Prébisch's rationale for protection

The major critics of Prébisch's rationale for protection have tended to overlook an important premise of his argument. The premise is that technological improvements arising in the secondary industries of the advanced countries are transferred much more slowly (i) than they occur, (ii) than the prices of the exports of the advanced countries are allowed to decline, and (iii) than technological improvements are transferred to the export industries of underdeveloped countries. All innovations are assumed to be developed in the advanced countries. Can a disparity between rates of transfer provide the essential justification for Prébisch's policy? The disparity can be said to arise from a hindrance to the transfer of advanced technology to the import‐substituting industries. The conclusion of this paper is that the policy can be justified only when (i) protection is capable of offsetting the hindrance, (ii) it is possible to ensure, during the period of protection, that the transfer of future advances can occur without hindrance, and (iii) the expansion of production possibilities resulting from the newly‐available technology allows income to increase sufficiently (over some period of time) to offset the cost of protection.     

La généalogie imaginaire de la littérature algérienne francophone

This article contends that French language is both the perfect tool for the expression of one’s own identity and the instrument of knowledge that has shut down all possible other ones in Algeria. The works of Rachid Boudjedra (1969) and Yacine Kateb (1966) illustrate the highly ideological dimension of Algerian literature. By debunking the very idea of French literature, their novels fight back the concept of cultural imperialism. Yet, I think that the conflict between ideology and literature did not appear recently, after the colonial wars of independence, but was already underlined at the birth of French language as a national idiom in the writings of an author such as François Rabelais.     

Traumatismes et séparations familiales prolongées chez les réfugiés du Congo-Kinshasa établis à Montréal

The authors inquire into traumatic experiences of refugies who recently arrived in Montreal from the former Zaire, now the Democratic Republic of Congo. They look into both the trauma experienced before as well as after they settled in Montreal. Based on close exmination of some selected cases of men accepted into Canada as political refugees, the conclusion stresses the importance of the family in successfully overcoming the traumatic past.     

L’épuration ethnique au Katanga et l’éthique du redressement des torts du passé

After briefly reviewing the events of ethnic purification in Katanga and recent historical antecedents, the author analyzes the discourse used to justify these events, discourse addressed above all to the population of the province. Through an examination of declarations and speeches by politicians and certain Catholic priests and intellectuals, seeking at the time to justify to the Katangese the explusion of their fellow citizens of Kasaian origin, he reveals the construction of an ethics of compensation for wrongs presented as collectively endured by the Katangese at the hand of the Kasaians, in turn presented as the beneficiairies of both the colonial system and the Mobutu regime. Nonetheless, as the author points out, the ethnic cleansing of Katanga was organized with Mobutu’s consent.