从“自然而治”到“自觉而治”：社区自治问题再探讨

社区自治是社会发展进程中为实现社区品质的提升而采取的居民自我治理的方式。从人类历史的发展进程来看，社区自治的发展经历了从“自然而治”到“自觉而治”的过程。德国社会学家F·滕尼斯对自然而治的社区治理进行了较为系统的理论梳理，而今天社区的复杂性决定了社区的自治已经不能主要靠“习惯”来解决问题。“自觉治理”成为社区自治的突出特点。充分认识今天的社区自治必须建立在自觉的基础上，这对于深化我国社区管理体制改革具有积极的意义。     

"Body property": challenging the ethical barriers in organ transplantation to protect individual autonomy

One of two articles related to the current organ shortage, this article advocates the need for legislation to recognize organs and tissues separated from the body as a distinct category of personal property. After addressing the legislative history of organ procurement and psychological barriers to donor consent, the article examines the importance of separating the lifetime rights of ownership in our own bodies from postmortem rights. Ultimately, the author proposes a futures market approach to this problem in which individuals before death, or surviving family members after death, are permitted sell the decedent's organs in a private contract.