中亚五国社会变化与社会发展模式

简介中亚五国独立后社会领域的变化及其原因、各国社会发展战略、社会政策与实践,指出社会领域改革的难点,强调社会领域改革与发展经济的关系以及探索符合本国国情的社会发展模式的必要性.     

地区性公民社会与东盟社会文化共同体建设

东盟在社会文化领域的合作历史久远,并为精英所主导社会文化领域的合作实质上包含了一种东盟官方与地区性公民社会力量的博弈关系。在建设东盟社会文化共同体的过程中,地区性公民社会力量的作用主要体现为议程创设和推动机制改革,东盟则既对公民社会力量进行吸纳,又与公民社会力量竞争。     

东盟社会文化共同体与中国—东盟社会文化合作

东盟成立东盟社会文化共同体,在人类发展、社会福利和保护、社会公正和权力、环境可持续发展以及建立东盟身份认同等领域内开展合作,并建立了较为完善的合作机制以推动东盟社会文化发展。中国—东盟社会文化合作和东盟社会文化共同体的建设经验有相通之处,坚持开放包容、和而不同的文化理念,以政府交往和民间交流并重的方式进行合作。以东盟社会文化共同体成立为新契机,中国应正确认识东盟社会文化共同体的发展现状、中国在中国—东盟合作中的定位以及中华文化在东盟的影响力,以推动中国—东盟社会文化交流,实现合作共赢。     

略论美洲国家组织的维和机制

美洲国家组织以西半球集体安全原则为维和的法律依据,以泛美防务委员会和西半球安全委员会为主要维和机构,通过谈判、调查、调停与斡旋、仲裁、司法解决等规定程序和平解决争端,不懈开展地区联合反恐,进行安全信任机制建设,对维护西半球的和平与安全起了非常重要的作用。     

论《欧洲人权公约》对俄罗斯法的影响

加入《欧洲人权公约》意味着俄罗斯在人权保障领域要受到公约本身和欧洲人权法院判决的制约,要按照公约和法院对公约的解释所确定的标准调整国内人权立法,并在司法实践中予以适用.根据补充性(subsidiarity)原则,欧洲人权法院并非俄罗斯作为欧洲理事会成员国法院的最高审级,但欧洲人权法院受理申诉的基本条件是穷尽国内一切救济...     

联合国集体安全机制的困境

本文以国际机制的局限性为理论出发点,剖析联合国在和平与安全领域的机制安排及其面临的困境.笔者首先从理论上阐述国际机制的局限性,尔后剖析了联合国集体安全机制的内容--内外局限及其困境,最后提出解决这些困境的建设性意见.     

论南非对同性恋者权利的宪法保护

南非宪法是世界上第一部保障同性恋权利的宪法,对同性恋者权利的保护主要通过平等权条款禁止性取向歧视.南非之所以在宪法中保护同性恋,与南非种族歧视的历史、非洲人国民大会党的重视、同性恋组织的不懈努力,及域外法律实践的影响密切相关.南非宪法颁布后,宪法法院根据宪法规定审理了一系列与同性恋者有关的案件,这些案件使宪法的规定得到了进一步落实.南非宪法的规定及南非宪法法院的实践,不仅使南非国内法律进一步完善了对同性恋者权利的保护,而且对国外同性恋权利保障的斗争和立法具有典范作用.     

哈萨克斯坦的社会变化与社会问题

本文重点介绍哈萨克斯坦独立后社会领域变化情况及其原因,社会领域变化的具体表现和目前存在的突出社会问题,强调社会领域存在的问题主要与经济状况有关,资金短缺是制约社会领域改革和发展的主要问题,其出路还是要根据国情继续深化改革,使国家能尽快富起来。     

南海仲裁案所涉历史性权利问题裁决的国际法批判

南海仲裁案仲裁庭作出的最终裁决否定了中国在南海的历史性权利。就管辖权而言,仲裁庭的管辖权缺乏依据,因为其裁决不仅以对中国历史性权利主张性质错误的认定为基础,而且对《联合国海洋法公约》第298条的解释和适用存在问题。就实体事项而言,仲裁庭选择以适用《联合国海洋法公约》第311条有关规则为起点,其分析框架缺乏坚实的法理基础,对《联合国海洋法公约》有关条款和相关国际司法和仲裁实践的解释,有失偏颇,结论荒谬,不符合《维也纳条约法公约》关于条约解释的规则。仲裁庭对中国历史性权利证据采用双重标准,忽视了中国渔民发现、开发、利用南海岛礁的行为与有关海域的开发和利用行为密不可分,从而歪曲和否定中国在南海的历史性权利主张。仲裁庭上述裁决预设立场,偏袒菲律宾,显失公平,既不合法,又无正当性。     

宗教的社会功用及其对国际关系的影响初探

在阶级社会里，占统治地位的宗教维护各种剥削制度及其政治和法律的上层建筑，并将统治阶级的权利和意志从国内推向国际空间；宗教是民族分野、民族精神塑造、民族认同、民族利益追求和民族斗争中的关键性因素；宗教是人类文化的古老载体和区分古今不同类型文明的鲜明标志；不同宗教规范不同的生活方式并体现不同的价值观念。宗教领域中的歧异、对立和斗争是由各种宗教赖以产生和存在的不尽相同的社会历史条件和各种宗教所代表的不同国家、不同民族对现实利益的争夺决定的。宗教作为一种特殊的意识形态力量，具有促发、强化和延续人类社会现实利益冲突，特别是国际政治、经济和战略冲突的重大作用     

The Soldier, The State, and The Clash of Civilizations: The Legacy of Samuel Huntington

The major military challenge that the United States faces today is the war in Afghanistan. The U.S. military is engaged in a grueling counterinsurgency campaign against the Islamist movement known as the Taliban, which is based among Pashtun tribes in Southeastern Afghanistan and Northwestern Pakistan, who have never been permanently subdued by a foreign military force. This challenge comes in the wake of that other grueling counterinsurgency war that the U.S. military has had to conduct in Iraq, where its chief adversary was the Islamist movement known as al Qaeda in Mesopotamia. Moreover, the challenge in Afghanistan comes on what could be the eve of an impending military challenge, perhaps even a war, with Iran, as that Islamist state relentlessly moves toward acquiring nuclear weapons. In its entire history of two- and-a-quarter centuries, the United States has never been engaged in an unbroken succession of three wars, in three different countries. Together, the U.S. wars with or within Islamist countries add up to what is a “long war,” indeed.     

《小说神髓》的“文学冒险”

坪内逍遥《小说神髓》要展现的是一个庞大的帝国文化图景，其主要意图应置入近代日本社会“他者意识一民族主义一近代国民国家”这一思想观念流程中才能够被理解。它不仅呈现出作者根深蒂固的民族主义立场，而且反映出日本文化界在明治维新后积极谋求文化自立、自强与扩张的文化帝国主义图谋。     

The Geography of the International System: The CShapes Dataset

Sceptics of globalization attribute the proliferation of light weapons to economic openness. Increasing globalization apparently weakens public authority, leading to social disarray, anomic violence, and general conditions that make handgun ownership and use more likely. Pro-globalists might argue contrarily that trade openness can raise the premium on peace as violence is bad for business. Moreover, greater interdependence allows the diffusion of anti-proliferation norms and facilitates cooperative behavior among trading partners for stemming the demand for and proliferation of small arms. Using a unique dataset on small arms imports, we find that greater openness to trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) lowers small arms imports per capita. A policy measure of economic freedom is associated with higher small arms imports, but this association seems to be explained entirely by the association between economic freedom and strong bureaucracies. States that are de facto more open to the global trading system are less likely to be inundated with these weapons, but richer, better-governed countries import more small arms. Global policy should pay closer attention to the seepage of these weapons from the relatively wealthy, who manufacture and buy them in larger quantities, to the poor, among whom the ‘problems’ associated with small arms are often manifested. Curbing those factors that encourage globalization, however, would be counterproductive to reducing the trade in small arms and light weapons.     

The Bush Doctrine: The Foreign Policy of Republican Empire

The dominant narrative concerning the Bush Doctrine maintains that it is a dangerous innovation, an anomaly that violates the principles of sound policy as articulated by the Founders. According to the conventional wisdom, the Bush Doctrine represents the exploitation of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, by a small group of ideologues—the “neoconservatives”—to gain control of national policy and lead the United States into the war in Iraq, a war that should never have been fought. But far from a being a neoconservative innovation, the Bush Doctrine is, in fact, well within the mainstream of U.S. foreign policy and very much in keeping with the vision of America's founding generation and the practice of the statesmen in the Early Republic. The Bush Doctrine is only the latest manifestation of the fact that U.S. national interest has always been concerned with more than simple security.