区域金融差距与区域经济发展

无论从金融配置促进经济发展的一般机理分析,还是从我国区域金融差距与区域经济发展的实证分析,都可以看出地区间的金融差距可以集中解释地区间的发展差距,而地区间金融的协调发展可促进各地区经济的均衡增长。但是,由于我国金融制度的缺陷,我国金融区域间的配置没有与区域间的经济增长相协调。因此,充分重视金融的支持和推动作用,形成完善的区域金融体系,制定规范的区域金融发展战略和有差别的区域金融调控政策,加大对落后地区的金融扶持力度,将有利于我国区域经济的协调发展。     

Incentives and political contributions

Two implications from this research are noted. First, from a researcher's viewpoint, our research suggests the importance of age, wealth, tax rates, and marital status as determinants of political contributions by top U.S. wealth-holders. Therefore, these factors should be included in aggregated models that attempt to analyze the relations between such variables as voting, campaign expenditures and the outcomes of elections. Second, from politicians' viewpoints, this research suggests that individual economic variables such as marginal tax rates and wealth are major determinants of individual decisions to contribute to politicians. Assuming that such contributions reflect votes, this research suggests the relative importance of focusing campaign promises on economic variables — a strategy that low tax politicians like Ronald Reagan and George Bush may keenly be aware of.The views presented are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the Treasury Department.     

Designing Economic Development Incentives: The Case of Industrial Development Bonds in Chicago: 1977–1987

This article explores how the overall policy system affects the operation of economic development programs by presenting a case study of the City of Chicago's Industrial Development Bond (IDB) program between 1977–1987. By comparing Chicago IDB recipients with a representative group of Chicago manufacturers, this case study reveals that IDBs went to a self-selected group of manufacturers of larger size, that were already growing, but belonged to declining manufacturing sectors. Overall, despite bold promises, IDB recipients created few new jobs.     

创新依托发展理念,推进区域协调发展

国务院在关于推进天津滨海新区开发开放的相关文件中,不仅提出了天津滨海新区开发开放依托京津冀的新定位,而且提出了区域依托发展的新命题,这不仅是对科学发展观的运用与发展,更是区域各方以“共举”、“共建”与“共享”为原则的科学发展新理念。这一新理念不仅开拓了区域经济理论研究的新视野,拓展了区域经济发展的新思路,更揭示出依托发展蕴藏的巨大潜力与旺盛生命力。     

对中国区域经济发展战略的再认识

中国的区域经济发展战略相继经历了均衡、非均衡和协调发展三个阶段,本文立足于中国区域经济发展的现状,针对区域经济的非均衡发展、互动性较差、差距扩大三大问题,借鉴区域平衡增长论、区域不平衡增长论和区域阶段发展论,探讨了国外典型区域经济政策的战略选择,重点分析了中国区域经济发展中的战略变化和政策调整,提出今后中国区域经济的协调、和谐、互补和循环四个新型发展战略。     

Leader Incentives and Civil War Outcomes

This article examines the influence that rebel and state leaders have on civil war outcomes, arguing that incentives to avoid punishment influence their strategic decision making during war.  Leaders in civil war face punishment from two sources: internal audiences and opponents. I hypothesize that leaders who bear responsibility for involvement in the war have a higher expectation of punishment from both sources following unfavorable war performance, and thus, have incentives to continue the fight in the hope of turning the tide and avoiding the negative consequences of defeat. These incentives, in turn, make leaders who bear responsibility more likely to fight to an extreme outcome and less likely to make concessions to end the war.  These propositions are tested on an original data set identifying all rebel and state leaders in all civil conflict dyads ongoing between 1980 and 2011.  Results support the hypothesized relationships between leader responsibility and war outcomes.     

The Networked Polity: Regional Development in Western Europe

Books Reviewed:
Unmasking Administrativem Evil . Guy B. Adams and Danny L. Balfour.
The Responsible Administrator: An Approach to Ethics for the Administrative Role . Terry L. Cooper.
Public Service and Democracy: Ethical Imperatives for the 21st Century . Louis C. Gawthrop.
Parliaments and Pressure Groups in Western Europe Philip Norton, ed.
It Takes a Nation: A New Agenda for Fighting Poverty Rebecca Blank.
The Quest for Responsibility: Accountability and Citizenship in Complex Organizations Mark Bovens
In Pursuit of Good Administration: Ministers, Civil Servants, andJudges Diana Wood-house.     

Achieving Sustainable Development: Scientific Uncertainty and Policy Innovation in Tasmanian Regional Development

Following the UNCED Conference of 1992, most nations have committed themselves to sustainable development. But what does this phrase mean in practice and how is it being implemented in federal countries such as Australia? In particular, what are the implications for peripheral regional economies such as Tasmania? This article examines the establishment and initial operations of the Sustainable Development Advisory Council (SDAC) in Tasmania and actions taken with respect to two major projects: development and ratification of a State Coastal Policy and redevelopment of the Mt Lyell copper mine in western Tasmania, designated a Project of State Significance (POSS). Both involve a perplexing conjunction of scientific uncertainty, economic significance and innovative policy-making. Do they indicate a need to reinvent policy process? What are the broader implications for public policy?     

科研激励辩证观

强化科研激励,有利于提高教师的地位与待遇,有助于促进教研人员潜心开展研究,有益于实现多出精品、多出人才的目标。在强化科研激励的过程中,应当正确认识与妥善处理好若干辩证关系:克服官本位意识与尊师重教的关系,物质追求与精神追求的关系,增加经费投入与营造学术氛围的关系,提高主体觉悟与加强制度建设的关系,强化正向奖励与实施负面惩处的关系,重视教学与重视科研的关系。     

区域协调发展与地方政府制度创新

地方政府制度对区域协调发展的影响,既包括地方政府制度创新对区域发展的积极作用,也包括地方政府制度创新异化对区域发展的负面影响。促进区域发展以及实现区域间协调发展需要规范地方政府制度创新的思路:即从推动本地区经济发展的角度来看,地方政府制度创新的目的在于提升地方政府的效能,为本地区经济发展提供一个好的环境;从推动区域协调发展上看,地方政府制度创新要有助于协调好地方政府间关系,有助于区域经济整体的发展。     

Incentives and the Natural Duties of Justice

In this paper I explore a possible response to G.A. Cohen's critique of the Rawlsian defence of inequality-generating incentives. Much of the debate on this topic has neglected the importance Rawls places on the principles that apply to individuals. I explore two possible strategies. First, to argue that self-seeking high-fliers fail to fulfil the natural duty to uphold justice; secondly, to argue that such individuals fail to fulfil the natural duty of mutual respect. These two strategies allow Rawlsians to argue that justice as fairness does require an ethos that is violated by the market behaviour of self-seeking high-fliers.     

系统动力学在区域经济可持续发展中的应用

本文简述了系统动力学和可持续发展的概念,将二者有机结合,并将系统动力学应用于区域经济的可持续发展中。     

知识经济时代的区域发展研究

核心-外围结构是区域经济运行演进的内在地域空间结构特征。新区域经济问题的产生及政府行为变迁给区域发展理论研究提出了挑战,主要表现为生产要素地域空间流动与产业演进的非区域化趋势明显,传统区域经济理论的解释力下降。     

Budgetary Incentives for Retail Activities at Military Bases

The Department of Defense (DoD) operates an extensive system of retail activities at military bases for active duty, retired, and reserve personnel and their families. DoD stores employ 96,000 civilian workers and sell $14 billion of goods and services annually at below-market prices. DoD resists efforts to reduce its role in retail activities, arguing that even within the United States stores with below-market prices are a cost-effective alternative to higher cash compensation for military personnel. This article examines the budgetary incentives that make inefficient, government-operated stores attractive to DoD and describes options that would change those incentives. Because most of DoD's retail stores are controlled by nonappropriated fund instrumentalities of the federal government, reforming those incentives could require changes in the treatment of these poorly understood federal entities.     

Government Incentives when Pollution Permits are Durable Goods

This paper analyzes the incentive effects of pollution taxesversus pollution permits for a budget oriented Government.Pollution permits are analyzed as durable goods, and apollution tax is seen as being equivalent to leasing outpollution permits. First, a general model is developed, andthen four stylized types of Government are discussed (abenevolent dictator, a pure Leviathan, a green and a business-friendly Government). We show that all types of Governmentprefer a pollution tax system, but this regime is notnecessarily the best in social welfare terms. The intuition isthat a tax or leasing system makes it easier for theGovernment to credibly commit to the budget maximizing levelof pollution permits which is good for Government revenues,but not necessarily for social welfare.     

Centripetal and Centrifugal Incentives under Different Electoral Systems

In a seminal article, Cox (1990) suggested that electoral systems with larger district magnitudes provide incentives for parties to advocate more extreme policy positions. In this article, we put this proposition to the test. Informed by recent advances in spatial models of party competition, we introduce a design that embeds the effect of electoral rules in the utility function of voters. We then estimate the equilibrium location of parties as the weight voters attach to the expected distribution of seats and votes changes. Our model predicts that electoral rules affect large and small parties in different ways. We find centripetal effects only for parties that are favorably biased by electoral rules. By contrast, smaller parties see their vote share decline and are pushed toward more extreme equilibrium positions. Evidence from 13 parliamentary democracies supports model predictions. Along with testing the incentives provided by electoral rules, results carry implications for the strategies of vote‐maximizing parties and for the role of small parties in multiparty competition.