布拉格之春述评

布拉格之春是捷克斯洛伐克从本国的实际条件出发,致力于建设一个新的、民主的、符合捷克斯洛伐克条件的社会主义改革之路。它标志着社会主义国家第二次改革高潮达到顶峰;但却在苏联的武力下夭折了。尽管如此,"布拉格之春"还是顺应了历史发展的潮流,对我国的社会主义建设具有重要的启示。     

Ideas in Politics in International Context

This article asks how we might rethink the study of ‘ideas in politics’ in modern Britain. It suggests that historians need to set the problem in its international contexts in a more structured way. Focussing on the nineteenth century, the article reflects on conceptual angles opened up by ‘global intellectual’ and ‘entangled’ approaches to political ideas and behaviour. While stressing that these methods have their pitfalls, the article argues that a reconsideration of the seams where international and intellectual contexts meet can help to reconnect modern British political history with wider historical debates.     

Substate variations in political values in Canada

The article aims to make three methodological and substantive contributions to the literature on substate cleavages in political values. Considerable controversy characterizes this literature. The paper argues that this controversy is due to how indicators representing political values are chosen and constructed. The paper proposes to use factor analysis to select and construct indicators of political values. The analysis identifies five dimensions, which collectively account for 57% of Canadians’ political values. They include support for moral traditionalism, egalitarianism, pluralism, openness to immigration and personal responsibility. Second, the paper shows that there is only limited variation across provinces in political values. Third, the paper shows that this result holds when considering regional variations rather than provincial variations.     

Turnout determinants in democracies and in non-democracies

Elections are celebrated in democracies as well as in non-democracies. Studies on the factors explaining turnout normally focus, however, only on democracies. Are turnout patterns different in non-democracies? If so, how different are those? In this paper I address this issue with a unique dataset covering 1251 elections −678 democratic (in 107 countries) and 250 nondemocratic elections (in 81 countries) for the lower house and 209 democratic (in 57 countries) and 114 nondemocratic (in 60 countries)- for the period 1961–2008. I find that the turnout determinants are contingent upon the regimes and that the most important differences lay in the institutional and in the political factors.     

浅谈公安高职高专院校英语教学的改革方向

当前英语教学改革在各高校正如火如荼地进行,而公安高职高专院校的英语教学改革却易于被人们所忽视。本文对公安高职高专院校英语课程的设置、英语教学目标的确定和英语教学模式的采用作了尝试性探索,特别是对“学习者自主性”教学方法在公安高职高专院校的应用进行阐述,提出了一些建设性意见。     

理论自觉、理论自信与理论创新、理论坚定——十六大以来党对中国特色社会主义理论体系的坚持与创新

理论自觉、理论自信是理论创新、理论坚定的底蕴和基础,理论创新、理论坚定是理论自觉、理论自信的表现和目的.中国共产党是一个以马克思主义科学理论为武装的先进的政党.高度的理论自觉、理论自信,是中国共产党区别于其他一切政党的鲜明特征和根本优势.十六大以来,以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央,凭借着高度的理论自觉、理论自信,明确提出“中国特色社会主义理论体系”科学命题,并对其科学内涵、正确性和重要性等一系列问题进行了深刻的阐述.这对统一全党思想、凝聚社会共识、促进科学发展,具有重大的理论和实践意义.     

United in Diversity? Asymmetry in Indian Federalism

Many studies highlight constitutional asymmetry as a desirablefeature of federal systems in multinational countries. Thisarticle looks at India which, mainly because of the specialprovisions for Kashmir in the 1950 constitution and the statusof newer small states in the north-east, is generally describedas asymmetrically federal. I show that, while India exhibitsconsiderable de facto asymmetry, asymmetry in the constitutionalpowers granted to individual states has (i) not been importantfor India's ability to ‘hold together’ as oftenassumed and (ii) not entailed special protection of culturalor national minorities. I thus cast doubt on the normative politicalphilosophy, particularly informed by Canadian and Spanish debates,that advances the idea of asymmetrical federalism as a modelof governance in potentially divided societies.     

图式在语篇教学中的探索

从语篇教学的实际情况出发,以图式理论为理论依据,并在它的指导下,通过运用举例分析法和对比分析法就图式在语篇教学中的相关问题进行了多层次、多方位的分析和探索,希望学习者在学会建立图式的同时能从整体上加工语篇,最大限度地掌握文章所传递的信息以提高语篇加工的效率。     

Ownership in Theory and in Practice: Transfer of Authority in UN Statebuilding Operations

The language of ‘ownership’ is commonly used in statebuilding operations, but it is not clear that the term has either consistency or substance. It certainly does not have its literal meaning, in the sense of rights of possession either of property or a formal stake in an organization, such as shares in a corporation. Instead ownership tends to be used figuratively – much as ‘buy-in’ in this context usually does not suggest an actual financial transaction – to refer in a more vague way to the relationship between stakeholders, with meanings ranging from a sense of attachment to a programme or operation, to (rarely) actual controlling authority. This essay explores how ownership emerged as a shibboleth of the development community and how it has influenced UN statebuilding operations. The emphasis will be on rule of law institutions, but the critique of ownership applies to post-conflict operations more generally.     

The Rise of Resilience in Education in Emergencies

ABSTRACT

This article explores how resilience as a concept is being increasingly mobilised within the Education in Emergencies (EiE) community. Using content and a close textual analysis, it identifies the concept's growth in prominence within key EiE documents arguing it has been employed to serve a range of different purposes. It contends, however, that dominant conceptualisations of resilience within the EiE community are reflective of a number of shifts around the problem, subjects and purposes of education provision in such conflict-affected contexts. This serves to limit the transformative potential of resilience, particularly in regards to contributing to positive peace.     

Participation in the Budgetary Process in Local Government

Direct democracy is seen as a means of reengaging citizens in the political process. However, it is a contested concept that requires further development by being grounded in a specific context. This article reports on research undertaken in Victorian local government where the New Public Management (NPM) has been in evidence for a number of decades which according to the literature has impacted on accountability to the broader community. The possibility of consultation and citizen participation in the local government budgetary process was examined. The results reported suggest that participation in the budgetary decisions in local government is possible.     

Entrepreneurial citizenship in urban regeneration in the Netherlands

In the Netherlands, active citizenship in the context of urban regeneration of deprived neighbourhoods seems to have evolved into ‘entrepreneurial citizenship’. The concept of entrepreneurial citizenship combines top-down and bottom-up elements. National and/or local governments promote an ideal citizen with entrepreneurship skills and competencies to create more responsible and entrepreneurial citizens’ participation in government-initiated arrangements. At the same time, bottom-up behavioural practices from citizens who demand more opportunities to innovatively apply assets, entrepreneurial skills, strategies and collaboration with other stakeholders are initiated to achieve their goals and create societal-added value. The aim of this paper is to better understand the origins of ‘entrepreneurial citizenship’, and its meaning in the Dutch context of urban regeneration. To do this, we will review the relevant international literature and combine insights from studies on governance, active citizenship, social and community entrepreneurship and urban neighbourhoods. We will also analyse how entrepreneurial citizenship can be locally observed in the Netherlands as reported in the literature.     

Developments in public affairs in Australia

• This paper discusses the integrated public affairs model most common in Australian companies, and its rationale. It describes some key characteristics of the function, drawing on a comprehensive survey of public affairs departments in late 2003. The function has become more senior and strategic, more closely aligned to business imperatives and with stable or growing budgets. It identifies areas of increased attention for practitioners, including support for organization transformation and culture change, stakeholder relations as a line, as well as staff function, reputation management and sustainability reporting.

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of Job Market in Germany and Spain in Order to Reduce Unemployment in Serbia

The percentage of unemployed in Germany was at the lower level than in Spain until 2004. In 2004, the percentage of jobless citizens in Germany almost reached Spanish average, while in 2005 and 2006, German unemployment rate even overcame Spanish one. During the period of the crisis, unemployment rate in Spain has been nearly five times higher than in Germany and more than two times higher than the average unemployment rate in the EU. Youth unemployment in Spain is 50%. On the other side, Germany is becoming even stronger in the period of crisis The incredible recovery that Germany experienced after World War II is commonly referred to as the Wirtschaftswunder, which translates into English as the ＂economic miracle＂. It can be said that Germany＇s successful recovery following the global financial crisis could justifiably be classified as the Wirtschaftswunder II. In Serbia, situation is much worse than in above-mentioned countries and it could not be concluded that it is just caused by the crisis. Periods of wars, economic sanctions and hyperinflation, as well as the transition process from the centrally planned to the market economy caused great number of jobs to be lost.     

县域经济发展的体制性突破--吉林省九台市干部轮岗创业实践调查与探索

一、丰硕的成果 九台市地处吉林省中部,有人口85万人,其中农民65万人,县域经济不发达。在由计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制转轨过程中,国有集体企业改革出现严重困难,到1999年几乎所有的企业都资不抵债,财政收入失去了主要来源,1999年全市财政收入仅10266万元,工资人头费支出却高达11766万元,县域经济陷入困境,干部职工工资难以     

北京城市管理社区参与路径探索

本文通过对北京城市管理中社区参与主体的调查研究,发现存在着社区居民自主参与率低、非营利组织功能发挥有限、营利组织对社区的支持少等问题。分析认为,居民参与率低的原因主要有经济、文化、空间和渠道等方面的制约;非营利组织作用有限的原因有来自外部的和自身的障碍;企业支持少的原因在于企业追求利润的天性以及社区很难为企业创造现实利润。为促进各社区参与城市管理,本文从体制创新、居民、非营利组织、物业公司及驻社区单位、自愿者参与等方面提出了建议。     

Human Resources in Public Administration in the Czech Republic

This paper informs about results of a research taking place within an internal grant of College of Polytechnics Jihlava, which is aimed at examining the efficiency in public administration from the point of view of the office workers. The research is divided into three stages which were proceeding gradually in large organisations of public administration carrying out self-government as well as state government in figurative effect. The research took place in the form of questionnaires, which were given to randomly chosen workers of the offices, and these anonymously answered 60 questions were divided into six topics： human resources, organizational capital, information capital, customer capital, performance measuring, and innovation capital. The respondents assessed the situation in the office using their own judgement. The aim of this paper is to inform about the results of this research especially from the point of view of human capital, organizational capital, and social capital in organisations of public administration.