联合国对“特制药物”有禁令

3月2日．国际麻醉品管制局在联合国纽约总部发布了2010年年度报告，全面介绍了当前世界药物管制的现状以及面临的挑战。报告特别指出，近年来，国际毒品市场上为规避管制措施而研制的“特制药物”（designerdrugs．国内又称为策划药或迷幻药）越来越多．国际麻管局建议各国政府制定应对此类药物的全面措施，以有效地打击不法厂商调整药物的分子结构以逃脱监管制造“特制药物”的行为。     

虚假广告制作者年收入百余万

演员拍广告扮专家赚钱，药商靠广告炒作药品挣钱，还有人靠策划广告赚钱。这是一条产生虚假电视广告的链条。一种药，在仅有一张产品说明的情况下，广告策划者能把它包装成“灵丹”。昨天，记者以药商身份走访了一家影视策划公司，这是一个年轻人的团队，专门接拍各种广告。在他们看来，没有“策划不好”的药品。     

药物辅助性犯罪案件中新型苯二氮幕卓类策划药2-氯地西泮的鉴定

目的利用高分辨质谱等技术鉴定药物辅助性犯罪案件中涉及的不在常规检测范围的、完全未知的新型策划药,解决实际案例中的证据问题。方法实际案例中缴获的乳白色液体经提取后使用LC-QE、~1H-NMR和GC-MS等方法进行分析。通过LC-QE获得未知化合物的精确质量数和同位素离子峰簇特征,结合~1H-NMR的质子数确定元素组成为C_(16)H_(12)Cl_2N_2O。通过GC-MS分离、分析同分异构体2-氯地西泮和4-氯地西泮。结果乳白色液体中检出新型苯二氮菒卓类策划药2-氯地西泮,为案件的侦查和定性提供直接证据。结论 LC-QE、~1H-NMR和GC-MS等多种方法联合应用可进行未知、新型精神活性物质鉴定。     

甲卡西酮类新型策划毒品的危害及其检测

甲卡西酮类策划药物是近年出现的新型毒品,在世界范围内已经形成滥用趋势。在介绍甲卡西酮类策划毒品的结构、性质及作用的基础上,对于其滥用现状、危害性和检测方进行了综述,以期对建立复杂生物检材中痕量甲卡西酮类策划毒品的高灵敏检测方法有所助益,对研究甲卡西酮类毒品的毒性作用、体内代谢过程及戒断机制提供参考和依据。     

氯硝柳胺的衍生化气质联用分析

氯硝柳胺（Niclosamide）主要用于杀灭钉螺，其效果是传统灭螺药五氯酚钠的5～8倍，该药物对人、畜及植物的毒性较小，具有高效、低毒、污染少等显著优点。它是1972年以来WHO唯一保留推荐使用的灭螺药，也是目前国内唯一允许使用的化学灭螺药。氯硝柳胺对鱼类有剧毒，因此利用氯硝柳胺对鱼塘实施投毒的案件时有发生。     

新型苯二氮卓类策划药氟阿普唑仑的检验

目的利用高分辨质谱(LC-QTOF)、核磁共振1H-NMR等技术对新型苯二氮卓类策划药氟阿普唑仑进行结构确认,为相关部门提供数据参考。方法对缴获的白色乳液经硅胶层析纯化后用GC-MS、LC-QTOF、1H-NMR进行分析。通过LC-QTOF获得未知化合物的精确质量数和同位素离子峰簇特征,结合1H-NMR的质子数,确定未知化合物的分子式。结果确认乳白色液体提取物的分子式为C17H12ClFN4,是新型苯二氮卓类策划药氟阿普唑仑。结论利用GC-MS、LC-QTOF、1H-NMR多种方法联合应用可用于新型精神活性物质的检验。     

UPLC-QTRAP同时检测8种新型策划药

目的建立一种简单、快速的超高压液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)联用法同时检测毛发样品中8种新型策划药。方法毛发样品经冷冻研磨超声后,通过Phenomenex Kinetex~?F5 100á(50mm×2.1mm,2.6μm)色谱柱进行分离,以5 mmol/L乙酸铵和甲醇为流动相,0.35mL/min流速进行梯度洗脱。在电喷雾离子源正离子(ESI+)模式下,质谱采集使用独有的多反应监测-信息依赖式采集-增强子离子扫描(MRM-IDA-EPI)模式。结果 8种新型策划药在0.1-100 ng/mL的浓度范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.9999)。检出限为1.5 ng/g,5 ng/g、50 ng/g、2500ng/g 3个添加水平的回收率在92.46%～105.70%之间。日间精密度RSD在0.39%～7.67%之间、日内精密度的RSD在0.37%～7.54%之间(n=9)。结论本方法简单快速、特异性强,可同时对毛发样品中8种新型策划药进行定性定量分析。     

期刊策划 需要注意的几个问题

策划是期刊的“点晴”，直接影响一本期刊的生命力，其重要性不言而喻。这也是近年来，期刊策划文章得到读者喜爱的重要原因。然而，作为出版物有其特定的社会背景，同时，政治影响着社会发展和人们生活的方方面面。所以，做好期刊策划，就要求编辑人员有敏锐的政治敏感性，有关注社会的大局意识，又能使读者在潜移默化中得到心灵的升华，陶冶情操。这就需要我们期刊编辑具备一定的“功力”才能策划出具有政治性又有可读性的精神产品。我认为做好期刊策划需要注意以下几个方面的问题。     

老板书架

内容简介：1988年汉城奥运会是奥运历史上最为成功的奥运会之一，创造了多项关于奥运会的记录。这其中，汉城奥运会组委会主席朴世直功不可没，他对整个奥运会进行了全面的策划、组织和管理，本书是他组织奥运会的经验总结，相信对北京举办2008年奥运会带来一些借鉴。奥运会是一次超级策划，和管理方面的一次超级挑战，不论是体育赛事组织者、策划行业，还是企业界及管理界，都可以从中得到教益。     

“云南白药”之争

云南白药集团股份有限公司是云南白药的生产厂家。2006年11月，云南白药集团发现市面上正在销售一种治疗心脏病的药，名叫“益心阳口服液”。这种药物在销售的过程中被宣传为“云南白药姊妹药”，并“与世界闻名的云南白药一脉相承”。“益心阳口服液”宣传册中有这样一段话：“国人都知道鼎鼎大名的云南白药，云南白药研制人家族的李金碧先生，不惜违背祖训，宣布要公开云南白药姊妹药益心阳秘方，益心阳口服液对心脏病的疗效，相当于云南白药治愈创伤。”可是，云南白药集团非常清楚，他们从来没有生产过这种药，云南白药也从来没有什么姊妹药，这“益心阳口服液”怎么就和“云南白药”扯上了关系呢？     

The designer drug situation in Ibiza

A total of 137 urine samples and 46 serum samples, corresponding to 154 self-confessed designer drugs consumers in Ibiza island, were analyzed for the presence of designer drugs: amphetamine and amphetamine derivatives (methamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA), methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), p-methoxymethylamphetamine (PMMA), p-methoxyamphetamine (PMA), etc.), ketamine and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. Among this population, coming both from the forensic clinic and from the emergency room of a hospital, a total of 99 cases were found positive for some designer drug. This study shows the prevalence of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) among designer drug users, sole or in association with other drugs. Also, the mixture of MDMA with other designer drugs, ethanol and/or cocaine is shown to be more likely to produce toxic symptoms requiring clinical attendance in a hospital emergency room. These findings along with the consumption history, the concentrations of drugs and metabolites in urine and serum and the toxicological significance for the interpretation of some MDMA metabolites such as 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA) are discussed in this study.     

The designer drug situation in Ibiza

A total of 137 urine samples and 46 serum samples, corresponding to 154 self-confessed designer drugs consumers in Ibiza island, were analyzed for the presence of designer drugs: amphetamine and amphetamine derivatives (methamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA), methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), p-methoxymethylamphetamine (PMMA), p-methoxyamphetamine (PMA), etc.), ketamine and γ-hydroxybutyric acid. Among this population, coming both from the forensic clinic and from the emergency room of a hospital, a total of 99 cases were found positive for some designer drug. This study shows the prevalence of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) among designer drug users, sole or in association with other drugs. Also, the mixture of MDMA with other designer drugs, ethanol and/or cocaine is shown to be more likely to produce toxic symptoms requiring clinical attendance in a hospital emergency room. These findings along with the consumption history, the concentrations of drugs and metabolites in urine and serum and the toxicological significance for the interpretation of some MDMA metabolites such as 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA) are discussed in this study.     

Parallel artificial membrane permeability assay for blood–brain permeability determination of illicit drugs and synthetic analogues

With the number of designer drugs on the streets rampantly on the rise, it's becoming more and more important to be able to rapidly characterize them in a biologically relevant way. Using a parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) to assess the blood brain barrier permeability has shown to be a high throughput way to compare new drugs with currently controlled substances via their effective permeability values. This combined with direct infusion electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry creates a rapid technique for characterization of new designer drugs. PAMPA has successfully determined the effective permeabilities of cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, MDMA, and several tryptamine derivatives.     

Narcotics at street level in Denmark. A prospective investigation from 1995 to 2000

This article describes an investigation of illicit drugs at street level in six selected police districts in different regions of Denmark. The investigation was carried out during a 6-year period from 1995 to 2000. During the period, a total of 1244 samples were examined, as about 200 samples were seized each year. A total of 94% of the seized samples were familiar drugs: heroin base, heroin hydrochloride, cocaine hydrochloride and amphetamine sulphate. Only 2% of the samples contained designer drugs. From having constituted 53% of the samples in 1995, the frequency of heroin base fell during the period to 27% of the samples in 2000. The frequency of heroin hydrochloride was unchanged. In the same period, the frequency of cocaine hydrochloride increased from 10% of the samples in 1995 to about 25% of the samples in 2000. Apart from a few exceptions, cocaine had the same extension in all regions of Denmark after 1996. Amphetamine was more frequent in the west of Denmark, while heroin hydrochloride was more frequent in central Denmark. The purity of heroin base was lower in the period 1997-1999 than in the other years. During the entire period, the purity of cocaine hydrochloride and amphetamine sulphate fell, while the purity of heroin hydrochloride was unchanged. No significant differences between the various regions of Denmark were detected during the period in the purity of heroin hydrochloride, heroin base, cocaine hydrochloride or amphetamine sulphate. MDMA was the most frequent designer drug, but other types of designer drugs such as MDA and MDE and the less common PMA, PMMA and MBDB were also found.     

Stability study of the designer drugs "MDA, MDMA and MDEA" in water, serum, whole blood, and urine under various storage temperatures.

A controlled study was undertaken to determine the stability of the designer drugs MDA, MDMA and MDEA in pooled serum, whole blood, water and urine samples over a period of 21 weeks. The concentrations of the individual designer drugs in the various matrices were monitored over time, in the dark at various temperatures (-20, 4 or 20 degrees C), for a low (+/- 6 ng/ml for water, serum and whole blood and +/- 150 ng/ml for urine) and a high concentration level (+/- 550 ng/ml for water, serum and whole blood and +/- 2500 ng/ml for urine). Compound concentrations were measured using a validated HPLC assay with fluorescence detection. Our study demonstrated no significant loss of the designer drugs in water and urine at any of the investigated temperatures for 21 weeks. The same results were observed in serum for up to 17 weeks, and up to 5 weeks in whole blood. After that time, the compounds could no longer be analyzed due to matrix degradation, especially in the low concentration samples that were stored at room temperature. This study demonstrates that the designer drugs, MDA, MDMA and MDEA are stable when stored at -20 degrees C for 21 weeks, even in haemolysed whole blood.     

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): one designer drug and serendipity

Through an unlikely series of coincidences and fortunate accidents, the development of Parkinson's disease in several illicit drug users was traced to their use of a meperidine analog contaminated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The discovery of a chemical capable of producing animal models of the disease has revitalized research efforts and resulted in important new information. The serendipitous finding also prompted consideration of what changes seem advisable if designer drugs are to be dealt with more efficaciously.     

"Legal highs"-Toxicity in the clinical and medico-legal aspect as exemplified by suicide with bk-MBDB administration

The easily available "legal highs", which are products containing psychoactive substances, such as cathinones, piperazines and synthetic cannabinoids, are abused by adolescents in Poland and in the world as alternatives to classic drugs, such as amphetamines or marijuana. The majority of these potentially dangerous substances are still legal and they are associated with a risk of severe poisoning or even death, and provide new challenges in clinical and forensic toxicological practice. Investigations in the field of "designer drugs" may be well illustrated by the case of a suicide of a 21-year old male who ingested a specified dose of a preparation called "Amphi-bi-a" that contains bk-MBDB, chemically 2-methylamino-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl) butan-1-one, which belongs to the cathinone group, as a synthetic euphoric empathogen and psychoactive stimulant that is chemically similar to MDMA. It is one of more common components of "legal highs" examined in Poland and other countries. The documentation of the case includes a clinical assessment of the patient's health status performed during his almost 4-h hospitalization before death, autopsy and histological examinations supported by toxicological findings revealing bk-MBDB at extremely high concentrations (at 20mg/l in the blood and 33mg/kg in the liver); hence, this body of evidence contributes to knowledge in the field of "designer drugs". Inventions of designers of new psychoactive xenobiotics, which are much in demand, especially in view of the dynamic Internet marketing, which drums up narcobusiness, must be balanced by a national strategy developed by medical, legal and educational circles in the modern civilized world in order to prevent the spreading of the phenomenon.     

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and other amphetamine derivatives

As various substances of abuse come under Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Schedule restrictions, slightly modified derivatives (designer drugs) replace them. A series of amphetamine derivatives are discussed in this presentation. Applicable analytical methods are presented. Details of cases handled by the office (hospital patients, driving while under the influence/driving under the influence of drugs [DWI/DUID], and medical examiner cases) are discussed.     

Mass spectral and NMR spectral data of two new designer drugs with an alpha-aminophenone structure: 4'-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone and 4'-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinobutyrophenone

This study presents and discusses the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic and mass spectroscopic data of the new designer drug 4'-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinobutyrophenone (MPBP) and its homolog 4'-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (MPHP) which were seized in 2004 and 2000 in Germany for the first time. The structure elucidation of the aliphatic part of MPBP was carried out by product ion spectroscopy of the immonium ion formed after electron ionization as well as with 1H and 13C NMR. Product ion spectroscopy of immonium ions again proved to be a powerful tool to determine the structure of designer drugs and to distinguish between isobaric structures of the alkyl-amino moiety.     

N-甲基-3,4-亚甲二氧基卡西酮的确证

目的 对毒品案件样本进行N-甲基-3,4-亚甲二氧基卡西酮(bk-MDMA)确证检验.方法 采用阴离子检测、颜色反应、气质联用(GC/MS)、核磁共振(NMR)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等方法对毒品案件中白色晶体样本进行剖析确证.结果 快速筛查结果提示样本为具有亚甲二氧基结构的仲胺物质的盐酸盐,经GC/MS、NMR、FTIR检验,确证样本为bk-MDMA,系3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺(3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetmaine,MDMA)的卡西酮类似物.结论 采用本文所用方法可以对毒品案件样本中N-甲基-3,4-亚甲二氧基卡西酮成分进行确证,该药具有滥用的可能性应引起相关部门的重视.