新企业会计准则对上市公司实务操作的影响

2006年2月,一份由财政部正式发布的,包括39项企业会计准则和48项注册会计师审计准则的中国新会计准则正式出台,并将于2007年1月1日首先在上市公司中推行。业内人士认为,新会计准则将带来“革命性的变化”。该文首先对新企业会计准则的主要内容体系进行了简要阐述,结合现行的企业会计准则阐述新旧会计准则的差异,并在此基础上针对新企业会计准则对上市公司实务操作的影响进行了详细分析。     

新会计准则下固定资产盘盈的会计处理方法

2006年2月15日,财政部正式发布了39项企业会计准则和48项注册会计师审计准则,新的会计审计准则体系在2007年1月1日起施行.它的实施极大提高我国会计信息的质量.同时,新会计准则也给我们一线从事会计教学的教师综合能力的提高提出了更高的要求.在教学过程中对新会计准则中有关固定资产盘盈会计处理方法感觉尤为科学,也便于学生理解掌握.     

新会计准则对商业银行会计的挑战

新会计准则作为我国会计政策的一项重要变革,不仅仅是具体会计事项的处理方法的变化,而且是会计理念的根本性革新。新准则的实施对各行各业都有影响,商业银行也不例外。商业银行应对挑战的对策建议有三:建立建全新会计准则体系贯彻落实的配套制度;完善风险管理体系;积极开展交流与合作。     

浅谈新形势下的会计教育

通过对我国会计环境和会计教育不足的分析指出：我国的会计教育应该依据新会计准则,定位新教学内容;重视国际会计准则的学习和思考;理论联系实际,完善实践教学。     

会计准则的新变化及对会计信息质量的影响

会计信息的质量是会计工作领域长期关注的问题,其最基础的因素是会计准则及制度建设的状况.本文结合新颁布的企业会计准则,评价其变化,并阐明了这些变化对提高会计信息质量的意义.     

上市公司治理准则的中外比较研究

2002年中国证监会和国家经贸委合发布的《上市公司治理准则》反映了我国对上市公司治理改进的高度重视。通过与发达国家的上市公司治理准则比较发现,我国上市公司治理准则虽然已基本涵盖了先进的公司治理理念和内容,但却因为其强制性而在法律性质上与域外各国的公司治理准则存在本质区别。     

会计准则变迁对上市公司盈余质量的影响研究——来自上市公司的经验数据

会计准则变迁会改变上市公司盈余管理的手段,与之相应的盈余质量如何变化是会计信息使用者需面对的重要问题。本文建立了以操控性应计利润、盈余平滑、夸大盈余和避免亏损的多方面评价盈余质量的体系。研究结果标明,上司公司的盈余管理行为具有普遍性,且2007年度执行新会计准则后的盈余质量与以前三个会计年度相比有下降趋势。     

新资产减值会计准则的不足及完善

新资产减值会计准则与旧准则相比虽有了较大的进步,但在实施过程中仍然暴露出许多不足,这些不足包括:资产组划分标准不明晰,资产减值确认和计量难度大,资产减值损失转回存在问题,资产减值信息的披露不够全面,外部监管难度大等.为此,应进一步完善相关法律法规.健全财务预算制度和内部会计控制制度,发展资产信息市场和价格市场,建立公司内、外部的治理结构.提高会计人员的素质和职业判断能力,加强对资产减值准备的审计.     

论会计准则的法律地位

会计准则的目的主要是为了从外部调和会计师职业群体自身无法解决的内在利益矛盾,从而起到保护投资者的利益免受不良会计实务损害的目的。确定会计准则的法律地位需要从目标、性质、导向等多方面因素予以考虑。由于会计准则客观上无法实现结果的正义,并且即便在程序正义面前,其也要受制于制订者对准则本身导向性选择和法治环境的影响。因此会计准则并无法真正达到对其目的的实现。在我国现实的环境下,主张遵守会计准则作为会计师的免责事由并不可取。     

投资性房地产:处置·核算·建议

投资性房地产会计准则颁布近六年来,已在我国上市公司及大中型国有企业广泛采用。作为一种经营性活动,在投资性房地产实务处理过程中,仍存在一些问题值得思考。比如该准则要求企业在投资性房地产处置即终止确认时,要将处置该投资性房地产收入扣除其账面价值和相关税费后的金额计入到其他业务收入和成本。此业务处理还有待于进一步商榷,由于投资性房地产处置更符合利得和损失的定义,因此投资性房地产的处置核算中出现的净损益应计入利得或损失,而不应计入收入和成本。     

Failure of auditors: The lack of compliance for business combinations in China

This empirical study investigates the compliance of 344 Chinese listed companies with the Accounting Standard for Enterprises No. 20‐Business Combination, a mandatory reporting standard applicable to companies involved in business combinations. China has recently reformed its auditing sector, enabling private firms to provide auditing services. The results of the study show a low level of compliance by Chinese listed companies. While companies audited by Chinese domestic auditors have significantly lower compliance than companies audited by Big Four auditors on supplementary disclosure that is mandatory under the Chinese accounting standards, compliance remains low even after companies receive unqualified reports from these international auditors. There appears to be a lack of commitment, and possibly expertise, among Big Four auditors, in fully applying the reporting requirements of the business combination standard in a Chinese setting. This raises concerns about the independence of Chinese auditing in disclosing reliable information about business combinations. Broader theoretical contributions of the paper go beyond the Chinese context by problematizing whether well‐resourced international auditors uphold internationally expected standards or succumb to local non‐compliant practices.     

The contribution of international accounting standards to implementing NPM in developing and developed countries

In recent years, numerous countries have undertaken administrative reforms to implement New Public Management (NPM) postulates. The implementation of NPM involves new information needs for decision taking by public managers. In this context, public sector accounting plays a key role as an information system for the successful implementation of NPM. The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) is undertaking an international accounting harmonisation project to establish high‐quality public sector standards to meet the new information requirements under NPM worldwide. This article examines the capability of IFAC accounting measurement bases to meet information needs under NPM postulates, in both developing and developed countries, analysing the differences between these types of countries. The National Accounting Standard Setters (NASS) of 47 countries were asked about the usefulness and viability of Fair Value Accounting (FVA) to implement NPM postulates, especially those concerning improved efficiency, enhanced information transparency and benchmarking analysis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The enabling role of institutional entrepreneurs in the adoption of IPSAS within a transitional economy: The case of Estonia

In the light of neoinstitutional theory and by adopting case study research methodology, this article explains the adoption of International Public Sector Accounting Standards for modernizing public sector accounting in Estonia. This article reveals that the smooth—yet gradual—adoption of International Public Sector Accounting Standards‐compliant accounting systems was enabled by the involvement of powerful actors (i.e., institutional entrepreneurs) with foreign and/or business backgrounds. In addition, the change in public sector accounting in Estonia was facilitated by the developments in its international positioning, characterized by the transition from a Soviet communist to a market economy and subsequent European Union membership and by the absence of past accounting practices, which could potentially hinder the change.     

Global Regulation and Institutional Change in European Governance

The literature on institutional innovation in European governance has been dominated by an inward-looking focus on the European integration process. However, in the context of a highly integrated and interdependent world, it is not possible to understand the evolution of European governance without taking into account developments in the international institutional environment. This article aims to contribute to the study of the interaction between global and European modes of governance by examining the impact of EU's engagement with the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), and its predecessor the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) on the institutions of European accounting regulation. Following an analysis of the politics of international accounting harmonisation, it is demonstrated that EU's decisions to adopt the standards produced by the IASB, and to establish a new, differentiated European accounting regulatory mechanism, were driven by its desire to bolster European influence in the context of the IASC/IASB.     

Chinese MNCs as China’s New Long March: A Review and Critique of the Western Literature

Chinese outward foreign direct investment (COFDI) has captured the imagination of international business academics, journalists, and analysts of Chinese foreign economic policy. While these students of COFDI have added greatly to our knowledge, they have not adequately considered the politico-economy of COFDI. Specifically, they have not sufficiently evaluated the degree to which COFDI is driven by political versus economic considerations, the extent to which political considerations influence the overseas operations of Chinese multinational corporations (MNCs), or the political ramifications of COFDI for host countries, international institutions, or China’s interactions with third parties. Reviewing the Western literature, this article provides useful background information about COFDI, distills two general schools of thought about the politico-economy of COFDI—i.e., the “Beijing as Puppeteer” camp and the “Business of Business is Business” camp, and highlights a number of shortcomings with each. As well, it suggests a number of ways in which the extant literature can move forward and makes clear the importance of tracking the development of Chinese MNCs.     

Potential State Government Practices Impact of the New GASB Accounting Standard for Retiree Health Benefits

The Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) has adopted a new accounting standard for state and local government retiree healthcare benefits that, for many states, will require accrual accounting for such benefits for the first time. The purpose of this paper is to examine the recent reporting practices of state governments with respect to retiree health insurance programs sponsored by the states in order to determine the dimensions of potential state employer practices likely to be changed by the new Other Postemployment Benefits (OPEB) standard with respect to accounting for such state plans, as well as financing and offering such state plans.     

Exposure Draft, February 1981

Editor's Note: In February 1981 the Governmental Accounting Standards Board Organization Committee (GASBOC) recommended the establishment of a governmental accounting standards board. Its exposure draft will be the subject of intense examination in the coming months. Shortly after the draft was issued, the Financial Accounting Foundation, which is involved in accounting standards for private organizations, called for a single group to set standards for both public and private entities. Much more is involved than the jurisdictional issue of whether a single or a dual structure should be established for accounting standards. Once in operation, these standards will shape governmental accounting and reporting practices, much in the way that standards now dictate the accounting procedures of private firms. Many state and local governments will have to revamp their accounting structures in order to satisfy the new standards. At issue also is the question of whether standards should primarily satisfy the needs and interests of external users or those of the governmental unit. Should governments be accountable principally through the political process or through externally enforced rules? This question goes to the heart of American democracy. The way it is answered will not only influence financial management, but also the conduct and quality of government. In order to encourage informed debate, excerpts from berth the GASBOC exposure draft and the FAF statement are published here. In addition, a selected bibliography by James Chan should help readers work their way through the maze of accounting standards.     

GASB's Survival Potential: An Agency Theory Perspective

The primary objective of this article is to develop a framework for examining the survival or demise of an accounting standards setting body, with specific emphasis on analyzing the survival potential of the proposed GASB (Government Accounting Standards Board). In meeting this objective, we will first contrast the survival of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) with the demise of the Cost Accounting Standards Board (CASE), based on a framework derived from recent developments in agency theory.
The position taken in this article is neither that of an advocate nor an adversary of the various accounting regulatory bodies discussed. Instead, the authors' intent is to shed light on the complex issues surrounding the potential for survival of such bodies. An improved understanding of these issues should, in turn, permit a more enlightened analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of such bodies.     

对当前我国非公有制经济发展的分析与判断

新的形势促使我国非公有制企业与其他所有制企业联合,混合所有制企业将普遍存在;未来几年,我国一批非公有制企业将向科技型转型,并出现投资者的年轻化和高学历化、公司小型化、技术高级化、产业集群化;充分利用经济全球化的有利契机,非公有制企业也应“走出去”。     

The Pending Revolution in Federal Accounting Standards

Accounting standards constitute the body of guidance needed to provide coherence and direction to accountants on how to keep the books. They inform the accountant about the logic of the way that accounting data should be organized and displayed in order to maximize its value to the prospective user. (The prospective users, in the case of federal accounting, range from the president and Congress through agency managers to the general public.) Federal accounting standards are the equivalent, for accounting, of budget concepts for the federal budget. After a long genesis, federal accounting standards are in the midst of a revolution which, if it succeeds, will transform the way accounting reports on federal fiscal activities and how it relates to the federal budget. This article, written from the perspective of a budget concepts technician who has participated in this effort, reviews these developments and where they seem to be heading.