A baby, a virus, and a rat

The authors present a case initially thought to be a child abuse homicide that, after complete autopsy and thorough investigation, was determined to be caused by a viral infection and complicated by postmortem animal activity. Neonatal herpes simplex infection and postmortem skin defects are discussed.     

Wind-drag estimation in a traffic accident involving a motor scooter and a tractor-trailer

This case report describes a noncontact traffic accident involving a motor scooter and a tractor-trailer with a focus on the wind-drag effect. We used load cells to measure the drag force acting on a substantially similar motor scooter when a substantially similar tractor-trailer passes by it, taking into consideration various speeds of the tractor-trailer and distances between the two vehicles. A three-dimensional steady-state flow analysis was also performed by using the CFX program for computational fluid dynamics to examine the streamlines and the pressure distribution around the tractor-trailer at various speeds. From the experiment, for a separation distance of 1.0 m (3.28 ft) and a speed of 90 km/h (55.9 mph), the maximum resultant drag force is 124.5 N (28 lb); this constitutes a degree of force that could abruptly disrupt the stability in maneuvering by an operator who is unaware of the approaching tractor-trailer. In addition, a single equation that relates the tractor-trailer speed to the drag force that acts on the motor scooter was derived on the basis of the Reynolds number (Re) and the wind-drag coefficient (C(d)): C(d) = 1.298 × 10(-7) Re.     

充当学科带头人：意涵与要件

一个学科带头人，意味着他是一个统领、用贤、掌权和服务。衡量一个学科带头人的标准绝不仅仅是学术水平。在充当学科带头人的必要条件中，比个人学术水平更重要的，其实是与学术事宜有关的管理能力与人格品质。学科带头人是一项需要用心去做的工作，需要有一种境界。     

小鱼与大坝的对话--<美国濒危物种法>的实施及其所引起的思考

与其他环境法律部门相比 ,生物多样性保护法律的实施更具复杂性与困难性 ,美国环境法上的经典诉讼———田纳西流域管理局诉希尔一案充分说明了这一点。该案由于其涉及问题之复杂与标志性的司法判决而备受争执。本文主要从该案的司法判决入手 ,介绍分析了《美国濒危物种法》的立法背景、立法目的、立法价值取向、重点条款及其在法律实施中遇到的问题。     

柴某等诉村医高某医疗损害赔偿案

我国现阶段医疗纠纷的处理非常困难，鉴定与审判个性化高、规范化低，医疗机构及其医务人员、患(伤)者、鉴定人员和审判人员往往对医疗纠纷中的医疗行为是否有过错各持己见，行政、司法处理差别较大，甚至不同法院对同一事件做出截然相反、差距悬殊的判决，影响社会稳定，同时也使医疗纠纷变得更加错综复杂。而且，在已经发生法律效力的一些判决中，存在一些明显的问题和争议。为此，《法律与医学杂志》公开向社会各界征集具有代表性、典型性的判例(生效判决)，组织国内有关专家进行讨论、评析。相信这将会对提高和统一当事人、鉴定人和审判人员的认识，保障鉴定与司法公正，依法消除和缓解医疗纠纷具有重大意义。特别说明，本栏目所选案例来自全国各地，并且对其中的当事人及法院信息做了技术处理，仅为学术研究之用，不要对号入坐，所有评析、讨论意见均为专家观点，不代表本杂志的意见，任何组织和个人不得以本杂志讨论的内容作为诉讼依据。     

柴某等诉村医高某医疗损害赔偿案

我国现阶段医疗纠纷的处理非常困难,鉴定与审判个性化高、规范化低,医疗机构及其医务人员、患(伤)者、鉴定人员和审判人员往往对医疗纠纷中的医疗行为是否有过错各持己见,行政、司法处理差别较大,甚至不同法院对同一事件做出截然相反、差距悬殊的判决,影响社会稳定,同时也使医疗纠纷变得更加错综复杂。而且,在已经发生法律效力的一些判决中,存在一些明显的问题和争议。为此,《法律与医学杂志》公开向社会各界征集具有代表性、典型性的判例(生效判决),组织国内有关专家进行讨论、评析。相信这将会对提高和统一当事人、鉴定人和审判人员的认识,保障鉴定与司法公正,依法消除和缓解医疗纠纷具有重大意义。特别说明,本栏目所选案例来自全国各地,并且对其中的当事人及法院信息做了技术处理,仅为学术研究之用,不要对号入坐,所有评析、讨论意见均为专家观点,不代表本杂志的意见,任何组织和个人不得以本杂志讨论的内容作为诉讼依据。     

Corpse Dismemberment and a Necrofetishist

A case of postmortem dismemberment and evisceration is presented. Over a 5‐year period, a serial killer murdered twelve men, with a necrophilic intent, so he could mimic relationship behaviors with the corpses of those he killed. Analysis of the methods he chose to dispose of his victims reveals a stark contrast to the motive for perpetrating the homicides, methods which are suggestive of anger toward the victim when they could no longer fulfill their role in the necrophile's fantasy.     

论共同犯罪与犯罪构成

犯罪构成作为划分罪与非罪的根本标准,适用于一切犯罪行为。共同犯罪作为犯罪的一种特殊形态,在犯罪构成上具有自己的特性,表现为修正的犯罪构成。共同犯罪理论只有以犯罪构成理论为基础,以共同犯罪的修正的犯罪构成,来认识和理解共同犯罪,才能为共犯的定罪量刑提供科学根据。     

究五千年法制轨迹,集一百年学术大成——评张晋藩先生主编的《中国法制通史》(多卷本)

一部十卷本的煌煌巨著 ,不久前又获得了中国新闻出版的最高奖———中国图书奖 ,张晋藩先生主编的《中国法制通史》究五千年法制轨迹 ,集一百年学术大战。想用几千字来加以评论是困难的 ,但是 ,我还是想把我读这套书的体会贡献给同仁。     

Suicidal Shotgun Wound Employing a Shotgun Barrel,a Shotgun Shell,and a BB*

Abstract: A vast majority of firearms‐related suicides involve the conventional use of a properly functioning, intact firearm. Occasionally, forensic investigators encounter a case wherein the firearm suicide victim employs some form of unconventional use of a weapon, or utilizes an unusual weapon type. In this case report, the authors present an unusual case in which a man committed suicide by using a shotgun shell, a shotgun barrel (separate from the rest of the gun), and a BB. Some confusion as to the cause and manner of death was present during the initial scene investigation. Examination at autopsy revealed the cause of death to be a shotgun wound of the chest and prompted further scene investigation. Therefore, this case serves as another example of the importance of cooperation between scene investigators and forensic pathologists when investigating a death. A review of suicidal firearm cases using unconventional means and/or firearms is presented.     

Self-deception and other-deception among admissions to a maximum security hospital and a medium secure unit

Abstract

Other-deception and self-deception are important variables to consider when conducting a forensic psychological evaluation. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of setting on other-deception and self-deception scores. It was hypothesised that patients at a maximum security hospital (Broadmoor) would score lower on an other-deception questionnaire than similar patients at a medium secure unit (Denis Hill Unit). All the patients completed the other-deception (ODQ) and self-deception (SDQ) questionnaires of Sackeim and Gur (1979) on admission to the two security hospitals. The Broadmoor patients (N = 46) obtained significantly lower ODQ score than the Denis Hill Unit (N = 52) patients, after controlling for differences in ethnic background and diagnosis among the two populations. No significant difference in setting was found for the SDQ score. The ODQ and SDQ scores were significantly associated with the type of diagnosis and the ethnic background of the patient, with patients diagnosed as mentally ill scoring higher than those with a diagnosis of personality disorder, and ethnic minority patients scoring higher than Caucasian patients.     

Detection and correction of a migration anomaly on a 310 genetic analyzer

During STR analysis on the 310 Genetic Analyzer, retarded migration of GS500ROX size standards and alleles in some samples was observed. The contribution of reagents, capillary and performance optimized polymer POP 4 to the observed anomaly was experimentally eliminated. Variation in electrophoresis temperature between 55 degrees C and 65 degrees C did not alter the rate of migration of GX500ROX size standard and sample alleles. An eroded connector for the cathode mounted on the heat plate assembly caused the abnormal migration. Hence, it is important to verify the mobility of all fragments in the size standard for each sample to avoid any erroneous allele calls by the automated data analysis software.     

行政诉讼当事人资格及其转移

行政诉讼的中心内容是解决关于行政职权的行使是否合法的争议,审查对象的特殊性决定了其当事人资格的特定性.本文就行政诉讼当事人的资格,以及在特殊情况下所发生的当事人资格转移等问题作一初步探讨.     

TWGDAM validation of a nine-locus and a four-locus fluorescent STR multiplex system

The Gene Print PowerPlex 1.1/Amelogenin and FFFL Fluorescent STR Systems have been validated following the recommendations presented by the Technical Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (TWGDAM). The PowerPlex 1.1/Amelogenin System supports simultaneous amplification of eight short tandem repeat loci and the Amelogenin gender identification marker. The loci D16S539, D7S820, D13S317, and D5S818 are labeled with fluorescein (FL) while the loci CSF1PO, TP0X, TH01, vWA and Amelogenin are labeled with carboxy-tetramethylrhodamine (TMR). The FFFL Multiplex System is composed of the loci F13A01, FESFPS, F13B, and LPL, each labeled with fluorescein. We have observed no overlap of alleles across loci labeled with an individual fluorescent dye. Samples of each system were amplified and labeled in a single reaction, separated by electrophoresis through a denaturing polyacrylamide gel, and amplified alleles detected using a Hitachi FMBIO Fluorescent Scanner. Alterations from the standard amplification protocols in cycle number and annealing temperature generally produced excellent results. In experiments testing sensitivity as little as 0.2 ng of DNA template could be detected. As expected, different body fluids from the same individuals generated identical DNA profile results. Template DNA derived from blood-strains deposited on a variety of matrix supports displayed robust amplification except for material derived from deposits on wood and Japanese orchid leaves. Mixtures of DNA templates could be interpreted with the minor component present in as little as ten percent of the total sample. Monoplex and multiplex amplifications produced identical amplified allele patterns, indicating that STR multiplex systems save template and increase efficiency in the amplification procedure without loss of quality. Analyses of genotype frequencies in African-American, Caucasian-American and Hispanic-American populations using all twelve loci were used to determine matching probabilities smaller than 1 in 1.14 x 10(8) and 1 in 2658 for the PowerPlex 1.1 and the FFFL Multiplex Systems, respectively. The matching probability achieved with the two systems combined is smaller than 1 in 3.03 x 10(11). The independence of alleles within loci was generally demonstrated by applying the exact test to demonstrate Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. All of the studies performed indicate that the PowerPlex 1.1/Amelogenin and FFFL Multiplex Systems are powerful, robust, and reliable investigative tools that can be used in the analysis of forensic samples.