论巴基斯坦部落地区的塔利班化

由于持久的经济恶化与社会动荡、腐败的政府政治架构、在反恐议题上同西方进一步结盟与合作等原因,巴基斯坦的部落地区不断塔利班化,主要表现为极端主义、武装暴力和群众参与。其主要后果是严重影响到巴基斯坦国内政局的稳定。西方军事力量将可能长期驻扎在阿富汗,而中巴两国“全天候”的关系也将面临激进宗教势力和分离主义势力的挑战。     

Al Qaeda in the Tribal Areas of Pakistan and Beyond

After the U.S. led coalition forces attacked Al Qaeda and Taliban infrastructure in Afghanistan beginning in October 2001, the epicenter of global terrorism moved from Afghanistan to tribal Pakistan. Known as the Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA) in Pakistan, this region has emerged as the premier hunting ground for the Al Qaeda leadership. With the co-option of new groups in FATA and its adjacent North Western Frontier Province (NWFP), the Al Qaeda threat has proliferated. The threat posed by the Afghan Taliban has been compounded with the addition of a new range of actors notably the Pakistani Taliban. Working together with multiple threat groups, both foreign and Pakistani, Al Qaeda directs its global jihad campaign from FATA. Unless the terrorist enclave is cleared on the Afghan-Pakistan border, the threat to Afghanistan and mainland Pakistan will continue. This article seeks to map the evolution of Al Qaeda and its associated groups since their relocation to FATA.     

儒家文化和犯罪防御

儒家文化是中国传统人文精神的中流砥柱。在两千多年的封建社会中,它的思想内容逐渐与国家政权相结合,成为封建制法的根本指导思想,以礼法并重的模式长期影响着古老而文明的中国。就是现在对我们的影响仍然十分巨大。站在法治社会的今天,儒家文化在防御犯罪方面的作用,更突显它的魅力--通过针对变态人格心理和克制私欲的人格心灵塑造和社会个人自我理性批判,来完成它的防御犯罪的社会功能,从而实现它的积极入世的当代社会作用。     

国际上的「和平文化」运动

当前,构建社会主义和谐社会已成为我国社会生活的主题词.去年9月,胡锦涛主席在联合国成立60周年首脑会议上提出了构建"和谐世界"的主张.在我们向国际社会阐述中国对和平的理解、为促进和平所做的努力时,我们也有必要了解当前国际社会是如何解读和平的.当前国际和平运动中关于和平也有一个主题词,那就是"和平文化".     

Education for a culture of peace: the culture of peace news network as a case study

The Culture of Peace News Network, an internet news service, is analyzed in the framework of a general approach to education for a culture of peace. Its format reflects the eight program areas for a culture of peace as adopted by the UN General Assembly. Among its other operating principles are universality of news with all cultures and regions of the world given equal priority, requirement that reflection be accompanied by action and that news should be positive and open to debate, that ‘slow news’ is as important as ‘fast news,’ and that readers should participate by writing as well as reading. The Network has yet to achieve its goal of forcing commercial media to consider actions for a culture of peace as newsworthy, but it is suggested that this will depend on the growth of the global movement for a culture of peace which remains rather small at the present time.     

Language,gender, and Chinese culture

Conclusion The analysis of Chinese characters, idioms, and semantic placements provides the context for understanding the historical construction of gender roles, images, and ideas that inform the oppression of women in Chinese society. We have seen that language was crucial in the creation and perpetuation of the Chinese patriarchal system. The physical structure of the Chinese language testified to the continuing inequalities of gender within Chinese society, the roots of which revert to antiquity. The Chinese writing system that is by and for men serves to maintain patterns of behavior that reflect as well as reinforce gender inequality. We should recognize that social change creates linguistic and behavioral changes. Linguistic disparties reflect real and sustained social inequalities that can and should be changed. There is no other alternative for Chinese women seeking equality but to change the language and its usages. Once Chinese women expose the falseness of existing male meanings and encode their own language, a more objective social reality can be envisaged and perhaps ultimately achieved.     

Patterns of culture and democratization in Kuwait

Conventional wisdom asserts that Islam and tribalism dispose the countries of the Arab Middle East against democratization. Yet the local culture in the region resembles those in the ancient world where democracy was first established, and neither resembles the pattern of political development that occurred in Western Europe, today’s democratic paradigm. Kuwait, a city-state that has enjoyed a high level of collective wealth throughout the period following World War II, displays many of the attributes of the “positive liberty” that Isaiah Berlin, Hannah Arendt, and others see as characteristic of ancient democracies. Vigorous participation in a range of public spaces acts as a check on runaway state power. Kuwait’s record on “negative liberty” is poor, which is why it diverges from the western European model. Population growth and its effect on political development is eroding Kuwait’s qualities as a city-state and pushing it toward mass politics. It is not possible at this stage to predict with any confidence whether these new trends will result in further liberalization or a more authoritarian polity. Mary Ann Tétreault is a professor of political science at Iowa State University. She is the editor ofWomen and Revolution in Africa, Asia, and the New World (1994) and the author ofThe Kuwait Petroleum Corporation and the Economics of the New World Order (1995). She is presently working on a monograph on democratization in Kuwait and, with Robin Teske of James Madison University, is preparing an edited volume on power and social movements.     

Popular culture and development: A case study

Communications and development in the broadest sense of the terms are examined in relation to evaluation of the work of the Communication Foundation for Asia (CFA). CFA produces, in conjunction with public and private development agencies, flip-charts, comics, a fieldworker's handbook for use in family planning education, sound cassette magazines for agricultural extension work, booklets and sound-slides on forming cooperatives, and other educational materials. CFA operates in the Philippines. A developmental radio drama produced by CFA delivered a pro-development message, one that tells people they can do something about their conditions/situations, compared to the passive, consumer-oriented commercial radio drama. The most prominent theme was achievement. The characters had complex motivations and displayed wide range of motives. Like other forms of propaganda, developmental radio drama is not welcomed by radio station owners. Not many people in the industry perceive the opportunity for increasing overall development and economic growth. All pressures from commercial radio are in consumerist directions while developmental drama encourages production.     

Politics versus culture: Which is stronger?

This article examines the assertion that cultural factors, more than anything else, explain the rapid economic progress of Asian countries in recent years, as against the slow progress (and even retrogression) of African countries. In considering the relationship of politics to culture, it begins by examining various quandaries: the meaning of culture; the causes and manifestations of culture; the possibilities of rapid acculturation; and the importance of Westernization for development. Examples are presented to indicate that cultural barriers to development are often politically created and, as such, politically vulnerable. Political elasticity theory is introduced here to explain the capacity of leaders to influence and change culture, as shown in three case studies. The article ends with an examination of the implications of the propositions presented for World Bank lending programs, suggesting, not only the importance of taking culture into account, but going beyond it into the political requisites for changing culture. After receiving his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, Herb Werlin taught African studies in the political science departments at SUNY, Stony Brook and The University of maryland, College Park. From 1977 to 1984, he edited the newsletterThe Urban Edge for the World Bank. In 1993 he retired from the urban studies department at the University of Maryland. He is currently an independent consultant in urban development and development administration fields. This article is being adapted for a chapter of a book,Exploring the Mysteries of Development: Using Political Elasticity Theory.     

弘扬齐鲁文化精髓积极开展对外文化交流

近年来,我国文化外交空前活跃,国际文化交流活动层次高、规模大、影响深远,如"中法文化年"活动、覆盖非洲22个国家的"中华文化非洲行"活动、2005年在美国举办的"中国文化节"、在荷兰举办的"中国文化艺术节"、正在开展的"中俄文化年"活动以及"孔子学院"在世界各地的开设等,均树立了我国良好的国际形象,扩大了中华文化的国际影响.