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1.
This study uses longitudinal data to identify risk markers for reassault among batterer program participants. Data are from 308 men and their partners collected at five, 3-month intervals. Time-varying situational and behavioral risk factors, as well as time-invariant individual characteristics, are examined. The most influential risk markers, in terms of relative risk and level of statistical significance, were time-varying: 2 measures of the man's drunkenness during the follow-up interval in which the reassault occurred (OR: 3.5-16.3; p > .0005). Other included time-varying batterer characteristics had no significant effect on reassault. Two significant time-invariant batterer risk factors were (1) severe psychopathology and (2) a history of non-domestic-violence arrest, both measured at intake. Results suggest that batterers' drinking behavior after program intake may provide an important and easily observed marker for risk of reassault and that prediction of reassault with individual risk factors at program intake remains problematical. 相似文献
2.
Chris Thompson 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》1998,23(1):55-64
Expansion of the manufacturing extension system, and consequent diversification of center models and services, suggest the
evaluation system may need to expand its focus to take into account diverse program features and outcomes and the need to
use evaluation data in different state political economy contexts. In the Wisconsin environment detailed here, demonstrating
hard “taxpayer-payback” and shaping the politician's view of manufacturing extension as an “investment,” rather than as an
“expenditure” item, may be important requirements for future in-state manufacturing extension funding. This article attempts
to demonstrate empirically the taxpayer-payback outcomes to manufacturing extension activities, using representative corporation
financial balance sheet data, along with field-credible scenarios about simulated extension service impacts on the balance
sheets, and actual program service costs and fee levels. The implications of the analysis are explored both for program evaluation
and the broader economic and political justification of manufacturing extension at state and national levels.
the views expressed here are those of the author and do not reflect official policy of the National Institute for Standards
and Technology. The author would like to thank Philip Shapira, Jan Youtie, Betsy Bury, Dan Luria, and participants at the
1996 NIST/Georgia Tech workshop on manufacturing modernization, for their comments and assistance. 相似文献
3.
Edward W. Gondolf 《Journal of family violence》2009,24(8):577-588
A quasi-experimental study was conducted to investigate the impact of referral to supplemental mental health treatment for
batterer program participants who screened positive for mental health problems. The principal outcome measure was re-assault
reported during a periodic 12-month follow-up with female partners (n = 308). Batterer program completion and other abuse indicators were also considered. Mandatory court referral to mental health
treatment produced no significant improvement in batterer program completion, re-assault and other abuse indicators. These
results may be influenced by the low compliance to the referral, since the select number of men who did comply with a mental
health evaluation (n = 48 of 148) and those who received treatment (n = 28 of 148) did better than those who did not. Simplified referral procedures or integrated treatment services might prove
to be a more effective approach.
相似文献
Edward W. GondolfEmail: |
4.
Drug-involved offenders report high rates of mental health problems that can negatively impact criminal justice outcomes.
Yet, relatively little attention has been given to the mental health issues of drug court offenders. Therefore, this study
examined 449 participants in a Delaware drug court and investigated relationships between mental health, gender, and program
completion. Bivariate results indicated that gender was related to both mental health status and completion status. Multivariate
findings revealed that two indicators of mental health, depression and being prescribed drugs for a psychological or emotional
problem, were significant predictors of drug court completion. Policy implications include assessing the mental health status
of all drug court participants at program entry so that services can be provided which aim to improve offender health and
increase the likelihood of successful program outcomes. Drug courts must better meet the needs of participants with co-occurring
disorders if they are to remain an effective and viable criminal justice intervention.
This research was supported by grant RO1 DA12424 “Drug Court Offenders in Outpatient Treatment,” by the National Institute
on Drug Abuse. 相似文献
5.
Nonphysical abuse of women is receiving increased attention, but research with clinical samples of batterers has not substantially addressed the risk markers of nonphysical abuse. A multisite sample of batterer program participants (n = 840) with a longitudinal 15-month follow-up was used to identify risk markers. Logistic regressions were computed with batterer characteristics for 4 categories of nonphysical abuse (i.e., control, verbal, threats, combined) reported by the batterer's female partners during the follow-up. The only substantial and consistent risk markers were nonphysical and physical abuse prior to program intake and program dropout. The programs appear to help reduce the abuse. Other significant risk markers varied across the categories of nonphysical abuse, suggesting that the categories do not form a continuum or hierarchy of abuse. Recurrent abuse, moreover, continues to be more difficult to predict in clinical samples than in the general population. 相似文献
6.
Michael Johnston 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2008,49(3):205-223
Both generalizations about “Asian corruption”, and claims about greater or lesser amounts of corruption, tend to overlook
the many variations existing among and within Asian societies, and among the corruption problems they experience. I suggest
that deeper influences in social, political and economic development, and contrasting institutional settings, create four
distinctive syndromes of corruption, each with its own set of implications for relationships between wealth and power. Japan
is an example of “influence markets” in which private interests buy or rent influence over relatively specific policy outcomes
within a strong state. Korea is a case of “elite cartels”, in which collusion and corrupt incentives enable several kinds
of elites to cooperate in governing, enriching themselves, and resisting rising political competition. The Philippines is
marked by “oligarchs and clans”, with powerful families and their entourages plundering a weak state in a climate of uncertainty
and insecurity. China experiences “official mogul” corruption, in which officials abuse state power with impunity, although
that process is becoming increasingly fragmented. The four syndromes may help us understand why corruption and rapid growth
have coexisted in some, but not all, Asian states for long periods of time, and may also help us understand why some of those
states will adapt to new global realities only with some difficulty. They also show how “consensus”-driven reforms emanating
from the west may not only be ineffective, but may actually make matters worse. 相似文献
7.
This paper examines how forensic clinicians, particularly psychiatrists, help maintain the “constructed normality” of capitalist,
patriarchal relations in contemporary liberal democratic states. The specific focus is a comparison of decision-making about
accused women and men at a Canadian pre-trial clinic. Using quantitative and qualitative data, the authors argue that clinicians
rarely express overt bias towards “clients”, but their assessments for the courts are shaped by intertwined assumptions about
class and gender embodied in familial ideology which condemn most of the assessees to negative outcomes. Thus, forensic psychiatrists
make moral judgements about accused persons which are transformed by technocratic, medico-legal discourse into “scientific”
ones. In this way, clinicians individualize and depoliticize the deviance of their “clients” and provide the rationale for
decisions made by other carceral agents to sanction offenders. 相似文献
8.
Charles Woolfson 《Critical Criminology》2006,14(4):339-364
This article begins by presenting a brief overview of the neglected area of “safety crime” in the post-communist states of Central and Eastern Europe. Quantitative and qualitative evidence is reviewed, suggesting both the widespread nature of safety crimes, and a deteriorating work environment, in which safety crimes are routinely tolerated. Evidence of the “institutionalized tolerance of non-compliance” is provided through a case study of labor inspection in the new member states, focusing on Latvia, currently the worst performer in health and safety in Europe. Against a background of general violations of labor rights, current innovations in European-level regulatory strategies are critiqued, in particular, the shift towards “soft law” and compliance-based strategies, relying on appeals to corporate social responsibility, together with the encouragement of various forms of voluntary initiatives. It is suggested that such (self)-regulatory strategies may be inappropriate as forms of crime control in the new member states of the European Union. In effect, a convergence domestic and European Union policies may open the door to the further “conventionalization” of safety crimes in the new member states.This article is based on a paper first presented to a seminar, “Regulating Corporate Crime and White-Collar Crime: Developments across Europe”, Finnish Police College, Helsinki, 3–4 September, 2004. Financial support for the research was provided by a European Commission Marie Curie chair award (no: 509727). The author would like to thank Kit Carson and Steve Tombs, as well as the participants in the Helsinki seminar for their helpful comments. Any errors remain those of the author alone. 相似文献
9.
John A. Hunter Aurelio Jose Figueredo Neil M. Malamuth 《Journal of family violence》2010,25(2):141-148
Path analysis was used to assess the contribution of four exogenous developmental variables (sexual abuse, physical abuse,
exposure to violence, exposure to pornography—each occurring prior to age 13) and four personality constructs (“psychopathic
and antagonistic attitudes,” “psychosocial deficits,” “pedophilia,” “hostile masculinity”) to the prediction of non-sexual
delinquency and number of male child victims in a sample of 256 adolescent males with a history of “hands-on” sexual offending.
“Psychosocial deficits” was found to partially mediate the effects of the exogenous variables on both outcomes. Exposure to
violence both directly, and indirectly through “psychopathic and antagonistic attitudes,” contributed to the prediction of
non-sexual delinquency. Sexual abuse by a male directly, and indirectly through “hostile masculinity” and “pedophila”, contributed
to prediction of number of male child victims. Clinical implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
10.
MCMI-III Results for Batterer Program Participants in Four Cities: Less “Pathological” Than Expected
Edward W. Gondolf 《Journal of family violence》1999,14(1):1-17
Previous research using diagnostic inventories describe the extent and nature of psychopathology among batterers. MCMI-III scores from batterers in a multisite program evaluation (n = 840) were used to replicate this previous research. As in previous batterer research using the MCMI-I and MCMI-II, the MCMI-III results suggest a complex diversity of psychological problems that does not readily conform to previous profiles. However, less than half of the men had scores suggesting a personality disorder (BR scores 85), as opposed to 80% in a previous batterer study using the MCMI-II. Only one quarter of the men (25%) show evidence of a severe mental disorder. Narcissistic or antisocial tendencies were evident in 39% of our batterer sample, reflecting the sense of entitlement often attributed to batterers. Voluntary, as opposed to court-referred men, were more likely to have depressive and dependent tendencies and evidence of severe disorders. Our multisite sample appears to be less pathological than previous batterer samples and samples of psychiatric or drug outpatients. 相似文献
11.
Recent experimental evaluations have suggested little or no effect of batterer programs on reassault but are compromised by methodological and analytical issues. This study assesses program effect using propensity score analysis with a quasi-experimental sample in an attempt to address these issues. The sample consisted of 633 batterers and their partners from three geographically dispersed batterer programs and a 15-month follow-up with their female partners. Subclassification on propensity scores was used to balance program completers and program dropouts. The propensity score was estimated as the probability of completing the batterer program conditional on observable characteristics. Direct adjustment indicates that program completion reduced the probability of reassault during the 15-month follow-up by 33% for the full sample, and by nearly 50% for the court-ordered men. 相似文献
12.
Self-reports on domestic violence inventories remain the basis of court and clinical decision-making and program outcome evaluations, but previous research questions their reliability and validity. Accurate prediction of underreporting would help practitioners and researchers adjust batterer and victim self-reports. We develop prediction equations of underreporting on the Conflict Tactics Scale, using a multi-site database of men admitted to batterer programs and their female partners (n = 840). First we use variables measured at program intake to predict female and male underreporting of male violence at program intake. Second, we use variables measured at program intake, as well as measures of program participation, to predict male-female disagreement (male underreporting) at 12-month follow-up. Several variables were predictive of underreporting, both at intake and follow-up, but overall prediction was marginally better than chance. The findings suggest that men and women underreport based on situational factors (such as relationship characteristics) and rational reasons, rather than based on personality traits or social desirability. However, the ability to predict underreporting is too weak for adjustment of self-reports by clinicians and program evaluators. 相似文献
13.
The main reasons abused men do not seek social services include their strong endorsement of social/cultural values and avoidance
of gender role conflict. Through internet-based service connections, we did not find sources in Asia, Australia, or New Zealand
that advertised programs exclusively for male victims of domestic violence (DV). Nine social services in Hong Kong and Singapore
describe their work with men in DV situations, but the main focus is “men as perpetrators.” Targeting men as victims, 32 sources
in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom describe services designed especially for male DV victims. Findings demonstrate
that services for male victims must address such factors as secretiveness, cultural values, masculine identity, tolerance,
shame, and loss of face. 相似文献
14.
Katreena Scott Colin King Holly McGinn Narges Hosseini 《Journal of family violence》2011,26(2):139-149
This article presents results of a quasi-experimental trial of a 6 week motivation enhancing intervention for batterers highly
resistant to intervention. One hundred and forty one (29%) highly resistant batterers were identified from a consecutive sample
of 486 men referred to a large batterer intervention program. Resistant batterers attended either standard intervention (16 weeks)
or a specialized 6 week motivation enhancing group followed by 10 weeks of standard intervention. Observation of counselor
behaviors confirmed significant differences in rates of confrontation across groups. Analyses of immediate program outcomes
provide some support for the value of motivation enhancing intervention. Resistant batterers who attended specialized intervention
completed intervention at a significantly higher rate (84.2%) than both resistant clients in standard intervention (46.5%)
and non-resistant clients (61.1%). Differences were maintained even after controlling for demographic and lifestyle related
predictors of attrition. Advantages of specialized intervention did not extend to counselor-rated success at meeting core
treatment goals. Discussion focuses on the implications of these results for the use of motivation enhancing intervention
strategies to improve attendance at batterer intervention programs. 相似文献
15.
Denise C. Gottfredson 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2010,6(3):229-243
Joan McCord’s follow-up study of the Cambridge–Somerville Youth Project showed that even well-intentioned, well-implemented
prevention programs sometimes have harmful effects on participants. She reported that peer reinforcement of delinquent behaviors
or bragging about delinquent behaviors that occurred during summer camp experiences provided as part of the project might
explain the negative outcomes observed for treatment boys. We explored this “deviancy training” mechanism in the context of
an evaluation of an after-school program. The study found that peer deviancy training does occur in the context of after-school
programs, that it is more likely to occur during less structured activities, and that more violent behavior also occurs during
these less structured times. Also, the amount of adult supervision that is afforded in after-school programs did not counteract
the reinforcing effect of peers. Finally, we showed that while teaching a prevention curriculum that was part of the after-school
program, the most effective group leaders provided positive reinforcement for students’ pro-deviancy expressions. A scale
assessing beliefs that illegal, violent, and risky behaviors are common and acceptable in the peer group favored the control
students in the programs in which group leaders were observed providing this positive reinforcement. Implications for prevention
programming are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Paul J. Becker Arthur J. Jipson Alan S. Bruce 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2002,26(2):181-202
In 1980, a jury returned “not guilty” verdicts on three counts of reckless homicide against the Ford Motor Company. The company
was indicted when three girls were killed after their Ford Pinto burst into flames following a rear impact collision. This
paper re-examines the consequences of this landmark case involving corporate wrongdoing from the perspectives of the participants
20 years later. Interviews were conducted with 22 individuals directly involved with the litigation, as well as with insightful
observers and experts. The lasting impact of this case is demonstrated through its influence on the development of corporate
liability, even though the company was found “not guilty.” 相似文献
17.
Cheryl B. Leggon 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2006,31(3):325-333
Often the term “women” is assumed to include women of color in the same way as the terms “African American” and “Hispanic”
are assumed to include both women and men. Although women of color and non-Hispanic white women are under represented in the
science labor force, the rates of and factors contributing to this under representation differ by race and ethnicity. Consequently,
disaggregating data on women in science by race and ethnicity is crucial to capture these differences. Such distinctions are
critical to developing effective policy, practice, and programs to increase the participation of women in science. 相似文献
18.
Critical Criminology - This article describes the ways in which the formerly incarcerated participants understand “hustling” and the “hustle.” Based on ethnographic... 相似文献
19.
The difference between criminals and non-criminals has always been a topic for criminal psychologists. It is easy to describe
the features of offences by their social and legal attributes, while it is still difficult to find any significant difference
of the features from ontological perspective of criminals. To get to know criminals from the point of personality, we may
discover the essential features of criminals. However, while acknowledging the role of personality, the variables such as
situations, moods and social relationships can not be neglected. Meanwhile, it is also necessary to study the personality
mechanism of criminals.
Zhang Shaogang, an associate professor in Communication University of China, also acts as compere in the program of the “Jinri
Shuofa” (legal report) and “Dajia Kanfa” (all get close to the law). Since 2006, he became a Ph.D candidate at China University
of Political Science and Law, majoring in the direction of criminal psychology. His publications include “TV Planning Outline”,
“On the New Planning of TV”, “Television Programs and Program Planning”. The large-scale live broadcasts called “20 Hours
of Life” referring to three cross-strait districts, presided by him, achieved the first prize of China News Awards in the
category of live televisions. 相似文献
20.
Using official data, 331 boot camp participants and a stratified random sample of 369 regular probationers were tracked for
rearrests over a threeyear period. Chisquare tests and logistic regression analysis indicate that participation in boot camp
was significantly associated with rearrest for drug offenses, offenses categorized as “other,” and all types of offenses combined.
Contrary to most prior research, which suggests that boot camp participation has no effect on subsequent criminal behavior,
the results in this study indicate that participation in the boot camp program had a detrimental effect on its participants. 相似文献