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1.
This study considers the degree to which the crime rates of US cities follow a uniform national trend. A nationwide trend
has consequences for theories that explain aggregate changes in crime, but how closely subnational units hold to a common
time path has received almost no research attention. Using annual panel data, the current study presents analyses that attempt
to measure the correspondence between city-level and national-level crime rates. The results of each analysis are consistent
with a clear single pattern that operates across the nation’s major urban areas. This supports the idea that a meaningful
national trend exists, and it suggests the desirability of continuing efforts to explain it.
相似文献
David McDowallEmail: |
2.
Michael Levi 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2008,49(5):365-377
This article examines the media reportage of white-collar crimes, organised crimes and cybercrimes, principally in the British
but also in the US media. It illustrates the ways in which different newspapers depict crime seriousness and how some defendants
adapt to these portrayals. It examines competing explanatory models and suggests that although reportage has an ideological
component, ‘news values’ and production pressures as well as ‘action triggers’ such as prosecutions or regulatory interventions
are important.
相似文献
Michael LeviEmail: |
3.
Richard Rosenfeld 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2006,2(3):309-319
The National Research Council’s report on evaluating anticrime programs contains sensible suggestions for improving evaluation
research in criminal justice but neglects the important role of substantive theory in linking evaluations of anticrime initiatives
to variation in crime rates across time and place. A working knowledge of crime rates is essential for designing and evaluating
anticrime programs. This essay calls for the development of a policy evaluation infrastructure that would support the continuous
monitoring of crime rates, generate knowledge of crime-producing conditions, and link evaluation research findings to one
another and to expected policy outcomes, notably crime reduction.
相似文献
Richard RosenfeldEmail: |
4.
David S. Kirk 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2006,22(2):107-129
Both self-report and official crime data have known limitations, leading to the critical question as to whether inferences about the adolescent life-course of crime are different across these data sources. Using both official and self-report arrest data on a sample of subjects drawn from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) longitudinal cohort study, this paper examines the extent to which individual age-arrest curves are comparable across these data sources. Particular attention is given to examining whether criminal career dimensions, namely participation, frequency of arrest, age of onset, and continuity in behavior, are similar across data sources. Additionally, this paper examines whether the key predictors of youth crime (e.g., family processes, peer influence, and neighborhood disadvantage) function similarly across measurement types. Findings reveal that a sizable number of youth self-report being arrested without having a corresponding official arrest record, and a sizable proportion of those youth with an official arrest record fail to self-report that they had been arrested. Despite significant differences across the two arrest measures on many criminal career dimensions, the effects of family supervision, parent–child conflict, and neighborhood disadvantage operate similarly across data types.
相似文献
David S. KirkEmail: Phone: +1-202-492-0494 |
5.
Richard Rosenfeld 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2009,25(3):287-306
A question that emerges from recent research on the relationship between economic conditions and street crimes committed for
monetary gain concerns the effect of changing economic conditions on violent crime. I propose that the economy stimulates
violent crime indirectly through its effect on acquisitive crime. This hypothesis is evaluated in fixed-effects panel models
of change in acquisitive crime and homicide rates between 1970 and 2006. The analysis indicates that collective perceptions
of economic conditions have a significant effect on an index of acquisitive crime and an indirect effect, through acquisitive
crime, on homicide. Consistent with this result, the effect of collective economic perceptions is stronger for felony than
argument-related homicides. A promising focus for future research is the role of underground markets in the production of
both property and violent crime.
相似文献
Richard RosenfeldEmail: |
6.
Comparative studies of crime have persistently challenged and daunted criminology scholars. For criminologists studying Japan,
interest has traditionally been focused on the country’s much-heralded low crime rate. The current study examines white-collar
lawbreaking in both the United States and Japan, focusing on similarities and differences in culture, law, criminal justice
system response, corporate governance, and regulation. The study concludes that if Japan’s low crime rate is an enigma to
criminologists, then its ample amounts of white-collar and corporate crime appear that much more puzzling. Given that the
depth of the problem of white-collar crime goes far beyond adjudicated cases, Japan’s remarkably low rate of common crime
is likely eclipsed by its rate of white-collar and corporate crime. The study concludes that the different legal and cultural
contexts of the “law in inaction” go far in explaining the official nonrecognition of white-collar and corporate crime in
both the United States and Japan.
相似文献
Henry N. PontellEmail: |
7.
Walter DeKeseredy Joseph F. Donnermeyer Martin D. Schwartz Kenneth D. Tunnell Mandy Hall 《Critical Criminology》2007,15(4):295-311
After decades of neglect, a growing number of scholars have turned their attention to issues of crime and criminal justice
in the rural context. Despite this improvement, rural crime research is underdeveloped theoretically, and is little informed
by critical criminological perspectives. In this article, we introduce the broad tenets of a multi-level theory that links
social and economic change to the reinforcement of rural patriarchy and male peer support, and in turn, how they are linked
to separation/divorce sexual assault. We begin by addressing a series of misconceptions about what is rural, rural homogeneity
and commonly held presumptions about the relationship of rurality, collective efficacy (and related concepts) and crime. We
conclude by recommending more focused research, both qualitative and quantitative, to uncover specific link between the rural
transformation and violence against women.
This paper was presented at the 2006 annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Los Angeles, California. Some
of the research reported here was supported by National Institute of Justice Grant 2002-WG-BX-0004 and financial assistance
provided by the College of Arts and Sciences and the Office of the Vice President for Research at Ohio University. Arguments
and findings included in this article are those of the authors and do not represent the official position of the US Department
of Justice or Ohio University. Please send all correspondence to Walter S. DeKeseredy, e-mail: walter.dekeseredy@uoit.ca.
All of the names of the women who participated in DeKeseredy and colleagues’ rural Ohio study and who are quoted have been
changed to maintain confidentiality.
相似文献
Walter DeKeseredy (Corresponding author)Email: |
Joseph F. DonnermeyerEmail: |
Martin D. SchwartzEmail: |
Kenneth D. TunnellEmail: |
Mandy HallEmail: |
8.
The rapid economic growth in China over recent decades has been accompanied by higher levels of crime, but there have been
few studies of the Chinese experience of criminal victimization. A recent victimization survey of a representative sample
of households in Tianjin represents a major effort to fill this gap in the literature. The present paper reviews the research
based on the Tianjin survey along with other studies of crime and criminal victimization in China that have been published
since 1990. We summarize the major findings, discuss the theoretical perspectives and methodological strategies that have
been applied, identify the limitations of the research to date, and offer suggestions for future research.
相似文献
Yue Zhuo (Corresponding author)Email: |
Steven F. MessnerEmail: |
Lening ZhangEmail: |
9.
Hazel Croall 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2009,51(1):127-146
Consumers have long been recognized as one of the major groups of victims of white collar and corporate crime, although many
of the activities which harm them are not widely regarded as ‘crime’. They tend to attract less publicity, and have been subject
to less academic research, particularly in comparison with major financial frauds or cases involving mass harms. Moreover,
there has been a tendency to view consumers as a relatively undifferentiated group, all of whom are likely to be victimized.
This article identifies a wide range of crimes which affect consumers and explores some of the characteristics of victims
and offenders, arguing that while all consumers are at risk, the impact of consumer crime, like other forms of crime, reflects
wider patterns of structural inequality and falls most severely on the most disadvantaged.
相似文献
Hazel CroallEmail: |
10.
Offender profiling postulates that crime scene behavior should predict certain offender characteristics. The aim of this study
is to investigate the relationship between offender characteristics, situational factors, and body disposal patterns. Sequential
logistic regression analysis on a sample of 85 sexual murderers shows that those who were in a relationship at the time of
the crime and who present organized psychological characteristics are more likely to move the victim’s body after the homicide.
However, when the victim is older and a conflict with the offender occurred prior to the crime, the body is more likely to
be left at the crime scene. Implications for offender profiling are discussed in light of the results.
相似文献
Eric BeauregardEmail: |
11.
Jan Van Dijk 《Trends in Organized Crime》2007,10(4):39-56
This study develops a causal model of the independent effect of organized crime, rule of law, and corruption on national wealth.
To measure the level of organized crime a Composite Organized Crime Index (COCI) is constructed combining data on the perceived
prevalence of organized crime, unsolved homicides, grand corruption, money-laundering and the extent of the black economy,
drawing on the World Economic Forum’s annual surveys among CEOs of larger companies, the Merchant International Group’s assessments
of investment risks in 150 countries, studies by the World Bank Institute, and official crime statistics. The findings of
the explorative analysis show that a political strategy of tolerating activities of local criminal groups in the hope of beneficial
effects on the wealth of a nation is unlikely to bring the expected results. Although some types of organized crime may bring
in significant revenues, tolerating Mafia-type activities implies letting the Trojan horse of racketeering and grand corruption
into the walls of government.
相似文献
Jan Van DijkEmail: |
12.
Spatio-Temporal Interaction of Urban Crime 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
Over the past decade, a renewed interest in the analysis of crime hot-spots has emerged in the social and behavioral sciences.
Spurred by improvements in computing power, data visualization and geographic information systems, numerous innovative approaches
have materialized for identifying areas of elevated crime in urban environments. Unfortunately, many hot-spot analysis techniques
treat the spatial and temporal aspects of crime as distinct entities, thus ignoring the necessary interaction of space and
time to produce criminal opportunities. The purpose of this paper is to explore the utility of statistical measures for identifying
and comparing the spatio-temporal footprints of robbery, burglary and assault. Functional and visual comparisons for spatio-temporal
clusters are analyzed across a range of space–time values using a comprehensive database of crime events for Cincinnati, Ohio.
Empirical results suggest that robbery, burglary and assault have dramatically different spatio-temporal signatures.
相似文献
Tony H. GrubesicEmail: |
13.
Shaun Whitehead Jen Mailley Ian Storer John McCardle George Torrens Graham Farrell 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2008,14(1):39-60
Anti-theft designs relating to mobile phones are reviewed. The physical and electronic design of handsets includes visual
deterrents, owner-identification, and handset tracking options. The systems design of phone networks includes the blacklisting
of stolen phones. Other measures include biometric-locking of handsets, and designs that encourage ‘safe’ phone use and transportation.
Characteristics that promote anti-theft designs are proposed and form the acronym ‘IN SAFE HANDS’: identifiable, neutral,
seen, attached, findable, executable, hidden, automatic, necessary, detectable, and secure. The set of characteristics is
presented as a heuristic device to aid designing-out crime from frequently stolen electronic goods.
相似文献
Graham FarrellEmail: |
14.
John F. Wozniak 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2009,51(1):189-203
During the past decade, there was a resurgent tendency in criminology to explain emerging patterns of crime within the United
States by referring solely to dysfunctional families or dysfunctional individuals. Other criminologists questioned these latter
approaches as detaching individuals and crime from the social institutions that envelope them. In light of this recent attempt
to link crime to social institutions, it seems fruitful to revisit the work of one of the most astute analysts of institutional
structure: C. Wright Mills. Hence, this article begins with an overview of Mills’ sociological perspective and then shows
how it provides useful insights into institutional sources of illegal behavior. The article also illustrates ways the Millsian
perspective can be directly applied to an analysis of corporate crime in relation to other forms of crime emanating from the
structure of contemporary U.S. society. After that, the article explores how the Millsian perspective can broaden understanding
of the growing decline of ethics within America’s leading industries, governmental agencies, and the justice system. The article
concludes by addressing policy implications, particularly in regard to the prospects of linking the Millsian perspective with
basic tenets of peacemaking criminology.
相似文献
John F. WozniakEmail: |
15.
A substantial body of empirical research examines how the huge expansion in incarceration in the United States since the early
1970s has influenced crime. These studies merge the effects of three conceptually distinct paths by which incarceration might
reduce crime: general deterrence, specific deterrence and incapacitation. This issue of the Journal focuses specifically on
the incapacitation path. This Introduction reviews the individual papers and offers the editors’ judgment as to the plausibility
of progress using different research strategies. It emphasizes the potential for using individual level data to take advantage
of natural experiments.
相似文献
Peter ReuterEmail: |
16.
Peter Alan Sproat 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2007,47(3):169-184
This paper describes the UK’s anti-money laundering and asset recovery laws and the aims and objectives behind the regime
since the introduction of the Proceeds of Crime Act in 2002. It then evaluates the regime in terms of the amount of criminal
assets recovered, its application against organised crime and its impact upon the price of illegal drugs.
相似文献
Peter Alan SproatEmail: |
17.
Alessandra Ceccarelli 《Trends in Organized Crime》2007,10(3):19-36
This paper investigates the role of transnational organized crime in the democratisation process in the Central Asian area.
It examines the inherent connections that exist between the leading tribal families, political elites and organized crime,
and explores how criminal networks have proliferated in society and consequently in politics. The complete absence of a ruling
élite and striking economic issues left unsolved were the legacy that Soviet rule would leave to the newly independent Central
Asian Republics. After the fall of the former Soviet Union other, more profitable forms of transnational organized crime flourished.
According to the official statistics of the UNODC and the American State Department, 92% of the world’s heroin is produced
in Afghanistan. Of this, around 65% is smuggled into Europe and America along the Silk Road, and therefore through the five
Central Asian Republics and Russia. High levels of corruption in Central Asia heavily affect political and economic life.
The economies of the region have progressively become dominated by criminal activity with smuggling, trafficking and other
activities linked to transnational organized crime as the major source of income. Central Asia’s strategic location makes
this a global security concern.
相似文献
Alessandra CeccarelliEmail: |
18.
Not ‘Islands,Entire of Themselves’: Exploring the Spatial Context of City-level Robbery Rates 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Glenn Deane Steven F. Messner Thomas D. Stucky Kelly McGeever Charis E. Kubrin 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2008,24(4):363-380
The current study examines spatial dependence in robbery rates for a sample of 1,056 cities with 25,000 or more residents
over the 2000–2003 period. Although commonly considered in some macro-level research, spatial processes have not been examined
in relation to city-level variation in robbery. The results of our regression analyses suggest that city robbery rates are
not spatially independent. We find that spatial dependence is better accounted for by spatial error models than by spatial
lag models. Further exploration of various spatial weights matrices indicates that robbery rates of cities within the same
state are related to robbery rates of other cities within the same state, regardless of their proximity. Our analyses illustrate
how systematic inquiry into spatial processes can alert researchers to important omitted variable biases and identify intriguing
problems for future research.
相似文献
Glenn DeaneEmail: |
19.
Illegality does not necessarily breed violence. The relationship between illicit markets and violence depends on institutions
of protection. When state-sponsored protection rackets form, illicit markets can be peaceful. Conversely, the breakdown of
state-sponsored protection rackets, which may result from well-meaning policy reforms intended to improve law enforcement,
can lead to violence. The cases of drug trafficking in contemporary Mexico and Burma show how a focus on the emergence and
breakdown of state-sponsored protection rackets helps explain variation in levels of violence both within and across illicit
markets.
相似文献
Richard Snyder (Corresponding author)Email: |
Angelica Duran-MartinezEmail: |
20.
The Indian subcontinent was under British colonial rule for over two centuries until 1947. To administer the large country
and its diverse population, the British designed a criminal justice administrative system which played a key role in maintaining
their dominance and hegemony. In particular, the police organization, largely composed of natives, furthered the goals of
colonial dominance through its functions of order maintenance, crime control, and surveillance. This paper, using Gramsci’s
conception of hegemony and Foucault’s study of disciplining and control, analyzes the important role that the police played
in maintaining British rule in India.
相似文献
T. K. Vinod KumarEmail: |