Forensic toxicologic analysis of methamphetamine and amphetamine in body materials by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of methamphetamine and amphetamine in biologic materials was carried out by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A deuterium-labeled methamphetamine was employed as an internal standard with a detection limit of 50 pg and absolute stability and reproducibility. Blood was found to be the best material for estimation of the toxicity of the stimulant drug. It can be replaced by muscle which contains methamphetamine concentrations close to those of blood. The authors' classification of the toxic blood levels of methamphetamine from therapeutic to fatal doses was confirmed by additional data obtained from new case studies.     

Forensic evaluation of the results of chemical and toxicological analysis of blood alcohol level

According to printed research results, the endogenic level of ethanol in blood amounts to 0.001-0.3%, the physiological level amounts to 0.01-0.4% and the lethal level amounts to 3-17.6%. It was established experimentally that the absolute lethal level of ethanol in blood does not exceed 15%. Criteria of incidental contamination of analyzed blood sample with ethanol are described.     

Forensic aspects of digoxin-poisoning: toxicological and morphological findings (author's transl)]

Case report. A 82 year old woman died 80 min after accidental ingestion of 5 mg beta-methyl-digoxin. The autopsy and the histological examination revealed non-specific alterations due to shock and preexisting coronary heart disease. Digoxin levels in various fluids and tissues were estimated by radioimmunoassay: bloodplasma 20--25 ng/ml, liquor 10--13 ng/ml, liver 100--110 ng/g, kidney 130--145 ng/g; the gastric fluid contained 0,6 mg. Forensic aspects of glycosid-intoxication, especially of the varying concentrations in different tissues, are discussed.     

Forensic toxicological study on adipocere formation in submerged cadavers of female albino rats intoxicated with cadmium

There is a dearth of information on the mutual interaction between metal intoxication and adipocere formation. Herein, 40 adult female albino rats were distributed into two equal groups, one used as control while the other orally administered single dose of cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) 225 mg/kg·bw (LD_min). Control group was killed by cervical dislocation. Half of dead rats of both groups were subjected for determination of iodine value and estimation of cadmium (Cd) residues while the other half of both groups were submerged in opened glass container previously filled with 4 L dechlorinated tap water kept in closed room with an open air access (one cadaver/container). Gross morphological changes of submerged cadavers were recorded weekly along the experiment. At the end of the experiment, after 3 months, samples were collected again for iodine value determination and estimation of Cd residues. The obtained results revealed the depressant effect of Cd toxicity on development of adipocere. Cd residues were found in different tissues of cadavers at time of death with the highest amount in the intestines followed by the liver and kidneys, then lungs, adipose tissue, muscles, and finally the bones. After 3 months of water submersion, tissues exhibited significant decrease in the amount of Cd residues but to a limit that was still detected. This study concluded the possibility of detection of Cd residues even after adipocere formation. Additionally, it shed light on the possibility of the interference of environmental pollution with the natural rate of decomposition especially adipocere formation.     

Complex chemical and toxicological analysis of prosidol

Methods for measuring a Russian narcotic analgesic prosidol are suggested: thin-layer chromatography, microcrystalloscopy, gaseous chromatography with ionization flame detector, gas chromatography with mass selective detector, ultraviolet spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector, proton nuclear magnetic resonance used in chemical toxicological analysis, pharmacological analysis, and investigation of material evidence pieces.     

Forensic analysis of newer TomTom devices

Today many investigations involve TomTom devices due to the wide-spread use of these navigation systems. The process of acquiring a memory dump from the first generation of TomTom devices was relatively easy by utilising the USB-connection and standard forensic tools. Newer devices, however, do not provide this or any other readily available data connection, making the task much more complex. In addition to existing and relatively complex chip-extraction procedures, an easier data acquisition method was developed without the need to de-solder flash memory chips. The presence of new files and the differences in data formats found in these devices meant that new methods of data analysis and decoding also needed to be developed.     

Forensic analysis of the Windows registry in memory

This paper describes the structure of the Windows registry as it is stored in physical memory. We present tools and techniques that can be used to extract this data directly from memory dumps. We also provide guidelines to aid investigators and experimentally demonstrate the value of our techniques. Finally, we describe a compelling attack that modifies the cached version of the registry without altering the on-disk version. While this attack would be undetectable with conventional on-disk registry analysis techniques, we demonstrate that such malicious modifications are easily detectable by examining memory.     

Forensic analysis of video file formats

Video file format standards define only a limited number of mandatory features and leave room for interpretation. Design decisions of device manufacturers and software vendors are thus a fruitful resource for forensic video authentication. This paper explores AVI and MP4-like video streams of mobile phones and digital cameras in detail. We use customized parsers to extract all file format structures of videos from overall 19 digital camera models, 14 mobile phone models, and 6 video editing toolboxes. We report considerable differences in the choice of container formats, audio and video compression algorithms, acquisition parameters, and internal file structure. In combination, such characteristics can help to authenticate digital video files in forensic settings by distinguishing between original and post-processed videos, verifying the purported source of a file, or identifying the true acquisition device model or the processing software used for video processing.     

Forensic analysis of the Windows registry in memory

This paper describes the structure of the Windows registry as it is stored in physical memory. We present tools and techniques that can be used to extract this data directly from memory dumps. We also provide guidelines to aid investigators and experimentally demonstrate the value of our techniques. Finally, we describe a compelling attack that modifies the cached version of the registry without altering the on-disk version. While this attack would be undetectable with conventional on-disk registry analysis techniques, we demonstrate that such malicious modifications are easily detectable by examining memory.     

97例杀人后自杀案件法医学特点分析

目的分析97例杀人后自杀案件特点,为同类案件的法医现场勘验及法医学鉴定提供参考和借鉴。方法收集上海市公安局物证鉴定中心参与鉴定的97例杀人后自杀案件,共死亡207人,其中加害人98名,被害人109名。对加害人、被害人双方的性别、年龄、关系及案发场所、死亡方式等方面的资料进行分析。结果上海地区杀人后自杀案件涉及的死者多为18~59岁青壮年,相互之间多熟识,起因多为家庭矛盾及感情纠纷;被害人女性为主,加害人男性居多;案发场所多为同一室内环境或相邻室内外;杀人多选择机械性暴力手段,而自杀则多采用自缢和高坠。结论上述关于此类案件的特点有助于法医在鉴定过程中对杀人后自杀案件做出快速、准确地判断。     

Forensic identification value of roentgen images in determining tooth-colored dental filling materials]

Identification of unknown bodies is mainly made by dental examination and comparison with accurate dental records. Therefore it is necessary to examine the jaws carefully and to locate every tooth-coloured dental restoration. Overlooking dental fillings can make positive identification impossible. The paper presented here evaluates the usefulness of radiographs to locate tooth coloured dental restorations. RESULTS: 40% of the dental materials tested here could not be detected radiographically with a sensitivity that is demanded. A radiographic examination is not sufficient and must be supplied by other techniques.     

Forensic memory analysis: Files mapped in memory

In this paper we describe a method for recovering files mapped in memory and to link mapped-file information process data. This information is forensically interesting, because it helps determine the origin and usage of the file and because it reduces the amount of unidentified data in a memory dump. To find mapped-file content, we apply several different techniques. Together, these techniques can identify approximately 25% of test memory dumps as being part of a memory-mapped file.     

手术治疗不当的法医学鉴定分析

医疗纠纷中由于手术治疗不当或失误而导致医患纠纷不在少数。手术治疗需要考虑的因素包含 :手术适应证 (指征 )、手术禁忌证、手术时机选择、手术方案 (方式 )确定、手术前准备、手术操作过程、术后的处理和并发症预防等等。涉及医疗纠纷的法医学鉴定均属法医临床学的范畴 ,其鉴定理论基础是临床医学。鉴定内容包括医院在诊疗过程中有无过错 ,患者的后果与医方过错有无因果关系。在诉讼阶段还可根据实际需要进行伤残评定 ,从而是为民事审判提供科学证据。手术治疗是疾病治疗过程中的一种重要治疗手段。如破损器官组织的修补、止血 ,梗阻的解…     

手术治疗不当的法医学鉴定分析

医疗纠纷中由于手术治疗不当或失误而导致医患纠纷不在少数.手术治疗需要考虑的因素包 含:手术适应证(指征)、手术禁忌证、手术时机选择、手术方案(方式)确定、手术前准 备、手术操作过程、术后的处理和并发症预防等等.涉及医疗纠纷的法医学鉴定均属法医临 床学的范畴,其鉴定理论基础是临床医学.鉴定内容包括医院在诊疗过程中有无过错,患者 的后果与医方过错有无因果关系.在诉讼阶段还可根据实际需要进行伤残评定,从而是为民事审判提供科学证据.