为玉帛”,可谓结局圆满。但是,乙肝表面抗原携带者在就业时遇到的种种就业歧视却不容忽视。那么,他们在就业中享有哪些权利？平等就业权被侵犯后应当如何采取有效途径进行维权？当前正值大学生就业的高峰期,记者就本案涉及到的“平等就业权”等问题采访了该案的承办法官一广州市萝岗区法院民一庭副庭长白峻。     

The conflict between the ethics of th individual and the ethics governing public health: practical sustainability of health care in jeopardy?

The "health rights movement" has reconstructed the clinical relationship between health care workers and patients by simultaneously demanding more from traditional medical care and challenging the perceived power differential between doctors and patients by rejecting the paternalistic medical model in favour of an individual patients' rights model. However, the growth in individual expectations of a right to health care creates a potential conflict with the ethics that prioritise public health and guide the rationing of its limited financial and human capital resources. This, in turn, creates a practical dilemma which requires public health institutions to become service orientated while sacrificing their integral role in training and educating the medical workforce and potentially compromising the practical sustainable delivery of public health in Australia. However, the law can play a role in resolving this conflict through legislation, regulations, codes, administrative law and common law in an effort to ensure the quality and future sustainability of public health in Australia.     

The clash of rights： Sexual violence and ethnic prejudices

The global spread of the recent financial crisis reveals the crisis of the social model at the base of Western societies. This can be seen from the increased social inequality and poverty, linked to increasing rates of unemployment levels within the so-called advanced capitalistic society. These societies, particularly the European ones, are interested at the same time in the migration and acquire the status of multicultural society. The mixture of the two phenomena, the economic and social crisis on the one hand, the increasing of migration flows on the other, led to deep divisions in that societies, whose consequences are felt by the most vulnerable groups： migrants and women. The associations complain of the increased exploitation of migrant labour, which creates resentment in the population, the unions complain the most violent fallout of the crisis of the labour market on women than men. In the Italian context occur that the two forms of discrimination have been dramatically intertwined： the public was captured by a sequence of shocking rapes of women by neo-communitarian citizens. The panic induced by the media has prevented a proper reflection on what was happening, crediting a model of criminalization of foreigners and increasing perception of insecurity in women. The scenario problematic from a legal standpoint, to which this article addresses, is a dangerous polarization between the protection of freedom of women and the respect for the social dignity of migrants. In relation to this scenario highly critical, in which is erroneously included women as a minority in conflict with another minority-migrants, the article aims to identify in a comparative way the best tools to prevent the ethnicization of gender violence.     

可行与可及：论医院内部调解的正当性及功能

医院内部调解是在医疗纠纷解决过程中发挥重要作用但往往被人们忽略的一种有效调解形式。以调解的正当性要求审视,医院内部调解可以在符号、语言、程序和关系网络等方面实现调解的中立要求,也可以在治疗型调解和教化型调解中满足调解的合意要求,这证明了医院内部调解的可行性。实践证明,医院内部调解可以较大提高纠纷的终结力,提高医患双方对解纷的满意度,还能有效维护医疗秩序和提高医疗质量,这证明了医院内部调解的可及性。     

六十年来我国劳动法的发展与展望

建国60年来,我国劳动立法经历了从无到有,从残缺到完善的历程。1994年颁布的《劳动法》是一部社会主义国家的劳动法,体现了社会主义制度的优越性,而2007年颁布的《劳动合同法》、《就业促进法》、《劳动争议调解仲裁法》更加丰富和健全了我国劳动法律体系。今后我们应在民主立法、科学立法的原则指导下,尽快制订出《工资法》、《劳动保护法》、《劳动监察法》等相关法律,构建和谐的劳动关系。     

Does founding team composition influence external investment? The role of founding team prior experience and founder CEO

The Journal of Technology Transfer - Entrepreneurship research examines the nature and diversity of founding teams’ prior experience to understand its influence on the new ventures’...