Osteoporosis associated with the treatment of paraphilias: a clinical review of seven case reports

Osteoporosis and long-term androgen suppression in the treatment of paraphilias has been documented with surgical castration and the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists. The literature has suggested that the use of cyproterone acetate (CPA) may be protective against osteoporosis, although there are case reports of osteoporosis in men treated with CPA. This pilot study represents a case series of seven patients diagnosed with severe paraphilias and treated with CPA, leuprolide, or surgical castration. Two of the four patients treated with CPA developed significant osteoporosis, while the other two had normal bone density studies. The remaining three patients, one treated with leuprolide and two with surgical castration, had osteopenia. Based upon the current literature, the finding of significant osteoporosis in two of four patients treated with CPA, but not those treated with leuprolide or castration, is surprising. Monitoring of all patients treated with long-term androgen suppression for osteoporosis is suggested.     

"无讼"法律文化与中国公众的法律认同

"无讼"作为中国传统法律文化的重要价值取向,对当代中国公众的法律认同,产生了许多方面的消极影响,从而导致公众的狭隘工具性法律认同、单一性法律认同和对法律的不认同.但同时,"无讼"法律文化对当代中国公众的法律认同,也有许多方面的积极影响和有益的启示.它对社会安定与秩序的追求,是人们产生法律认同的基本前提.我们可以批判地借鉴它对传统道德、民间习惯等社会调节手段的运用,从而建立法律的内在权威,促进公众的自觉认同;它所推行的多规则统治模式,有利于我们避免"法律万能主义"的非理性认同,建立对法律的理性认同.我们在法治化进程中,要坚持"权利本位"的宗旨,提供良好法律产品;执政党和政府要厉行法治,做法律认同的典范;进一步促进国家法律对民间规则、习俗的认可、接纳力度,使法律成为公众内心习惯的一部分,增强法律的亲和力.     

Family Law,Parents with Disabilities,and the Americans with Disabilities Act

Parents with disabilities contend with bias within the family law system, often threatening their custody and visitation rights. The overarching goal of this article is to explore the experiences of parents with disabilities involved in custody and visitation disputes and the application of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in these cases. This article begins with an overview of parents with disabilities and their interactions with the family law system. Next, the article examines the ADA and its applicability to custody and visitation disputes. Finally, the article offers thoughts about strategies that can be utilized by attorneys to ensure that the rights of parents with disabilities are protected.     

Visualizing Indented Writing on Thermal Paper by the Controlled Application of Heat

Indented writing on thermal paper made with either one, two, or three sheets of paper above the thermal paper has been visualized by the controlled application of heat to the thermal paper at temperatures below the paper's normal color change temperature. Indentations created by applying a variable pressure to a steel letter stamp showed that, with one sheet above the thermal paper, indentations were more visible at lower pressures than with either two or three sheets above. Handwriting from 20 volunteers produced indented writing graded with most of the text clear and easy to read for all samples with one sheet above, half the samples with two sheets above and eight samples with three sheets above. Comparison with ESDA showed that, with three sheets above, there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01), with heating producing more samples than ESDA with most of the text clear and easy to read.     

刑事政策的精神:惩治犯罪与促进社会发展的统一

惩治犯罪与促进社会发展的统一是刑事政策的精神。新中国成立以来,随着情势变迁,刑事政策审时而变。新中国的基本刑事政策经历了由"镇压与宽大相结合"至"惩办与宽大相结合",再至"宽严相济"的演进历程。镇压与宽大相结合刑事政策,主要针对反革命分子适用,其精神内涵是:镇压反革命,巩固新政权;恢复国民经济,保障三大改造。惩办与宽大相结合刑事政策则适用于所有的犯罪分子,并成为新中国第一部刑法典的立法指针,其精神内涵是:惩治各类犯罪,保障改革开放。在构建"和谐社会"的语境下,宽严相济的刑事政策应运而生,其精神内涵是:打击犯罪与保障人权相统一;以宽济严,构建和谐社会。三种基本刑事政策,不仅仅是在时间上的接续,而且就具体精神内涵而言,后者都是对前者的传承与超越,但总体精神都是惩治犯罪与促进社会发展相统一。     

CURRENT TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHINESE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES

The Law on the Protection of Disabled Persons is the first social security legislation in China, with more than 50 laws directly related to the legal protection of the rights of persons with disabilities and career development for people with disabilities. In terms of employment protections for people with disabilities, it is important to focus on effective legal implementation, utilizing legal rulings to limit employment discrimination against people with disabilities. Educational protections are an important precondition for enabling people with disabilities to live with dignity; it should be guaranteed that people with disabilities are provided “reasonable accommodation” in educational conditions. A barrier-free environment is a necessary condition for social integration of people with disabilities. At the same time, it also benefits other members of the society such as the elderly. Through rehabilitation and exercise, most people with disabilities can return to the society to a significant degree. China should gradually expand the legislative scope of rehabilitation service fee reductions and legal categories of auxiliary appliances, issuing guiding documents that provide specifications for the relevant “dormant” legal provisions.     

NORMLESSNESS,POWERLESSNESS, AND TROUBLE WITH THE LAW*

This paper examines the conditions under which normlessness leads to trouble with the law and the mechanisms through which social structure affects trouble with the law. Objective conditions of structural inconsistency, common in low socioeconomic positions, can lead to normlessness. The results presented here show that the association of normlessness and trouble with the law depends on whether normlessness is combined with a sense of powerlessness or with one of instrumentalism. Among persons who see themselves as powerless, normlessness is not associated with trouble with the law. Among persons who see themselves as instrumental, normlessness is associated with greater trouble with the law.     

从规范执法到诉讼证据——以检察机关侦查讯问全程同步录音录像为视角

检察机关讯问犯罪嫌疑人全程同步录音录像在刑事诉讼中具有证据的属性,而且,不会突破现行法定证据种类。赋予全程同步录音录像证据效力,对检察机关既是机遇,也有挑战。赋予全程同步录音录像证据资格,必须规范全程同步录音录像的制作过程,确立统一的技术规范、确定事前告知义务、完善始后全程和档案保存制度等。全程同步录音录像作为证据,基于其特殊性,应该在示证提起权、举示决定权、示证过程等方面作特别规定。     

Light-microscopic examination of ABH and Lewis antigens in human tracheal and epiglottic glands using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique

The localization of ABH and Lewis antigens was examined in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human tracheal and epiglottic glands using monoclonal anti A, B, H, Lea and Leb antibodies. The mucous cells of the glands showed reactivity with antibodies corresponding to the respective ABO blood groups of the tissue donors. The mucous cells from one blood group A, Le(a-b-) individual showed no reactivity with any antibodies and those from another blood group A, Le(a-b-) individual showed reactivity only with anti A antibody. In individuals from blood group Le(a + b-) of all ABO groups, the mucous cells reacted exclusively with anti Lea. In blood group O, Le(a-b+) individuals, the mucous cells showed intense reaction with anti H and Leb antibodies and weak to moderate reactivity with anti Lea. In Le(a-b+) individuals of A1, B and A1B blood groups, the mucous cells showed strong reactivity with anti A and/or B antibodies, moderate with anti Leb, weak or no activity with anti Lea and absent with anti H. In blood group A2 Le(a-b+) individuals, the mucous cells stained with anti A were weakly stained or completely unstained with anti H antibody, but cells negative with anti A gave strong positive reactions with anti H antibody.     

中国特色社会主义法治理论:思想根基、主要特性与学科定位

中国特色社会主义法治理论作为中国特色社会主义法治体系的理论化表达,作为一种新型的理论形态,可以从三个方面来认知。首先,从思想源流来看,马克思主义法律思想是中国特色社会主义法治理论的思想根基。其次,从理论个性来看,中国特色社会主义法治理论的主要特性包括中国性、政治性与学术性。从学科定位来看,中国特色社会主义法治理论既是法学学科体系中的一个组成部分,同时也代表了法治理论谱系中的一种最新形态。把握中国特色社会主义法治理论的思想根基、主要特性与学科定位,既是创新和发展中国特色社会主义法治理论的前提,也是坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系的前提。     

全球化、身份政治与法律

美国弗吉尼亚理工大学校园枪击案引发了身份对当代人和当代社会深刻影响实施的思考。身份的连带责任效应表明,拥有某种身份的人所实施的违反道德或法律的行为必然会连累到其他拥有相同身份的人。身份的搭便车效应表明,拥有某种身份的人所做出的高尚或伟大的行为可能会惠及到其他拥有相同身份的人。身份的刻板印象效应表明,社会上形成的对某一身份的刻板印象会影响拥有该身份的个人的命运和社会地位。法律上的很多制度,包括连带责任制度、结社自由制度、反歧视制度等,与身份的这些效应和影响之间存在着密切的关系。     

Elderly widows and widowers and their coresidents in late 19th- and early 20th-century England and Wales

This article examines the family and household patterns of widowers and widows in England and Wales between 1891 and 1921 in terms of the proportion of widowers and widows who lived with never- or ever-married children, servants, or inmates, with nonrelatives only, or on their own. The absence of marked change between 1891 and 1921 in the frequency with which elderly widowers and widows lived with a married or never-married child are in line with the Laslett [J. Fam. Hist. 12 (1987) 263.] expectation that family patterns evolve only slowly, certainly much slower than the forces of political and economic change. Where changes can be detected, as in the decline in frequency of coresidence with servants or inmates, these changes were experienced by the younger as well as the older widowed and by married people. Apparently, the residence patterns of the elderly widowed changed due to the introduction of means-tested old-age pensions in 1910. A second investigated is the extent to which the socioeconomic environment influenced the residence patterns of the widowed in a given time period. The effect in general proves to be weak with little difference between one environment and another in the frequency with which widowers coresided with their children and evidence of gender balancing of the household (relatively more widows living with sons and more widowers with daughters) visible only in agricultural environments.     

颅脑损伤血浆降钙素基因相关肽含量变化及法医学意义

目的研究颅脑损伤患者血浆中降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）水平变化,观察其与颅脑损伤之间的关系并探讨其在颅脑损伤中的作用。方法40例脑外伤患者,其中轻中型（GCS评分9～15分）、重型（GCS评分3～8分）各20例。采用酶联免疫法测定患者伤后第1、3、5、7d及25例体检健康的志愿者血浆中CGRP水平。结果颅脑损伤患者与正常对照组比较血浆中CGRP水平明显增高,除轻中度组第7d外,均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）;且重度组在3d内高于轻中度组,有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论颅脑损伤者CGRP水平增高,且因病情加重会进一步升高,但随时间的延长有下降趋势。     

海洋命运共同体思想的内涵和实践路径

海洋命运共同体思想是人类命运共同体思想在海洋领域的细化,反映了国际海洋法的发展趋势和价值目标。它创造性的继承并发展了和而不同思想以及共同体思想,为全球海洋治理提供了新的价值指引。海洋命运共同体是共同体成员基于海洋共识和共同的海洋利益产生认同感和归属感,通过在海洋领域的共同合作形成的联合体,包括海洋政治、安全、经济、文化和生态命运共同体。中国在区域可以通过实施多边海洋行动,构建区域海洋命运共同体,实现区域合作关系的升级。海洋命运共同体是超越民族和国家的海洋观,中国在全球可以通过构建海上丝路命运共同体、提升国际制度性话语权和形成国际海洋法律新制度来践行海洋命运共同体思想。     

Perception of and Satisfaction with Relationship Power,Sex, and Attachment Styles: A Couples Level Analysis

Eighty heterosexual dating couples provided information about their gender, individual histories of abuse in their current relationship, attachment styles, perception of and satisfaction with relationship power. Partner report of physical abuse was the dependent variable. APIM actor results suggest that an individual's gender interacts with perceived level of relationship power and satisfaction with relationship power for physical abuse. Both dimensions of attachment interacted with perceived relationship power for physical abuse. Partner effects were also found. One's partner's sex interacted with perceived power and satisfaction with relationship power. Finally, the partner's avoidant attachment interacted with satisfaction with relationship power. These findings generally replicate and extend the work of H. M. Ronfeldt, R. Kimerling, and I. Arias (1998, J. Marriage Fam. 60: 70–78) by showing how attachment styles, perception of relationship power, and satisfaction with relationship power are related in predicting aggression against a romantic partner.     

三联体亲权指数的统一算法及其扩展应用

目的介绍一种在生母参与情形下,孩子与被鉴定人间常用亲缘关系指数的统一算法。方法以计算三联体亲权指数（paternity index in trios,PIT）的公式为基础,分析不同亲缘关系指数计算公式中的公因子,并以此公因子对不同情形下PIT计算公式进行统一描述,采用叔伯指数定律和亲缘系数（r）将上述PIT统一计算公式扩展至祖孙、半同胞、叔侄及第一代堂兄弟等不同情形下的亲缘关系指数的运算。结果以状态一致性等位基因的频率倒数加1为公因子,在引入亲缘系数（r）的情形下,获得了可计算在生母参与时,孩子与被鉴定人间任意亲缘关系指数的两个公式。结论在生母参与情形下,孩子与被鉴定人间亲缘关系指数的统一算法简化了运算过程,有利于编程实现批量计算。     

慢性乙醇中毒脑β-淀粉样前体蛋白与外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血死亡的关系

目的观察大鼠慢性乙醇中毒下脑组织轻微伤后β-淀粉样前体蛋白(β-amyloid precursor protein,β-APP)的表达,探讨乙醇中毒与外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血(traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage,TSAH)死亡的相关性。方法雄性SD大鼠60只,随机分为灌水组、灌水打击组、灌酒组、灌酒打击组。灌酒组以食用酒连续灌胃4周,打击组予脑震荡打击,各组大鼠脑组织行HE、免疫组织化学染色,组织病理图像系统量化分析检测结果。结果灌水组脑无异常;灌水打击组全脑神经元轻度水样变性;灌酒组脑表面可见血管纹理,神经纤维排列稍疏松、间隙增大;灌酒打击组脑表面弥漫性淤血,脑干周围多见厚层斑片状TSAH,轴索不规则断裂。灌酒组额叶、海马、小脑、脑干β-APP IOD值高于灌水打击组及灌酒打击组。结论慢性乙醇中毒脑组织的耐受性明显下降,轻微损伤情况下即可引起致死性TSAH和神经病理学变化。     

Rapid isolation with Sep-Pak C18 cartridges and wide-bore capillary gas chromatography of organophosphate pesticides

A simple and rapid method for isolation of eleven organophosphate pesticides with Sep-Pak C18 cartridges from human urine and plasma, is presented. The detection of the pesticides was made by wide-bore capillary gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection. The pesticide-containing samples, after mixing with water, were directly applied to the cartridges and eluted with chloroform/isopropanol (9:1). The recoveries with use of the cartridges were excellent for most pesticides. Separation of each pesticide peak from each other and from impurities on the gas chromatograms was also satisfactory with use of non-polar and slightly polar capillary columns. The isolation method with use of the cartridges, together with the wide-bore capillary GC, seems very useful in forensic and environmental chemistry and clinical toxicology.     

Elderly widows and widowers and their coresidents in late 19th- and early 20th-century England and Wales

This article examines the family and household patterns of widowers and widows in England and Wales between 1891 and 1921 in terms of the proportion of widowers and widows who lived with never- or ever-married children, servants, or inmates, with nonrelatives only, or on their own. The absence of marked change between 1891 and 1921 in the frequency with which elderly widowers and widows lived with a married or never-married child are in line with the Laslett [J. Fam. Hist. 12 (1987) 263.] expectation that family patterns evolve only slowly, certainly much slower than the forces of political and economic change. Where changes can be detected, as in the decline in frequency of coresidence with servants or inmates, these changes were experienced by the younger as well as the older widowed and by married people. Apparently, the residence patterns of the elderly widowed changed due to the introduction of means-tested old-age pensions in 1910. A second investigated is the extent to which the socioeconomic environment influenced the residence patterns of the widowed in a given time period. The effect in general proves to be weak with little difference between one environment and another in the frequency with which widowers coresided with their children and evidence of gender balancing of the household (relatively more widows living with sons and more widowers with daughters) visible only in agricultural environments.     

Scientific research groups’ cooperation with firms and government agencies: motivations and barriers

The behavior of academic researchers who engage in cooperation with industrial partners has already been the subject of considerable research. A lack of understanding exists regarding the motivations of scientific research groups to engage in cooperation with other types of external non-academic organizations and the perceived barriers that may inhibit this activity. In this paper we analyse the motivations and perceptions of risks that shape scientific research groups’ cooperation with industry and government partners. We find that motivations to cooperate are partly dependent on the type of partner organization involved, with advancing research goals mainly acting as an inducement to cooperate with government agencies, while searching for opportunities to apply knowledge motivates partnerships with firms. We also find that the majority of research groups cooperate with both firms and government, with their major motivation being to apply their knowledge. Among research groups that only cooperate with firms, interaction effects between motivations influence the likelihood of cooperation. Research groups do not consider risk to scientific autonomy a barrier to cooperating with firms, while risk to scientific credibility inhibits cooperation independently of the type of external partner. However, being motivated to advance research can reduce the effect of perceived barriers, independent of the type of partner organisation.