Planning the future in the context of the past

Margo Anderson is professor of history and urban affairs and director of the Center for Women’s Studies at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. She is author of numerous articles on the history of statistics and census-taking; The United States Census and Labor Force Change;and, forthcoming from Yale University Press. The American Census: A Social History.     

Are the social sciences really inferior?

Fritz Machlup, at the time of his death in 1983, was emeritus professor of economics at Princeton University and professor of economics at New York University. A former president of the American Economic Association and the International Economic Association, his many influential publications included A History of Thought on Economic Integration, Methodology of Economics and Other Social Sciences,and The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States.This article, which was a favorite of Machlup’s, is reprinted from The Southern Economic Journalof January 1961, with the permission of that journal.     

Redefining goals and images

He directs longitudinal studies designed to test general models of deviant adaptations to stress. A past editor of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior,his recent publications include “Self-Rejection and the Explanation of Deviance,” “Escalation of Marijuana Use,” and “The Sociological Study of AIDS”; as well as Social Psychology of Self-Referent Behavior, Patterns of Juvenile Delinquency,and Psychosocial Stress.     

The family: Where do we go from here?

His graduate work was done at Ohio University, and he has received fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the American Scandinavian Foundation. His major works are Family Questions: Reflections on the American Social Crisis and The Swedish Experiment in Family Politics,both published by Transaction.     

Against canons: Liberating the social sciences

She is author of The Origins American Social Science,a study of economics, sociology, political science, and history from their eighteenth-century roots to 1929.     

Book Reviews

Books Reviewed: Making Social Science Matter. By Bent Flyvbjerg Dewey on Democracy. By William Caspary The Poverty of Progressivism: The Future of American Democracy in a Time of Liberal Decline     

Revisiting the Political Theory of Party Identification

Recently, Lewis-Beck et al. (The American Voter Revisited, 2008b) re-created The American Voter using contemporary data. Although these scholars ultimately conclude that voters today behave in ways that are consistent with the account of voting behavior presented in The American Voter, their work nonetheless highlights the importance and value of re-examining past ideas. Given that Lewis-Beck et al. have re-tested the findings of The American Voter, it is both timely and worthwhile to re-examine Fiorina’s (Retrospective voting in American national elections, 1981) political theory of party identification, which is often seen as a critique of the theory of party identification presented in The American Voter, using newly available panel data. In this paper, I re-examine Fiorina’s (Retrospective voting in American national elections, 1981) political theory of party identification using data from the 2000–2002–2004 NES panel study. In addition to applying Fiorina’s approach to party identification to new data, as a more robust test of Fiorina’s theory, I develop a model of party identification where changes in party identification are modeled as a function of the actual changes in retrospective political evaluations. Overall, my findings are broadly consistent with the findings from Fiorina’s original model of party identification; however, my analysis suggests that the distribution of opinions in the electorate and elite signals may be important to changes in party identification.     

Gifts and government largess

He also serves as a Senior Fellow at the Hudson Institute. His books include Social Science Theory: Structure and Application, The Broken Apple: New York City in the 1980s,and Military Doctrine and the American Character: Reflections on Airland Battle,published by Transaction.     

Blaming the jews

His most recent publication is Interminority Affairs in the U.S.: The Challenge of Pluralism,a special issue of The Annals of the American Academy of Social and Political Science.He is author of Mainstreams and Margins: Jews, Blacks, and Other Americans,published by Transaction.     

The Social Construction of Expertise

In The Social Construction of Reality, Berger and Luckmann discuss experts. They contrast the stabilizing monopoly traditionally enjoyed by “universal experts” with the destabilizing competition of a modern pluralistic society. “When a particular definition of reality comes to be attached to a concrete power interest, it may be called an ideology.” The current institutions of forensic science illustrate the claim that monopoly in expertise is associated with political power. Applying the analysis of universal experts in The Social Construction of Reality to forensic science provides useful insights into forensic science as a social phenomenon.     

Converting defense facilities

He has written extensively on industrial development, management and innovation as well as on topics related to technical, economic, and political aspects of the arms race. He is author of The Anatomy of Industrial Decline; The Prospects of American Industrial Recovery;and Social Costs in Modern Society.     

Intellectual emigration from Hitler’s Germany

His books include Higher Civil Servants in American Society; Work and Authority in Industry; Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait; National Building and Citizenship; Embattled Reason: Essays in Social Knowledge; Kings or People: Power and the Mandate to Rule; Force, Fate, and Freedom;and From Berlin to Berkeley.     

AIDS and health care deficiencies

He is author of many books and articles including Images of the American City; Professions, Work, and Careers; Psychiatric Ideologies and Institutions; Where Medicine Fails;and most recently Creating Sociological Awareness: Collective Images and Symbolic Representations;all published by Transaction. He and the co-authors have also written The Social Organization of Medical Work.     

Restructuring the system

His publications include “Instructional, Management, and Social Conditions in Effective Schools” in A. Odden and L.D. Webb’s School Finance and School Improvementas well as articles on designing state assessment systems and state boards in an era of reform.     

International relations in China and Europe: the case for interregional dialogue in a hegemonic discipline

Abstract

The international relations (IR) discipline is known as an ‘American Social Science’ dominated by scholars and theories from the US core. This paper compares IR in two noncore settings, China and Europe. It shows that there is a growing institutional and intellectual integration into global Anglophone, mostly American, IR in both Europe and China. Both Chinese and European IR communities have established top Anglophone journals like the European Journal of International Relations and the Chinese Journal of International Politics to spearhead their integration into mainstream Anglophone IR and carve out a space for regional thinking. Yet, the analysis of their publication and citation patterns shows that IR outside the American core communicates through a hub-and-spokes system where there is always a connection to the American core but rarely very strong linkages to other peripheral regions. The two journals studied thus function as outlets for ‘local’ and American scholars, rely on ‘local’ and American sources, and there is very little integration and exchange between Chinese and European IR. Chinese and European IR would benefit from such a dialogue, especially regarding ‘schools’ of IR at the margins of an ‘American social science’.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article: The Rationality of Social Justice BHIKHU PAREKH Why Social Justice Matters: The Social Democratic Alternative to the Washington Consensus, by Brian Barry Varieties of Corruption Paul Jankowski Corrupt Histories, edited by Emmanuel Kreike and William Chester Jordan Are we all republicans now? Dawn Oliver Our Republican Constitution, by Adam Tomkins Defending the NHS: Myths and Realities Jennifer Dixon NHS plc: The Privatisation of Our Health Care, by Allyson M. Pollock Global Non‐sustainability Dick Pountain Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Survive, by Jared Diamond Trade union history Nina Fishman United We Stand: A History of Britain's Trade Unions, by Alastair J. Reid Britons behaving badly? Mary Chamberlain Bloody Foreigners: The Story of Immigration to Britain, by Robert Winder Out of Yugoslavia into Europe Ilaria Favretto The Hidden Handshake: National Identity and Europe in the Post‐Communist World, by Ales Debeljak Making Americans Fiona Ross The Liberty of Strangers: Making the American Nation, by Desmond King The cancer of torture Victoria Brittain The Torture Papers: The Road to Abu Ghraib, edited by Karen J. Greenberg and Joshua L. Dratel Torture and Truth: America, Abu Ghraib and the War on Terror, by Mark Danner     

The rationalization of democracy: Liberal,elitist, and corporatist conceptions of democracy∗

Charles Murray, Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950–1980 (New York: Basic Books, 1984).

On Bureaucratic Discourse: A Radical Feminist Analysis of the Role of Public Administration in Late Capitalism

Jean Baudrillard, In the Shadow of the Silent Majorities . . . or the End of the Social and Other Essays, trans, by Paul Foss, Paul Patton and John Johnston (New York: Semiotext(e), 1983), 123 pp.

Jean Baudrillard, Simulations, trans. by Paul Foss, Paul Patton and Philip Beitchman (New York: Semiotext(e), 1983), 159 pp.

Omar Cabezas, Fire from the Mountain: The Making of a Sandinista, translated by Kathleen Weaver with a foreword by Carlos Fuentes and an afterword by Walter LaFeber (Crown Publishers, Inc.: New York, 1985), pp. 233.     

Books in review

He is an active Organization Development consultant, and has contributed some three hundred research pieces to several forums. His latest books are High Performance and Human Costs;and a reissued version of Men, Management, and Moralityin Transaction’s Classics in Social Science Series.     

Invisible masculinity

He is author of Manhood: The American Quest;and co-author of (with Michael Messner) Men’s Lives;and editor of Men Confront Pornography; Against the Tide: Pro-Feminist Men in the United States, 1776–1990;and Changing Men: New Directions in Research on Men and Masculinity.     

Promoting health

He is the author of Painful Choices: Research and Essays on Health Care, Mental Health and Social Policy(3rd Edition), and From Advocacy to Allocation: The Evolving American Health Care System.