IMF职能改革：美国的观点及其评析

金融危机的频繁发生对于国际货币基金组织及其职能提出了挑战,国际社会对于IMF改革的呼声日益高涨。美国关于IMF职能改革的主流观点是要进一步强化其危机预防和管理职能,反对为克服金融危机而提供大规模援助。这一观点既具有合理性,也存在明显的缺陷和不足。国际货币基金组织的改革应遵循公平、公开的原则,要加快制度创新和完善治理结构,其职能应随国际经济环境变化及时加以调整和不断完善。     

IMF份额与治理改革方案的法律思考

2008年全球金融危机横行肆虐,危机救援急需之际,世界再次将目光聚焦到国际货币基金组织。基金组织所固有的法律缺陷,使其合法有效性日益遭到质疑,改革势在必行。金融危机在沉重打击全球经济的同时,也推动了全球治理模式和经济格局的转变,为基金组织法律改革提供了难得契机。2010年份额和治理改革方案在此背景下应运而生,该方案增加了份额总量,做出了利于发展中国家的份额调整,完善了治理模式。然而,方案受阻于美国国会无法按期生效,方案内容设计上也存在诸多不足。在未来,各国应协力推动方案在2014年底生效,并通过提升份额总量、修改份额公式、改革决策机构、完善治理模式等方式深化改革,确保基金组织的合法有效性,使其更好地为世界经济服务。     

国际货币基金组织投票权分配制度及其改革:发展中国家的视角

投票权的分配直接关系到成员国在IMF中发言权的大小.IMF的投票权分配制度,没有跟上不断变化的国际经济现实,亦未能给发展中国家参与决策提供有效保障.从发展中国家的视角对IMF投票权分配制度进行历史性梳理,评析相关改革意见和举措,为建构稳定与和谐的国际货币金融秩序奠定群策群力的社会基础,具有现实的参考意义.     

A One-Sided Proposal

Professor A. Ushakov's proposals are permeated with concern only for those who do not participate in the exchange and remain in the apartment, although, as a general rule, it is the families that exchange that are deserving of greater sympathy.     

A Proposal for a New Rule of Adverse Possession

In this paper, I propose a new rule of adverse possession whereby the occupier acquires title if the owner does not raise an objection to the occupation within the legal limitation and at the same time the owner himself has not met the legal standard of monitoring effort. I show that the proposed rule with suitably chosen legal standard of monitoring effort can improve efficiency relative to the current rule of adverse possession.     

国际商事仲裁中当事人意思自治领域的新发展——以《纽约公约》第5、6、7条的修改为中心

《纽约公约》是当今承认与执行外国仲裁裁决领域最具影响力的国际公约,自1958年生效以来,已经得到约140个国家的承认。《纽约公约》对促进国际经贸的发展作出了巨大的贡献,但在近半个世纪的适用实践中,它也暴露出一些不足,在某些方面还引起了较大的争议。本文从仲裁的本质出发,论述如何通过对《纽约公约》的修改,扩大当事人意思自治的范围,营造一个更有利于国际商事仲裁的环境。     

A Proposal for a Framework Convention on Global Health

This article searches for solutions to the most perplexing problemsin global health—problems so important that they affectthe fate of millions of people, with economic, political, andsecurity ramifications for the world's population. No State,acting alone, can insulate itself from major health hazards.It is for this reason that safeguarding the world's populationrequires cooperation and global governance. What is truly needed,and what richer countries instinctively do for their own citizens,is to meet what I call ‘basic survival needs.’ Byfocusing on the major determinants of health, the internationalcommunity could dramatically improve prospects for good health.A vehicle such as a Framework Convention on Global Health (FCGH)could powerfully improve global health governance. Such a FrameworkConvention would commit States to a set of targets, both economicand logistic, and dismantle barriers to constructive engagementby the private and charitable sectors. It would stimulate creativepublic/private partnerships and actively engage civil societystakeholders. A FCGH could set achievable goals for global healthspending; define areas of cost effective investment to meetbasic survival needs; build sustainable health systems; andcreate incentives for scientific innovation for affordable vaccinesand essential medicines.     

Conditionality and Enlargement in Light of EU Constitutional Developments

Abstract: Conditionality has deeply affected European integration, particularly in what concerns EU human rights external policy on the one hand, and the enlargement process on the other hand. This paper affords a picture of the problems which conditionality has raised, not only on legal grounds, but also for the shaping and the understanding of the European identity. Moreover, the paper investigates how recent EU developments, such as the further stages of the enlargement process and the ‘Treaty establishing a European Constitution’, might change the course of, and might be affected by, conditionality.