What We Have Learned： ＂New Foundations for Global Governance＂

In a Conference convened at Princeton University in January 2010, international relations experts were asked to consider, among other things,     

The Rockefeller and Gates Foundations in Global Health Governance

The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) is the world's wealthiest philanthropic organisation and a major player in global health governance. While its emergence may be dramatic, BMGF's role in global health mirrors the experience of the Rockefeller Foundation's International Health Division nearly 100 years earlier. Both organisations provoked fear and consternation, but their supporters argued that both offered innovative techniques and filled niches governments could not or would not address. This article examines the parallels in arguments for and against the global health activities between the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Rockefeller Foundation. It also calls into question larger questions about the role of private actors in global governance and whether their activities in recent years are really all that unprecedented.     

Economic Power Foundations of Cities in Global Governance

This study provides evidence that city government participation in global governance networks is explicable by the larger power hierarchy of cities in the global economy. Extant research on city government participation in global governance networks, or “transnational municipal networks (TMNs)” such as United Cities Local Governments, has largely ignored the relevance of research showing city-level connectivity to corporate and other economic networks among world cities. In this latter tradition of research, the level of a city’s connectivity to such economic networks is understood as commensurate with the hierarchical power it holds in the global economy. Using a sample of UK and Chinese cities, this study shows that patterns of participation in a range of TMNs are explained by varied measures of city-level connectivity to economic networks. Interpreted through structuration theory, findings suggest that city participation in global governance is shaped and stratified by city-level hierarchical power within the global economy.     

全球公共卫生治理的制度重叠及其应对之策

近年来,全球公共卫生治理体系彼此通过议题联结、成员联系和功能互动形成了密切的国际制度重叠,包括以世卫组织为核心的联合国诸公共卫生制度、以盖茨基金会等为代表的非正式公共卫生制度、以二十国集团为代表的涉卫新型国际制度以及特朗普政府试图打造的美式国际公共卫生制度。制度重叠是国际公共卫生秩序的结构性特征,可能会约束与限制世卫组织治理有效性的发挥。全球公共卫生议题的复杂性、全球公共卫生治理的政治化倾向和世卫组织的治理限度决定了协同治理具有必然性和紧迫性,为此,国际社会需要秉持人类卫生健康共同体理念,坚持公共卫生多边主义,警惕美国另起炉灶对全球公共卫生治理的冲击。同时,世卫组织发挥协同治理功能的制度化需求迫在眉睫。此外,新型国际公共卫生治理制度是推动多元制度协同治理的重要力量,将发挥愈加凸显的关键作用。作为国际公共卫生体系的重要成员,中国的负责任国际承诺为国际公共卫生制度重叠提供了重要的协调路径,中国支持世卫组织发挥领导作用,加强在联合国、二十国集团、世贸组织、金砖国家集团等多边制度框架内的协调配合和相互支撑,推动构建人类卫生健康共同体。     

传染病全球化与全球卫生治理

全球化加剧了传染病的全球传播,构成人类安全的新危机.同时,传染病全球化也加强了国际社会的共同利益与共同意识,迫使各国开展国际卫生合作,发挥国际法的作用;前国际卫生合作机制存在诸多缺陷,无法有效应对传染病全球化这一非传统安全因素的挑战;因此,应该确立更好的全球卫生治理机制,包括发展问题的解决,治理结构的多维化及世界卫生组织的主导.     

A Study of the Global Public Health Governance

1. International Governance of Public Health
Diseases or epidemics come along with human civilization and in turn inflict profound and all-around impact on human civilization. Confronted with disease threat, the human society must mobilize itself to promote and protect public health by taking actions and measures. This is what is called health governance.     

公共卫生问题的全球治理机制研究

迄今为止,卫生治理的历史经历了国内卫生治理和国际卫生治理两种形式,但都无法应对全球化冲击下的全球公共卫生危机,因此需要创造一个新的全球卫生治理结构来促进政府间行动的协调。全球卫生治理有两个要素:第一需要通过国际人权机制中的健康权给全球不同层次的各类行为体参与全球卫生治理奠定具有共识性的价值基础;第二需要有一个被普遍认可的国际法规则来促进多主体参与的合作协调机制。     

What You Bring to the Table: Transference and Countertransference in the Negotiation Process

While there is a large body of work devoted to interpersonal, intragroup, and intergroup conflict, little has been written about the dimension of the intrapersonal or intrapsychic conflict in the negotiating process. This article introduces the psychodynamic concepts of transference and countertransference and describes how these phenomena play a role in the negotiation situation. By describing the negative transference and how this gives rise to resistance, the author presents an explanation of what works and why in negotiating. The model is then applied to different current models of negotiation, and considers the implications for the organization of the negotiating team and team leadership. With a knowledge of transference and countertransference, the psychodynamic model may provide another perspective that can be used to understand the negotiation process.     

中国引领全球治理的问题与对策

二战结束以来,一直是美国和欧洲充当全球治理的领导者。随着全球化的深入发展和国际格局的发展变化,西方主导的全球治理面临前所未有的挑战。近年来,全球治理乱象频出。随着中国实力的增长,中国参与全球治理的过程也从被动参与到主动推进,并逐步成为全球治理的引领者。这种引领既是国内外形势的发展使然,也是中国在全球治理过程中自信自觉的表现。当下中国在引领全球治理过程中遇到的问题主要有以下三个方面:一是引领全球治理的合法性问题;二是全球治理成本的平衡问题;三是引领全球治理过程中的权力分配问题。解决以上难题,我们要总结历史经验,统筹规划,制定切实可行的措施,先易后难,分阶段落实。现阶段应着重关注以下几个方面:首先,引领全球治理要坚持人类命运共同体的价值取向;其次,针对全球治理的不同主体要坚持权责一致,开放包容的价值理念;最后,在全球治理的行动中要坚持"共商、共建、共享"的原则。与此同时要提高中国自身的国家治理能力,完善国家治理体系。     

China and Global Governance

To enhance global governance has become more urgent with rapid development of globalization in the post-Cold War years. China has benefited from the process of globalization and hence should make greater contribution to the global governance in the future.     

试析全球治理模式的转型——从国家中心主义治理到多元多层协同治理

2008年全球金融危机以后,全球治理模式转型成为国际社会的热点问题。在国际权势转移、治理失灵以及全球治理自身不断演进的背景下,国家中心主义治理模式难以为继,因此推动全球治理模式的转型显得必要且迫切。本文在借鉴不同治理理论的基础上,提出全球治理模式应该向多元多层协同治理的方向转型。具体的转型路径包括:推动治理主体的多元化、治理机制的改革与完善、治理理念的创新以及治理体系的互动。中国作为一个重要的治理主体,对全球治理模式转型的态度总体上是积极的,同时也存在一些疑虑,因此应通过能力提升、培育非政府组织发展、处理好双重国家身份的关系等方式来适应治理模式的转型,并在转型过程中发挥积极作用。     

海利根达姆进程与全球治理

新世纪以来,全球治理的理论和实践得到了较大的发展,作为全球治理新探索的"海利根达姆进程"受到了较多的关注。运用"结构-进程"互动的视角对其进行分析能够帮助我们更透彻的认识"海利根达姆进程"的启动、发展和演变;此外,这一新视角并不仅限于观察单一案例,对于我们分析和研究更广泛的全球治理实践,也是适用和有效的。     

核安全全球治理:历史、现实与挑战

核安全风险超越国界,可能跨越地区,甚至影响全球,因而核安全的治理必然是全球治理。各国对核安全风险的评估、核安全意识的养成是一个演进的过程,与此同步的是核安全全球治理。核安全全球治理经历了冷战、冷战结束和九一一事件以来的三个发展阶段,治理的主要内容随着国际安全形势的变化而调整。冷战期间的核安全全球治理主要体现为建立国际原子能机构以管理核能的和平利用,防范无核国家以发展民用核能为由发展核武器,签署和履行与核安全密切相关的国际公约、培育核安全的意识;冷战结束初期,国际原子能机构强化了保障监督能力,多边出口管制机制加强了对涉核物项出口的管控,国家间展开了实质性的核安全合作;九一一恐怖袭击之后,核安全全球治理呈现加速度的趋势,国际社会日益形成核安全共识,全球性制度建设加速,多边合作加强。经过多年努力,核安全全球治理的制度建设取得了显著成就,双边和多边国际合作得到实质性推动,但核安全全球治理仍然面临如何有效减少核材料存量、如何推动相关国家切实履行国家责任等挑战。     

Global Energy Governance Changes:Challenges and Reform Trends

The energy issue is a focal point in intemational relations not only at the level of nation-states but in transnational and interdisciplinary facets.The advance of globalization and scientific-technological development,the absolute need for reliable,continued energy supply for stability and the protection of humanity,make it imperative for all actors to coordinate and cooperate.Modern-day energy governance was given birth out of security concems from major energy consumers.Today's major energy importers such as China still need to guard energy supply security but,additionally,fluctuating prices also impact energy exporters.The non-marketization factor has accentuated the uncertainty of energy prices.The carrier of global energy governance currently is a multi-level,diverse and dispersed network.1     

论全球治理与国际法

全球治理是解决全球问题的重要途径。它超越了以往的国家治理及国际治理模式,是一套全新、更有效的管理和解决全球问题的国际制度。构建能够为国际社会共同遵守,对全球公民都具有约束力的国际法是进行全球治理的关键和前提。     

新兴大国参与全球治理的利弊

后金融危机时期的世界面临三大机遇同时也是三大挑战.其一,全球治理体系进入一个新阶段:美国提供公共品的能力下降;联合国体系难以适应新的全球问题;传统大国和新兴大国开始共同设定全球治理的议程.其二,全球气候变暖和低碳经济成为全球发展的首要议题.     

全球公域：不均衡全球化 世界中的治理与权力

随着全球化进程的深化,具有非传统特性的全球问题不断涌现,在现有治理秩序下无法得到有效解决,需要协调全球各行为体一致努力进行治理,这在一定程度上推进了全球共治理念的贯彻,有助于实现全球共享安全。其中,网络、极地、外太空、公海等各个全球公域的重点问题领域,亟须全球做出协调努力进行治理。全球公域作为一个相对较新的战略增长点,为各国所重视。但是,治理中仍然存在着两类权力不均衡的情况,即参与治理的富国与穷国之间权力的不均衡,参与治理的国家行为体与非国家行为体之间权力的不均衡,它们都影响了治理的效果。全球公域治理的制度安排受限于概念模糊、划界不清、权责不明的现状,大国权力政治的色彩很容易趁机充斥到全球治理的诸多安排当中,危机治理行为的合法性。