Great Power Struggles

International order is the norm,standards and corresponding guaranteeing mechanism,decision-making process,and rule of procedures established by members of the international system to coordinate and deal with various international affairs,in order to maintain stability and the normal operation of the international system.As an international public product,international order is usually supplied by the major actors of the international system,i.e.the great powers.     

从博拉尼奥斯总统向腐败宣战看尼加拉瓜各派间的较量

20 0 2年 3月 2 2日 ,尼加拉瓜司法总监署里亚斯法官授权对犯有欺骗、滥用公款和贪污公共财产罪的 8名前政府高官实施逮捕 ,并对前总统阿莱曼及上述合伙人立案 ,进行司法调查。司法总监署是博拉尼奥斯总统提议设立的机构。私人企业家出身的现总统博拉尼奥斯是这场反腐斗争的倡导者 ,他一再表示要把反腐斗争进行到底。但是现总统与前总统及其追随者之间的斗争涉及前任的和在任的许多要员 ,关系到各政党的利益 ,甚至关系到美国的反恐反毒战略 ,稍一不慎 ,就有可能触发国内政治危机。反对党桑解阵是两种力量争取的对象。2 0 0 2年 4～ 5月 ,前…     

国际恐怖与反恐怖斗争态势的变化

恐怖势力借助当前国际社会存在的诸多矛盾与冲突,不断调整其组织结构,采用多变的袭击方式与手段,使国际社会处于防不胜防困境.一些国家为确保本土免遭恐怖袭击,几乎倾力防范,但恐怖威胁仍有增无减.对整个国际社会而言,制约国际反恐合作的诸多因素,如双重标准等尤其亟待解决.     

Struggles of identity in the age of globalisation

Abstract

This article explores the intricate interrelationships between discourses on, struggles of, identity and the multiple processes associated with increasing globalisation in the modern age. Globalisation is often exclusively associated with worldwide economic integration and the emergence of a borderless global market. However, globalisation also involves sweeping changes on the social, cultural and political terrains. Globalisation furthermore entails apparently contradictory processes of, among other things, homogenisation and universalisation on the one hand and localisation and differensiation on the other. Various analysts point out that the often contradictory processes of globalisation have led to wide-ranging changes in the processes of identity formation that have, in turn, resulted not only in a flourishing of discourses on identity, but also in struggles of identity involving various minority and marginalised groups. Apart from exploring various definitions of identity, discourses and struggles of identity are discussed on five levels, namely the individual, subnational, national, supranational and global levels. Attention is given to the role of the media, information and communication technologies in these struggles and the implications for policy-making within the media and communications sector. The far-reaching implications for Africa, South Africa in particular, are also considered.     

Citizenship: a perverse confluence

This article discusses the different meanings that citizenship has assumed in Latin America in the past few decades. Its main argument is that, in the perverse confluence between neo-liberal and democratic participatory projects, the common reference to citizenship, used by different political actors, projects an apparent homogeneity, obscuring differences and diluting the conflict between those projects.     

非洲经济一体化五十年

以非洲统一组织成立为标志,非洲国家开始了独立以后探索经济一体化的进程。非洲大陆的经济一体化始终以泛非主义作为理论基础和指导思想。至今大约经历了两个历史阶段的发展,即1963～1991年的初始阶段和1991年至今的发展阶段。经过半个世纪的努力,非洲的经济一体化已经取得了可观的进展,诸如已经在全洲和次区域层面建立了比较健全的组织机构和运作制度、制定了经济一体化的路线图和时间表,在实践中取得了一定的进展,以及呈现出向更高层次发展的趋势等。然而,由于历史和现实的种种原因,非洲经济一体化面临许多问题和困难,因此至今仍然处于较低发展水平。     

New directions for pastoral development in Africa

The last few years have seen a major rethinking of some of the hallowed assumptions of range ecology and range-management practice. The usefulness of terms such as ‘vegetation succession?s, ‘carrying capacity?s, and ‘desertification?s is being reassessed, particularly for the dry rangelands which are dominated by highly variable rainfall and episodic, chance events such as drought. This article examines the management and policy implications of this thinking for pastoral development in dryland areas. It briefly examines the consequences of environmental variability for pastoral development planning, range and fodder management, drought responses, livestock marketing, resource tenure, institutional development, and pastoral administration. By offering new directions for development workers, researchers, and policy planners, the article illustrates, in practical terms, a future for pastoral development in dryland Africa that recognises both the importance of pastoral livelihoods and the significance of environmental variability.     

公民身份与欧洲集体认同

功能主义在过去 4 0年中一直主导着一体化进程 ,但如今其工具理性在一体化深化方面显得非常乏力。何以发掘一体化的深层动力 ?笔者认为体现价值理性的公民身份和集体认同的形成是摆脱当前理论和现实窘困的关键所在。公民身份和集体认同的形成代表了欧洲文明的有机生长和持续进化 ,集体身份的进化和最终形成附着于政治文化 ,而欧洲多元民主社会的统一政治文化的整合依赖于行政灌输和社会习得     

2005年的非洲形势

2005年的非洲,政治联合继续向纵深发展,经济保持中低速增长,安全形势总体趋向稳定,外交更趋活跃务实,非洲的国际地位明显提升.与此同时,围绕石油、资源、反恐和联合国改革等问题,西方大国对非争夺方兴未艾.中非传统友好关系更加牢固,双方在各个领域的务实合作稳步推进.     

2004年的非洲形势

2004年,非洲政治形势继续保持总体平稳、局部震荡的态势;经济中低速持续增长进入第10个年头,但发展面临一些深层问题;西方大国出于多重战略利益考虑重新看重非洲,使非洲的国际战略地位明显提升;中非友好合作关系继续全面、深入发展,出现一些新的喜人亮点。一、政局总体稳定,但局部震荡2004年,非洲安全形势出现了一些令人瞩目的“大事”,如苏丹达尔富尔地区的人道主义危机,科特迪瓦国内战乱再起以及刚果(金)东部地区安全局势脆弱、小规模武装冲突不断等。但是,非洲政局总体趋稳的大势未发生逆转,在内外多种利好因素的互动中,这一趋势正在向纵…     

非洲有中国需要的好产品——本刊特约记者魏翠萍8月19日采访乌干达驻华大使菲力浦·伊德罗先生实录摘要

在中国和友好的非洲国家之间召开“中非合作论坛”意义重大,期望论坛在不断变化的全球形势中制定出一个世界政治和经济的新秩序,期望通过这次会议密切中国和非洲国家之间的政治、……     

《西亚非洲》2004年总目录

深切悼念我国非洲历史研究的开创者陈翰笙陈翰老与非洲史学———悼念我的老师陈翰笙 吴秉真 ( 4 .5 )中国社会科学院热烈欢迎南非副总统雅各布·祖马来访中—南友好关系再谱新篇贺文萍 ( 6.5 )热点透视伊拉克战后重建及问题刘月琴 ( 1 .5 )伊拉克战后中东国际关系的地缘性特征韩志斌 ( 1 .1 2 )伊拉克战争中的民族、宗教因素解读汪维钧　张　强 ( 2 .5 )简评伊拉克临时宪法刘月琴 ( 3.5 )伊拉克战争与中国外交余建华 ( 3.1 1 )脆弱的国家重建———对主权移交之际美国的伊拉克政策评估 达　巍　李绍先 ( 4 .1 0 )试析以色列定点清除政策余…     

非洲城市化：中非合作的新机遇

从世界范围的城市化进程来看,非洲城市化起步比较晚,但发展速度很快。经济全球化、人口爆炸以及频繁的战乱是推动非洲城市化快速发展的重要原因。对于非洲城市化,学术界关注的焦点主要集中在“城市病”方面,即非洲城市化因超越其现代化进程而暴露出来的严重社会问题,如就业严重不足,贫民窟盛行,城市基本服务非常欠缺等等。但是,本文认为,非洲城市化既面临着严峻的挑战,同时也是难得的机遇：城市化为非洲经济的进一步发展储备了大量的廉价劳动力;城市化推动地价快速上涨,加快财富积累;城市化为非洲的生产和消费提供极大的商机。在中非关系大发展的背景下,非洲城市化为中非合作的可持续发展提供了新的机遇。中国可以利用资金、技术方面的优势,利用中非合作论坛的平台,将交流城市化经验、应对城市化挑战作为中非合作新的增长点。     

Indicators for economic vulnerability to drought in South Africa

This article identifies and estimates economic drought vulnerability indicators among communal farmers in South Africa, using an economic vulnerability index based on a household survey of 121 communal farmers. The results show that lack of resources, unemployment, price sensitivity, market access, the level of farm debt, output, on- and off-farm diversification, management, and financial safety nets were the main economic vulnerability variables. Farm debt and financial safety provide the bulk of the vulnerability index. The study’s findings suggest that government should reconsider priorities in the implementation of appropriate policy measures in response to drought.     

De-Europeanisation and Equal Citizenship in Turkey: The Case of Circassians

ABSTRACT

The Europeanisation process in Turkey that extended roughly from 1999 to 2006 boosted the political and cultural rights of diverse ethnic groups in Turkey, including Circassians, and strengthened their claims for equal citizenship. With the loss or weakening of the EU as an anchor for democratic reform in the post-2007 period, however, the de-Europeanisation process has resulted in the disappearance of the main legal and institutional basis for the democratic integration of ethnocultural minorities. Nevertheless, analysis of the activities of four large Circassian communities in Turkey shows that the same process has enhanced the cultural reification of these groups as their survival strategy.     

2003年的非洲形势综述

20 0 3年的非洲 ,联合自强仍然是其发展的主旋律。经济持续中低速发展 ,政治联合稳步推进 ,打伊反恐使国际社会对非关注增多 ,非洲的国际战略地位有所提高。但政变、贫困化等问题积重难返 ,非洲复兴依然充满着艰辛和困难。一、经济继续保持中低速发展水平 ,在发达国家经济普遍不景气情况下表现出了一定的发展韧性。2 0 0 3年 ,随着发展意识的不断加强和改革的深入进行 ,非洲经济形势比冷战结束初期和“失去的 80年代”已大为改善 ,但与联合国千年首脑会议所确定的减贫及其他目标尚有很大距离。据国际货币基金组织预测 ,2 0 0 3年非洲的经济…