青年志愿服务事业机制建设探讨

青年志愿服务事业的机制建设,有内部机制、外部机制之分。它作用于青年志愿服务事业的全过程, 缺少任何一环机制.或者任何一个环节的机制不完善,势必影响青年志愿服务,势必影响青年志愿服务事业的发 展。     

Sex role strain among kibbutz adolescents and adults: A developmental perspective

In spite of a commitment to equality, the kibbutz is a male-dominated society with highly differentiated sex roles. Has this gap between ideals and reality created sex role strain for kibbutz-born adolescents and adults? Previous kibbutz studies have suggested that sex role strain may be the most intense among adult kibbutz women. Based on Erik Erikson's developmental model, however, we hypothesized that adolescent females would experience significantly greater sex role strain than other kibbutz members, including adult women. Adolescent and adult males and females were tested using Loevinger's ego development test. The sex role items of the test were used to construct a new measure of sex role strain. The global index included the following submeasures: avoidance of sex role issues; expression of intellectual, emotional, or behavioral sex role conflict; and evaluative attitudes toward male roles and female roles. Significant cohort or sex differences were found on the global index and on all submeasures of sex role strain. The findings indicate that sex role strain is greatest among adolescent females, followed by adolescent males. Adult kibbutz women, however, are significantly more likely to focus their dissatisfaction in the area of actual role behavior rather than in terms of how they intellectually conceptualize kibbutz sex roles, as is the case for adolescents and adult males.     

广东省青年志愿服务转型与发展的思考

广东省青年志愿服务近十年来得到迅速发展,但面临２１世纪的社会需求,青年志愿服务必须实现转型。其转型背景包括民间需求强烈、社会资源丰富、政府导向明确、国际影响加大;青年志愿服务的结构转型主要的是建立协调中心、管理组织调整、服务团体分化、鼓励自由组合、完善激励机制;青年志愿服务的发展趋势是日常化、普遍化、持久化、社区化、法制化、科学化．     

汕头市青年志愿者行动的实践与思考

回顾汕头市青年志愿者行动的发展历程 ,在总结其主要经验的基础上 ,我们必须从 5个方面来进一步做好汕头市的青年志愿者工作 :科学安排青年志愿服务活动 ,科学招募青年志愿者 ,科学培训青年志愿者 ,科学管理青年志愿者队伍 ,加快青年志愿服务立法步伐。     

Some relationships between sociopolitical ideology and moral character among college youth

This report is intended to clarify the relationship, observed in studies using Kohlberg's moral character model, between the character of college youth and their ideology. With a student sample, measures of three of Hogan's dimensions of moral character (moral judgment, socialization, and empathy) were correlated with sociopolitical ideology defined in terms of several indices of liberalismconservatism. Only the moral judgment dimension (ethics of social responsibility vs. ethics of personal conscience) as measured by Hogan 's Survey of Ethical Attitudes was related to ideology. These results indicate that in accordance with an ethics of responsibility, conservatives have a greater respect for the utility of rules in regulating human conduct and a greater tendency to attribute blame to the individual rather than the societal environment. The study provided no evidence to support conservative charges that radical youth possess delinquent predispositions or liberal and radical claims that conservatives are less concerned about the welfare of others.The research reported in this article was supported by a Faculty Research Fellowship awarded to the author for the summer of 1974 by the Research Foundation of the State University of New York.Received Ph.D. in 1973 from the Department of Psychology at The Johns Hopkins University. Major areas of interest are social psychology and the psychology of social issues.     

Toward analysis of the relations among the youth counterculture,telephone hotlines,and anonymity

During the 1960s, there emerged a youth culture which had two major orientations: the Counterculture and the Movement. We are well informed about this youth culture, its social values, social norms, and emergent social roles (e.g., hippie, freak, radical, dropout). Part of these social and political movements was the creation of alternative, counterculture, or radical human service programs. Early examples were free medical clinics, drop-in centers, and telephone hotlines. Among the actual differences in these programs compared to older, established human service agencies was (is) the prominent position of the social value of client anonymity. This notion of client anonymity is examined in the attempt to understand its role in the relations among themes of the Counterculture, individual youth, their peers, and youth-serving agencies.Holds degrees in social work and public health and is currently completing a report of a national survey of hotlines and youth crisis programs and working with others in editing papers for a monograph from a conference on evaluating hotlines. The survey data will appear in that publication.     

当前青年面临的压力及其应对方式

当前中国青年面临的压力主要有 :价值冲突压力、选择压力、就业和工作压力、学业压力等、婚恋压力以及人际关系压力等。在各种压力下 ,青年人的身心健康状况受到了不同程度的影响。青年人应采取适当的应对方式来平衡自己的心态 ,以应付所面临的各种压力     

Functions of drinking for Native American and White youth

Despite long concern in the United States over alcohol consumption by adolescents and problems associated with drinking among Native Americans, few studies have dealt with the functions of drinking for Native American and White youth. The findings presented here are based on responses to a self-report questionnaire administered to ninth- through twelfth-grade students at two high schools in Fremont County, Wyoming — the county where the great majority of Wyoming's Native American population resides. Based on work by Jessor, Carman and Grossman, 30 items concerning positive-social, personal-effect, and experiential reasons for drinking were examined. Although there are some statistically significant differences in responses to individual items and statistically significant differences between Indian and White males and females on the Personal-Effect and Positive-Social categories of items, the functions of drinking appear to be quite similar for these Indian and White youth.Received his Ph.D. in sociology from Yale University in 1966. Current research interest is determining the impact of a heroin treatment program on the incidence and prevalence of heroin use in Cheyenne, Wyoming.     

Self-esteem,self-concept stability,and aspects of ethnic identity among minority and majority youth in the Netherlands

This study investigates the relationship between ethnic identity and self-feelings among minority and majority youth living in the Netherlands. Contrary to existing studies, not only global self-esteem is assessed but also self-concept stability, and in addition, not only ethnic group membership was studied but also different aspects of ethnic identity: ethnic group identification and ingroup evaluation. There were no significant differences between minority and majority youth for global self-esteem and for self-concept stability. In addition, among the various ethnic groups there was only a small group who reported fluctuating self-feelings. However, as predicted, minority youth identified more strongly with their ethnic group and evaluated their group more positively than Dutch contemporaries. It is concluded that research should pay attention to the different aspects involved in order to understand more fully the possible consequences of ethnic minority identity for psychological well-being.Received Ph.D. in social psychology from Erasmus University, Rotterdam. Major research interests are in self-concept and identity among minority youth, and in interethnic relations.     

共青团服务青年就业和再就业工作思考

十六大报告指出 :“就业是民生之本。”贯彻十六大精神 ,搞好青年就业和再就业工作 ,共青团组织责无旁贷。共青团应引导青年树立正确的就业观念 ,提升青年的“可就业指数” ,对青年进行创业辅导 ,开展青年就业中介服务 ,帮助青年进行职业生涯设计 ,开创青年就业和再就业工作新局面。     

社区志愿服务与老年人保障

计划经济时期,我国的老年人保障完全依赖于家庭与政府两极。随着我国人口老龄化的加速和家庭功能的削弱,传统的老年保障体系已越来越难以满足老年人日益增长的需求,需要有新的组织创新。在这一背景下,我国的老年保障体系逐步形成了政府、营利机构、非营利机构和家庭四足鼎立的格局。其中,最为引人注目的是社区志愿组织在城市社区老年保障体系中的作用。     

The mystique of first intercourse among college youth: The role of partners,contraceptive practices,and psychological reactions

The purpose of this study was to examine first sexual intercourse as it relates to gender differences regarding involvement in various sexual behaviors, the role of the partner, contraceptive practices, sexual guilt, and sexual satisfaction. An anonymous 155-item questionnaire was distributed to 304 never-married female and male undergraduate students at a Midwestern state university. Of these respondents, only those with sexual intercourse experience were included in this study. The overall mean age at first sexual intercourse was 17.7 years for females and 17.8 years for males. Although both males and females experienced first intercourse with older partners, females were more likely to be in committed relationships. First intercourse was characterized by a lack of contraceptive use, primarily due to lack of planning. Compared to males, females were less physiologically and psychologically satisfied with their first sexual intercourse experience.Support for data collection and coding was from the College of Arts and Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Eau Claire and for data analyses from Academic Computing Services, University of Wisconsin—Eau Claire. In addition, tables were produced by the Media Development Center with support from the School of Graduate Studies and Office of University Research, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire.Received Ph.D. in human ecology from Michigan State University. Her major research interests include the female sexual response and sexual satisfaction; family, health, and stress issues of menopausal women; and work and the family.Received Ph.D. in marriage and family from the University of Florida. His major research interests include sexual altitudes and behavior of college women and men, the female sexual response and sexual satisfaction including perceptions of the Grafenberg Spot and female ejaculation, and attitudes toward adoption among unmarried teens.Received Ph.D. in marriage and family therapy from the Florida State University. Her major interests include the influence of early sexual involvement on contraceptive practices and sexual satisfaction, and adult children of alcoholics.     

网络文化的特征与青少年思想政治教育的思路

在网络时代下 ,我们必须从网络文化所寓的开放性、虚拟性、人性的载体和不可控性四大特征出发 ,克服传统思想政治工作的不足 ,从抓住主动、重视多元、网络排污、以德济法 ,加强民主建设等新的思路和方法中找到出路。     

英国志愿服务发展及对中国的启示

英国是世界上志愿服务最成熟的国家之一,分析英国志愿服务的成功经验,对我国发展青年志愿者行动有着重要的启发意义。     

发挥高校共青团优势培养新世纪人才

处在世纪之初的高校共青团必须在思想政治教育、校园文化建设、社会实践活动、勤工助学和维护学校稳定等方面发挥重要作用,也就是说共青团必须充分发挥党的助手作用,构建团员青年的思想政治教育新体系;必须以培养"四有"人才为中心,构建校园文化新格局;必须把教育青年和服务青年结合起来,构建服务青年学生的新体系;必须大力加强团的自身建设,构建团组织适应时代要求的运行机制.     

Love and guilt: Normative orientations and their implications for accommodation and resistance among women

In the New Women's Movement we have discovered internal limitations to our liberation efforts. To a great extent these problems are the result of normative orientations of women. Internalized sex-role expectations lead women to reproduce the external conditions which serve to oppress them. Therefore women must begin to reflect critically upon these role models as a prerequisite for strategies for empowerment.However, the central sex-role expectations are contradictory: on the one hand women are socially obligated to behave in a loving and caring manner. The self denial and self-effacement which are demanded of women serve to maintain patriarchic dominance. On the other hand, this feminine social behavior encompasses a counterforce to the dominant values of exchange and competition: therefore it points beyond existing power relationships. Normative orientations of women ensure their accommodation and also their resistance to existing social relations.     

Racial Pride and Religiosity among African American Boys: Implications for Academic Motivation and Achievement

The persistent underachievement among African American boys has led to increased empirical inquiry, yet little research considers within-group variation in achievement nor positive youth characteristics that help explain positive achievement outcomes. This study conceptualized culturally-based factors (racial pride and religiosity) as adolescent assets that would promote African American boys’ achievement and also enhance positive effects of other youth assets (positive educational utility beliefs) on achievement. Our sample included 158 adolescent boys (M = 17.08) from a large, socioeconomically diverse suburban community context. Accounting for demographic background variables, educational utility beliefs were positively associated with academic grade performance. A significant educational utility beliefs and racial pride interaction indicated a stronger, positive association of educational utility beliefs with grade performance among boys with higher racial pride relative to those with lower racial pride. Also, there was a stronger positive association between educational utility beliefs and grades for boys reporting lower religious importance, but boys endorsing both lower educational utility beliefs and religious importance were at highest risk for low grade performance. Overall results suggest the importance of considering culturally-based factors in studying achievement motivation processes among ethnic minority adolescents.