犯罪控制与社会参与——构建和谐社会背景下的思考

和谐社会是稳定而有活力的社会,是国家与社会动态平衡的二元结构社会.在构建和谐社会的大背景下,犯罪控制模式应当由传统的"国家本位模式",向"国家·社会"双本位模式转化,应积极推进犯罪控制中的社会力量参与,以适应社会转型时期,公众对犯罪预防和控制的要求.     

犯罪黑数及其控制

犯罪黑数是指由于各种原因而没有记载在刑事统计中的具体犯罪数据 ,也就是刑事统计犯罪个数与实际发生的犯罪数之差。犯罪黑数存在的原因相当复杂 ,而要控制这一现象 ,也需要从其产生的社会原因、法律原因以及主体因素等方面加以考虑。     

将人格纳入刑事政策的犯罪学理由

如何促进刑事政策合理化?合理的刑事政策必然奠定在对犯罪原因正确认识的基础上。认为,从人格角度解释犯罪原因,能全面、客观地揭示犯罪原因,因而,刑事政策不能不充分考虑犯罪人的人格。     

Crime is a Social Problem

This article seeks to place the study of crime and criminals in the social policy context. Criminal careers research is critically evaluated and modern social trends are outlined as a background to an exploration of the interaction between criminological research findings and social policies for youth in trouble. A contrast is drawn between individualised explanations of criminal behaviour and approaches which seek to place crime in its situational and social context.     

Ethnic Minorities, Social Integration and Crime

This article first discusses various dimensions of the social integration of minorities into society. The Netherlands is taken as an example, although research from other countries (such as the US and Sweden) is also taken into consideration. Useful concepts in this regard include the level to which these groups have social, informative and cultural capital that can help them to integrate into the dominant society. The second part considers the theoretical links between integration and criminal behaviour. The author assumes that the fundamental causal processes that lead to the development of criminality and other negative behaviour are independent of country of origin, ethnic group or the country of residence. In other words – that these processes, as they emerge in social control theory, have a universal character. In the second place, she assumes that differences in crime between ethnic groups are linked to group differences in socio-economic integration in the host country and in culture-related variables. Furthermore, there are also differences in the criminality of allochtonous youth within ethnic groups. These are similarly assumed to be linked to differences in commitment to social institutions such as family and school and to differences in accepting specific Western norms and values.     

The Convergence of Social Policy and Criminal Justice

This article discusses the shift from crime as a problem of the police and judicial authorities to a subject of local policy. It will, in particular, examine the relationship between safety policy and social policy. Safety has become an important social theme in the last decades. There are at least three reasons to explain why this is the case: the increase of crime, increased attention for the victim and the legitimacy of the government. A concentric model is proposed to serve the development of a systematically set up local safety policy. In the Netherlands programmes such as Communities that Care and Justice in the neighbourhood (Jib) are important developments which stress the integral approach of the crime and safety problem. The article closes with a discussion on the convergence of criminal justice policy and social policy.     

城市农民工犯罪与社会治理

城市农民工是城市中的特殊群体,他们在城市发展中扮演着非常重要的角色。但由于受制度歧视,社会保障机制不完善,导致失业严重,加之自身素质低下,造成城市农民工的犯罪活动频繁发生,并以侵财型、犯罪数额少、季节性和团伙性为主要特征,这势必会影响到社会稳定。只有政府转变观念,消除制度歧视,建立涵盖城市农民工的社会保障体系;严格劳动法律法规的实施;加强农民工教育。这样,才能改善农民工的社会地位及生存状况,才能从根本上抑制农民工犯罪。     

Nordic Cooperation in Criminal Policy and Crime Prevention

The Nordic crime prevention councils have tried to articulate their common ideology as the ‘Nordic model’. However, Nordic crime prevention is neither theoretically nor methodologically particularly original. Its common characteristics are best understood against the background of a long‐standing Nordic cooperation in criminal policy and criminology and on the basis of cross‐national influences between historically interrelated and culturally relatively similar countries. The present study describes how crime prevention has developed and is organized in the Nordic countries. It describes cooperation between the national crime prevention councils and their common knowledge and value base. The Nordic countries can offer examples of successful crime prevention, but the fact that these societies with low repression are safe and perceived as safe can hardly be attributed solely to the activities of Nordic crime prevention.     

International Norm Diffusion and Organised Crime Policy: The Case of Greece

The premise of this paper is that a section of the Greek policy-making elite responsible for formulating policy against organised crime has taken advantage of an internationally-developed programme of action on this issue to strengthen perceptions of the Greek state's legitimacy amongst both domestic and foreign audiences. Although positive reaction to foreign pressure for policy change has tended to be made at the risk of losing further legitimacy in the eyes of domestic public opinion, in this case the issue of organised crime has presented an opportunity to the policy-making elite to develop policy that also aims to bolster the domestic legitimacy of the state by dealing with criminality and presenting the state as a clean and neutral body acting for the common public good.     

社会转型时期治安防控体系的思考

社会转型带来利益格局的调整,社会流动的负面效应,原有社会控制被打破而新的社会控制尚未形成,信息时代为犯罪信息传递提供渠道不断增多,这些因素造成社会治安问题多发,严重影响了社会公众的公共安全感。本文意在我国社会转型这一特殊语境下,以构建和谐社会为理念,分析社会治安突出问题的原因,提出通过加强政府的社会控制、完善社会治安综合治理体系、规范发展以保安行业为代表的新型治安防范力量、探索新形势下发动群众参与治安防控的新机制等多种途径构建政府主导的新型社会治安防控体系。     

赦免：因应腐败犯罪之良策？

求助于常规的反腐手段,似无法突破越反越腐败之怪圈.而作为法治例外与补充的赦免制度,具有缓和矛盾、彰显德政、荡涤旧痕、与民更始之刑事政策价值.只要从政治、经济、社会发展的大局考量,能够在整体上取得有益于国家与社会发展之功效,依法适时对腐败犯罪行赦亦未尝不可.当然,赦免只是因应腐败犯罪不得已而为之的非常规手段,只有辅之以官员财产申报等相关配套制度,才能真正开创反腐败的新纪元.     

论社会整合与刑事政策

基于犯罪功能论和社会团结理论的立场,重新审视刑事政策和社会整合之间的互动关系.     

Community Safety and Social Policy

This article examines community safety policy. In many countries community safety has become a replacement discourse for situational crime prevention, although in some countries such as the UK, it too is threatened with replacement by the narrower concerns of crime reduction. Community safety represents the apparent merging of the concerns of criminal justice and social policy, specifically over questions of social inclusion and exclusion. Focusing in the main upon UK policy, but also drawing upon experience elsewhere, this article scrutinises the policy of community safety, arguing that while it offers an inclusionary vision of crime control, its practice may be something rather different. More specifically, and in common with the trajectory of much advanced liberal social policy, in practice community safety may have an exclusionary effect. Thus, while community safety may represent the convergence of social and criminal justice policies, it does so on neoliberal rather than welfare liberal terms. It also means that community safety has a closer connection to policies of punitive sovereignty – particularly sentencing policies of mass incarceration – than might often be assumed.     

犯罪问题是一个公共政策问题——关于犯罪及其控制的政治经济学思考

犯罪是一个公共政策问题.表现之一,犯罪实际上是一种特殊的社会"产业",政府在进行公共决策时无法对它视而不见,也就是说,犯罪问题是影响公共决策的因素之一.表现之二,在诸多犯罪相关因素当中,公共政策是一个最为活跃而重要的变量.因此,一个必然性结论是适当的公共决策就是最好的解决犯罪问题之道.本文表达了作者对犯罪及其控制的深入反思和基本观点.     

宽严相济政策对犯罪控制效率的兼顾

宽严相济的刑事政策以促进社会和谐为基本价值目标,但这一政策对犯罪控制的效率可能产生一定的消极影响。犯罪控制效率同样决定着社会和谐的程度,因此,实施宽严相济刑事政策必须兼顾犯罪控制的效率。其主要对策是,借鉴《联合国反腐败公约》制定的反腐败策略,在立法和司法两个层面鼓励涉嫌犯罪者与刑事执法机关合作,并以现代侦查手段武装侦查机关,提高侦查、公诉机关揭露和证实犯罪的能力。