科技革命与人类社会主义运动

科学技术发展对社会生产力起着决定性作用。人类三次科技革命营造了不断上升的物质生产条件,推动社会主义运动从民族国家向世界范围、单一要素间关系向复杂要素间关系渐次展开,并与历史必然性三个不同层次的内容相继形成一致。     

当代科技革命与社会主义发展新趋势

科技革命深刻影响了当代人类的生存和发展:使物质生产越来越采用精神方式进行;使劳动方式越来越向脑力支出倾斜,使生产关系越来越覆盖全体人类。社会主义因此呈现了新的发展趋势:一是用市场经济替代了计划经济;二是使公有制兼具物质形态和精神形态,使个人全面发展融之以自由发展;三是用新型大国关系代替了世界革命战略。     

海尔布隆纳对马克思主义理论几个要素的理性认知分析

马克思主义诞生以来,人类世界虽已发生了巨大变化,马克思主义仍彰显着蓬勃生命力和持续影响力。美国学者罗伯特·L.海尔布隆纳所著的《马克思主义:赞成与反对》一书,立论新颖,见解深透,对马克思主义理论的"哲学辩证法、历史的唯物主义解释、资本主义的社会分析、社会主义的信念"四个要素进行了深入多维的理性认知分析,不仅对马克思主义理论的丰厚内涵作了深刻阐释,而且提出了"马克思主义理论对于探索人类社会运动规律、发展前景具有重要指导价值"的重要观点,对于进一步认识马克思主义及其重要价值具有深刻启发意义。     

丰碑永存警示常新(上)--关于20世纪社会主义进程的回顾和思考

20世纪的社会主义进程既干曲百折又波澜壮阔,其主要表现是:第一,五光十色的社会主义思想、理论、流派空前广泛地存在于人类社会各式各样的群体之中;第二,争取实现社会主义理想和信念的社会政治运动风起云涌,几乎席卷全球每一个角落;第三,社会主义国家以科学社会主义理论为指南,改造旧世界、组织新生活的过程生生不息.本文着眼于社会主义进程的第三层面,旨在对20世纪人类文明史中这个错综复杂的历史现象做一概略的回顾和思考.     

生态文明:理论来源、历史必然性及其本质特征——从生态社会主义的理论视角谈起

深入研究和探索生态文明建设的历史必然性和发展规律,是摆在我们面前的紧迫而又重要的历史课题。作为生态文明的重要理论来源之一,生态社会主义的理论表明,只有社会主义制度才能真正实现人类、社会、资源和环境的可持续发展,这是对环境观点相对不足的科学社会主义理论主张的有益补充和发展。建设生态文明,既是生态社会主义的理论诉求,也是中国特色社会主义未来发展的必然归宿。     

南通开发区总工会创新外来务工者管理模式

如今,江苏省南通经济技术开发区外来务工人员已达6万余名,并有不断增加趋势.为此,开发区总工会对外务工人员的管理实行大胆探索,实现三个延伸:一是由对八小时以内的管理向八小时以外管理延伸;二是由单一企业职工的管理向众多企业职工集聚的管理延伸;三是由职工物质生活需求向职工精神生活需求和心灵家园管理延伸.实现从传统的日常工会管理向多元超常规管理的根本性转变,努力探索工会管理的创新之路.     

特朗普上任以来美英"特殊关系"的新变局

美国总统特朗普上任两年多来,美英关系状况不断,有关美英"特殊关系"何去何从的问题,再度成为国际战略界和学界的热门话题。造就美英"特殊关系"的根本条件是两国之间曾存在过"特殊"的利害关联、特定的国际政治背景以及英国拥有较强的实力并对美国贯彻其全球战略"有用"等。如今这些特定的国际背景和历史条件已经发生巨大变化,因而美英"特殊关系"也就不能不失去其"特殊性"光环,向常态化过渡。特朗普上任以来美英"特殊关系"所受到的冲击正是美英"特殊关系"向"一般化"国家间关系过渡的必然反映。特朗普对美英"特殊关系"的有意忽视有其历史必然性,不是其个人喜好所致。它表明在新的历史条件下,美国政府对英政策迟早要进行必要调整。     

《资本论》的唯物史观运用与中国特色社会主义经济学

《资本论》是运用唯物史观分析资本主义生产方式运动规律,进而揭示人类社会发展一般规律的典范。唯物史观及其运用的原则即客观性、实践性、历史性是在马克思为《资本论》创作所做的研究准备过程中逐步形成和发展起来的。《资本论》渗透着唯物史观运用的原则,并通过社会基本矛盾在经济领域的运动、社会历史规律在经济领域的表现、人类社会历史过程的发展变化而得以展开。《资本论》关于唯物史观的运用,为中国特色社会主义经济学的理论研究和体系建构融入唯物史观奠定了科学的基础。     

略论马克思与列宁的理论差别

应承认马克思和列宁之间存在着理论差别并认真地加以分析和比较.这种分析和比较应当以他们各自的思想主流为依据.马克思学说的主要特点是,强调历史的客观必然性并以此作为一切社会分析的基本出发点;对社会主义发展道路的思考完全是以对资本主义进程发展规律的分析为基础.列宁在自己的政治活动中所形成的策略体系,体现出的是高度强调富有自觉性的意志和组织力量的历史创造力.对这种差别,不能简单解释成"经济决定论"和"革命唯意志论"的差别.造成这种差别的根本原因应当到时代差别中去找.     

从传统社会主义到和谐社会主义——基于经济社会发展的角度

中国先后经历了传统社会主义、发展社会主义、和谐社会主义三种社会主义发展模式。从经济社会发展的角度来看,传统社会主义向发展社会主义转变,再转向和谐社会主义有其必然性和必要性。和谐社会主义全面、准确地反映了社会主义本质特征,是解决传统社会主义发展面临的困境的必由之路。     

Power and transformational and transactional leadership in public and private organizations

Ten public and 35 private organizations located in Central New York State participated in a university- sponsored research project to study the effects of organizational characteristics upon types of leadership (transformational/transactional) and power demonstrated by supervisors. Public sector organizations in which managers had low control over rewards were compared to private sector organizations in which managers had high control over rewards.

Followers perceived public sector supervisors as more inspirational by their followers and they used more active management-by-exception behavior than those in private organizations. Private sector supervisors had more reward, legitimate and coercive power than supervisors in public sector organizations.     

Natural Resources and Small Island Economies: Mauritius and Trinidad and Tobago

Abstract

Historically, small economies, especially resource-rich ones, underperformed on average relative to their larger counterparts. Small island economies appear still more disadvantaged due to remoteness from both markets and agglomeration economies. Yet a comparison of two small island economies with similar initial conditions other than their mineral endowment suggests that policy outweighs size, isolation and resource endowment in determining economic performance. Resource-poor Mauritius adopted an unfashionable policy of export manufacturing that systematically eliminated surplus labour, which drove economic diversification that sustained rapid GDP growth and political maturation. Like most resource-rich economies, Trinidad and Tobago pursued policies that absorbed rent too rapidly, which impeded diversification and created an illusory prosperity vulnerable to collapse.     

Russian stereotypes and myths of Ukraine and Ukrainians and why Novorossiya failed

This article discusses two inter-related issues. Firstly, the factors lying behind Russia's fervent belief that its Novorossiya (New Russia) project, aimed to bring back to Russia eight oblasts of Donetsk, Luhansk, Kharkiv, Dnipro, Zaporizhhya, Odesa, Mykolayiv, and Kherson in eastern and southern Ukraine and launched during the 2014 “Russian Spring,” would be successful. Russian identity misunderstood, and continues to misunderstand, Ukraine and Ukrainians through stereotypes and myths of Ukraine as an “artificial state” and Ukraine's Russian speakers as “fraternal brothers” and Russians and Ukrainians as “one people” (odin narod). Secondly, why Ukrainian national identity was different than these Russian stereotypes and myths and how this led to the failure of the Novorossiya project. Russian stereotypes and myths of Ukraine and Ukrainians came face to face with the reality of Russian-speaking Ukrainian patriotism and their low support for the Russkij Mir (Russian World). The article compares Russian stereotypes and myths of Ukraine and Ukrainians with how Ukrainians see themselves to explain the roots of the 2014 crisis, “Russian Spring,” and failure of Russian President Vladimir Putin's Novorossiya project.     

Earnings and ethnicity in Trinidad and Tobago

This study employs 1993 Continuous Sample Survey of the Population (CSSP) data for Trinidad and Tobago to investigate the determinants of earnings by ethnicity. The data, organised into three ethnic groupings, reveal lower levels of remuneration in the labour market for Africans and Indians than for individuals of other ethnicities taken as a whole. While the larger portion of the earnings differentials generally appears to be explained by ethnic differences in characteristics valued by the labour market, Africans and Indians would benefit substantially if they were to receive the same rates of remuneration for their educational endowments as workers of other ethnicities in the Trinidad and Tobago labour market. Notwithstanding Indians’ lowest average earnings, Africans appear more likely to be discriminated against.     

现代化与未成年人犯罪

未成人犯罪随着现代化的发展而发展，这可以说是一种国际现象。在现代化进程中，我国未成年人犯罪大量增多的原因在于：未成年人生理、心理发展不平衡，家庭教育存在缺失，学校教育存在不足，社会上存在着很多消极因素。在现代化进程中，必须采取有效对策，控制未成年人犯罪增多，才能保障未成年人健康成长。     

Country size and economic growth and development

This paper attempts to provide limited empirical evidence on the nature of the relationship between country size and rates of economic growth and levels of economic development, and on the possible effects of trade concentration and dependence on trade on this relationship. It suggests that there is no discernible association between country size and economic development, nor between country size and economic growth, and that neither the dependence on trade of small countries nor their commodity and geographic export concentration are necessarily important factors in economic growth and economic development.     

“两抢”犯罪的趋势与防控

根据最近16年的统计数据，我国“两抢”犯罪总体呈上升态势，且出现多方面的特点。当前，影响“两抢”犯罪变化趋势的因素主要有：社会管理机制完善的程度、社会成员之间收入的差距、“两抢”犯罪主体特点、社会成员的防范意识以及公安机关的防控机制等。预防“两抢”犯罪需要整个社会尤其是公安机关的共同努力。     

Government and Corruption: Scylla and Charybdis

Using public sector employment and corruption perception data for 72 countries across the world, this article demonstrates that despite common notion countries with “smaller” governments do not tend to have lower corruption. Under general assumptions, one can demonstrate that there is an optimal size of public sector employment corresponding to the highest capital intensity. The model has several implications: lower optimal sizes of governments for labor intensive countries and higher sizes for capital intensive ones, possibility to reduce corruption paying a cost of suboptimal output, and a higher “price” of an oversized government for labor intensive countries.