猪瘟酶标抗体和荧光抗体诊断猪瘟的比较试验

荧光抗体技术始子四十年代,在1969年和1970年间,法国巴斯德研究所专门就荧光抗体技术在兽医上的应用召开过两次国际性会议。目前荧光抗体技术已广泛用于细菌、病毒、原虫的鉴定,传染病的快速诊断,肿瘤抗原的研究等。继荧光抗体之后,在六十年代,医学工作者即开始用酶代替荧光素标记抗体,作生物组织抗原的鉴定和定位,从而创造了酶标记抗体新技术。近年来,国内亦开展了这方面的研究。笔者应用猪瘟酶标抗体和荧光抗体诊断猪瘟作了对比试验,现将其结果介绍如下。     

猪瘟病毒胶体金免疫层析检测方法的建立及应用

为建立一种猪瘟病毒的快速检测方法,采用柠檬酸三钠还原氯金酸制备胶体金,选择15 nm胶体金标记兔抗猪瘟病毒抗体,对胶体金标记抗体采用低温超速离心法进行纯化,组装免疫层析试纸条。用试纸条对猪瘟可疑病料进行检测,同时用直接荧光抗体试验和RT-PCR做平行试验。结果显示,用试纸条检测猪瘟病毒,10 min左右即可显示结果,试纸条、直接猪瘟荧光抗体试验和RT-PCR的阳性检出率依次为36.36%(4/11)、45.45%(5/11)和72.72%(8/11)。表明,用胶体金免疫层析试纸条检测猪瘟病毒操作简便,需时短,可以用于猪瘟的流行病学调查。     

鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒的荧光抗体检测

建立了一种鸡传染性喉气管炎 (ILT)的荧光抗体检测技术 ,用荧光素标记ILT兔源超免疫血清抗体 ,对 15份人工感染ILT病鸡、5份ND病鸡和 10份健康鸡的气管分泌物进行了检测 ,并对该技术做了特异性和敏感性测定。结果显示 ,人工感染ILT病鸡的阳性检出率高达10 0 % ,ND病鸡和健康鸡的阳性检出率均为 0 ;该ILT兔源超免疫血清荧光抗体检测技术特异性强、敏感性高     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒荧光标记单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

为制备可以区分牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)基因型的荧光标记单克隆抗体,分别利用分泌抗牛病毒性腹泻Ⅰ型病毒(BVDV-Ⅰ)、牛病毒性腹泻Ⅱ型病毒(BVDV-Ⅱ)、牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV-Ⅰ和BVDV-Ⅱ)单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株BV1、BV2、BV12,腹腔接种BALB/c小鼠,大量制备单克隆抗体,用辛酸-硫酸铵法提纯,经活性、浓度、纯度检测合格后,利用搅拌法与异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)偶联,制备成3种荧光标记单抗。结果显示,3种标记单抗的F/P比值范围均在2.0～4.0之间;细胞DFA法测定其效价均≥1∶200;抗原交叉试验证实标记单抗的特异性良好;标记单抗可以检测到1TCID50的病毒粒子;临床初步应用表明,3种标记单抗的阳性检出率均≥95%,与进口BVDV荧光抗体的符合率为100%。3种荧光抗体的研制对BVDV基因分型鉴定、NCP型BVDV的鉴定以及BVDV与CSFV的鉴别诊断有很好的应用价值,值得进一步开发。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒单克隆抗体的制备及其应用

为制备牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)单克隆抗体(MAb)及其直接荧光标记抗体,本试验用纯化的牛病毒性腹泻病毒Ht01株免疫雌性BALB/c小鼠。间接ELISA测其血清效价,取抗体效价达标小鼠的脾细胞与SP2/0细胞融合。用间接ELISA筛选阳性细胞株并进行2次亚克隆后注射入小鼠腹腔制备单抗腹水。利用辛酸-硫酸铵沉淀法纯化腹水,用间接免疫荧光试验测定其活性,用SDS-PAGE试验测定其纯度。经活性、纯度检测合格后,采用搅拌法与异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)偶联;用葡聚糖G-25 Medium介质进行分离纯化。结果,本研究共获得2株能够稳定分泌IgG1类型的阳性杂交瘤细胞株和一种直接荧光抗体,分别被命名为BMAb11、BMAb20、DB11。稳定性试验表明,杂交瘤细胞分泌的抗体稳定性好。ELISA、间接免疫荧光试验和直接免疫荧光试验表明,单克隆抗体和直标荧光抗体均与BVDV发生特异性反应,说明它们的特异性较好。经ELISA鉴定,腹水抗体效价达到1∶12 800。直接荧光抗体荧光素与蛋白的摩尔比(F/P)为3.34,标准值在2.0～4.0之间,符合标准。上述研究结果表明,本研究制备的单克隆抗体和直标荧光抗体可用于BVDV的检测,为BVDV的临床诊断奠定了基础。     

猪瘟病毒中和抗体竞争抑制ELISA检测方法的建立

利用杆状病毒表达的猪瘟病毒(CSFV)重组E2蛋白作为包被抗原,辣根过氧化物酶标记的E2蛋白中和性单克隆抗体作为竞争抗体,建立了一种用于检测CSFV中和抗体的重组E2蛋白竞争抑制ELISA(CI-ELISA)方法。经筛选确定,CI-ELISA的抗原最佳包被浓度为3μg/mL,酶标竞争抗体的最佳稀释度为1∶4 000,阴性血清临界值为33%,阳性血清临界值为40%。CI-ELISA的检出下限为1∶44(中和抗体效价),与进口阻断ELISA试剂盒的符合率为85.00%,高于间接ELISA与进口阻断ELISA试剂盒的符合率(81.25%),CI-ELISA与其他主要病毒的阳性血清均无交叉反应。对采自我国4个省份的290份现地血清进行CI-ELISA检测,结果273份(94.1%)为CSFV抗体阳性。     

斑点免疫金渗滤法检测猪生殖与呼吸综合征抗体的研究

应用提纯的猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)抗原包被硝酸纤维素膜,然后用胶体金标记的金黄色葡萄球菌A蛋白(SPA)建立了检测PRRS抗体水平的斑点免疫金渗滤法(DIGFA)。该法通过胶体金标记SPA直接显色,阳性者出现红色斑点,整个试验过程仅需5min即可判断结果;与猪瘟、猪伪狂犬病、猪细小病毒病阳性血清不发生交叉反应;纯化PRRSV抗原的最低检测量为0.0553mg mL,即55.3ng 点。对200份猪血清用该法与ELISA同时进行PRRS抗体检测,两种方法的符合率达98%。     

猪瘟对集约化猪场猪群繁殖的影响

1998年8～9月,甘肃省天水地区某集约化猪场发生了一起急性、热性传染性疾病,经甘肃省兽医技术推广总站用荧光抗体技术鉴定和中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所测定猪瘟抗体水平,并鉴定抗体性质,结合临床症状和流行情况,确诊为由猪瘟强毒引起的猪瘟,随后采取用猪瘟猪巴氏杆菌病...     

抗非洲猪瘟病毒VP73蛋白鸡卵黄抗体的制备及鉴定

为研制非洲猪瘟的诊断试剂,将原核表达的非洲猪瘟病毒VP73融合蛋白纯化后,作为抗原免疫蛋鸡,先后用饱和硫酸铵和硫酸钠对卵黄抗体(IgY抗体)进行分离提取,制备抗非洲猪瘟病毒VP73蛋白的特异性IgY抗体。对初步提纯的IgY抗体进行SDS-PAGE和Western-blot鉴定,并用间接ELISA测定IgY抗体的效价。结果显示,提纯后的IgY抗体有1条重链和1条轻链,分子质量分别约为65ku和26ku;IgY抗体可与非洲猪瘟病毒VP73蛋白发生特异性反应,在约71ku处出现特异性杂交条带;间接ELISA测定的IgY抗体效价约为1∶8 192;浓度测定结果显示,每1mL卵黄液可得到9.2mg卵黄抗体。结果表明,用表达的VP73蛋白作为免疫原制备的特异性IgY抗体具有免疫反应原性,可用于研制非洲猪瘟的诊断试剂。     

猪瘟流行区仔猪免疫程序的研究

将配种前猪瘟疫苗免疫母猪所产仔猪分为 4、2、2头份和 4、4、4头份 2组 ,分别于 2 5、40、60日龄进行首免、二免和三免 ,并在 3 9、5 8、90、180日龄时 ,用IHA法检测血清抗体水平。结果 ,2组猪的群体阳性率分别为 90 .6%、92 .6%、96.2 %、88.0 %和 93 .8%、88.9%、10 0 %、88.0 % ,平均抗体效价分别为 1∶10 3、1∶96、1∶15 9、1∶2 2和 1∶85、1∶85、1∶15 0、1∶64 ,2组之间差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。该免疫程序经在猪瘟流行的某规模化猪场采用后迅速、有效地控制了疫情。证明该程序在生产中应用是可行的 ,比乳前免疫操作简便、效果可靠     

The Development of EU-Russian Relations

The EU＇s strategy for Russia since the end of the cold war has to a large extent failed, and the direct consequences are the currently deadlocked EU-Russia relationship. There are three reasons for this： the EU and Russia＇s respective strength and status relative to each other have been changing since the beginning of this century; the EU＇s strategy towards Russia has been more fragmenting in recently years; and the American factor. The EU-Russia relations could continue to be in poor shape in the years to come, and it is very likely sometimes even further worsening. But the two sides would refrain from extreme measures and prevent their relations from sliding into real cold war.     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

China＇s Rise vs. International Order Evolution

A heated debate over the rise of China has been going on unabated in the international community for nearly two decades. However, with the elapse of time, the initial divergence of views in the mainstream opinion has gradually diminished and the gap in China policy among nations has likewise narrowed down. Instead, reason and a realistic approach have eventually taken center stare.     

The Balance Between Coercion and Accommodation

1. Introduction
On the morning of April 1st, 2001, a U.S. EP-3 surveillance aircraft was conducting an intelligence flight along the Chinese territorial border in the airspace south-east of China＇s Hainan Island. Two Chinese fighter jets intercepted the spy plane and followed its flight, as is considered ordinary international practice. For reasons unknown, the EP-3 airplane made a sudden maneuver and crashed into one of the Chinese planes. The Chinese plane dropped into the sea, the pilot missing. The U.S. spy plane was also severely damaged. It intruded into Chinese territorial space and landed on Hainan Island without official permission from the Chinese side. After landing, the spy plane and 24 crew on board were detained by the Chinese authorities. This air collision episode was the first of its kind in the China-U.S. relations and an urgent diplomatic crisis ensued.     

The U. S. Policy toward DPRK: Opportunities and Constraints

布什政府上台以来,始终未能阻止朝鲜拥核步伐.朝核试后,美对朝政策有了新的调整,六方会谈得以复会.但美朝双方受各自国家利益和政策目标的限制,在朝鲜半岛无核化问题上的尖锐分歧难以解决,朝核危机仍存在再度升级的可能.     

Marxist Philosophy vs. International Relations Research in China

This article argues for the confirmation of Marxist philosophy as the ideology that guides international relations （IR） studies in China. Justification comes through the following points. According to Marxism, correct theoretical guidance serves as the prerequisite for correct practice. Marxist philosophy embodies, by nature, righteousness, in opposition to political hegemony. Accordingly, practice under its guidance represents fruitful revolutionary realism. Finally, advanced studies of international relations in this country cannot be separated from philosophical thinking. Using these arguments as background, this article specifically advocates materialism, patriotism, and service to the people as the corner-stone of China＇s IR theory building.     

Excavating Concealed Tradeoffs: How Russians Watch the News

Citizens in democracies are expected to make better decisions if they understand policy tradeoffs. However, politicians rarely have incentives to communicate them; citizens are uncomfortable choosing among valued outcomes; and devising a common metric is difficult. It is not surprising that in the United States the environment provides relatively little cuing or priming of tradeoffs in television news. Russian citizens, on the other hand, face a media environment in which tradeoff cuing is intentionally suppressed by owners' agendas, yet viewers detect concealed tradeoffs even in the absence of tradeoff priming and viewpoint diversity. Analysis of discourse among ordinary Russians in 16 focus groups convened in four cities, differentiated by political reform and media market environments, showed that when watching news in which tradeoffs are thoroughly concealed, viewers challenge stories by offering a broad spectrum of uncued tradeoffs. Tradeoffs come from diverse policy domains and represent a range of cognitive strategies, some of which are considerably more abstract than others and link elements of their observations and assumptions (together with what they can extract from the stories) into complex reasoning outcomes.     

The U.S. Global Strategy as Seen from the Debate in the Primary Election

There may be more than one year to go before the 2008 U.S. presidential election, but the primary election of the two parties has already begun ahead of time. Both the Democratic and Republican candidates for the     

中国需要构建怎样的周边(英文)

正The new central leadership has highlighted the strategic importance of better relations with neighboring countries and the construction of a solid foundation for China’s neighborhood strategy so as to create favorable conditions for Chinese development.1China is strengthening top-level strategy in foreign relations,focusing on global-level relations and staying committed to relations     

中巴关系的发展及其认识误区（英文）

China and Brazil established a strategic partnership in 1993. The bilateral ties have seen rapid development in almost all areas. However, there are eight myths surrounding the China-Brazil relations. These myths are the result of a lack of mutual understanding as well as the misconceptions result misconceptions of the western observers and media. These misunderstandings have of have jeopardized images of the China-Brazil relations and also hindered further development of their bilateral relationship.