The Dynamics of an Interorganizational Emergency Management Network: Interdependent and Independent Risk Hypotheses

The purpose of this research is to uncover the dynamic structure of an interorganizational emergency management network after a disaster. This research tests two hypothesized network structures: interdependent risk and independent risk. While the former illustrates the importance of trust and information redundancy in coordinating and aligning emergency preparedness and response, the latter captures the tendency for local actors to seek dominant partners to bridge crucial information across the region. A stochastic actor‐based model with a forward selection strategy is used to analyze the structural effects of endogenous networks and the effects of exogenous community attributes on interorganizational ties. Based on the data sets collected before and after the 2012 typhoons in South Korea, the results support the interdependent risk hypothesis, suggesting that an interorganizational network structure tends to evolve into the notion of shared collaboration risk.     

Complex Contracting: Management Challenges and Solutions

Governments at all levels buy mission‐critical goods and services whose attributes and performance requirements are hard to define and produce. Many governments—and the public managers who lead them—lack experience and knowledge about how to contract for complex products. The contract management counsel provided to public managers is thin. Missing is a conceptual managerial framework to guide purchasing the complex products that are often so critical to public organizations' core missions. Drawing on perspectives from across the social sciences, the framework presented in this article provides guidance on how managers can harness the upsides of complex contracting while avoiding its pitfalls. The framework helps identify conditions that increase the likelihood of positive outcomes for the purchasing government and the vendor—the win‐win. To illustrate the framework, the article provides examples of successful and failed acquisitions for complex products such as transportation projects, social service systems, and information technology systems.     

浅谈企业成本管理中的问题与对策

当前,企业存在着成本管理意识淡薄、成本行为失控、成本管理不能持之以恒、财会人员素质较低等问题.解决这些问题,应强化企业全面成本意识,防止企业成本失控,提高财会人员素质.     

Design Thinking in Policymaking Processes: Opportunities and Challenges

Design thinking has the potential to improve problem definition and mechanism design in policymaking processes. By promoting greater understanding of how citizens experience government services, design thinking can support public managers who desire to enhance public value. In Australia, as elsewhere, design thinking currently remains separated from mainstream policymaking efforts. This article clarifies the essence of design thinking and its applicability to policy development. Five design thinking strategies are discussed, all of which have lengthy histories as social science methodologies. They are (1) environmental scanning, (2) participant observation, (3) open‐to‐learning conversations, (4) mapping, and (5) sensemaking. Recent examples from Australia and New Zealand are used to illustrate how these strategies have been incorporated into policymaking efforts. The article concludes by considering how design thinking might be more broadly applied in policymaking, and the training and resourcing requirements that would entail.     

应急管理体系及其业务流程研究

减少突发公共事件带来的损失,实现快速有效的应急管理已经成为各国、各级政府部门的一项重要工作,也是国内外学者研究的一个热点.而建设完善的国家突发公共事件应急管理体系,目前也已经成为我国迫切需要研究的课题.基于国内外应急管理体系建设现状,综述了各国在应急管理体系建设方面取得的主要成果,分析了我国应急管理体系中存在的一些问题.通过抽象和梳理应急管理体系的基本业务,给出了基本业务流程,并以国家安全生产应急管理的业务为例分析了微观层面的应急管理业务流程,给出了一个具有一定代表性的业务流程分析案例.最后对应急管理体系建设的工作重点进行了分析与展望.     

合同制治理:城市治理面临的机遇与挑战

由新公共管理运动引发的政府治理方式的重要变革之一,是政府的公共政策和公共行政将越来越依靠合同推进.合同制治理为城市治理带来了机遇:即合同制治理可以提升城市政府管理效率,合同制治理可以带来经济利益和潜在社会收益.在合同制治理框架下我国城市治理也面临着挑战:即在合作方式选择阶段的效率与公共性的考量,在合同设计、谈判阶段的委托-代理与信息不完全,在合同执行、监管阶段的政治风险与法律责任等问题.因此,加强城市政府合同制治理能力建设重在:确保市场主体的充分竞争,创造公平的竞争环境;设立独立的合同执行与监管机构,提高政府合同管理能力;完善相应法律制度,维护合作双方利益.     

网络经济与企业管理新探

网络经济作为一种全新的经济形态 ,正在深刻地影响着世界经济的进程。网络经济的发展使企业管理面临着一场前所未有的挑战 ,它要求企业管理理念、企业组织结构和企业管理方式的深刻变革。我国广大企业要适应新经济在未来给企业管理带来的新变革 ,按照新经济发展的需要及时调整企业管理方略 ,根据新的企业生存原则创新企业的生存机制。     

Business Management Reform in the Department of Defense in Anticipation of Declining Budgets

Business management reform efforts have been part of the U.S. Defense Department agenda for decades. Current reform efforts have explicitly established the goal of generating, harvesting, and reinvesting savings from business management reform to buy more capital items; that is, they have focused on a measurable reallocation from operating and support costs to investment within a given budget top line. Recent increases in the defense top line, largely related to the war on terrorism, are not likely to persist; in addition, an examination of the factors affecting the top line suggests that a decline in the near term is likely. An examination of current and past defense management reforms suggests that efficiency‐seeking business management reforms are not likely to generate sufficient resources to cover a budget decline. Instead, management reform should be sustained for reasons of stewardship and accountability.     

Federalism and the Management of External Relations in Nigeria: Lessons from the Past and Challenges for the Future

Despite successive military regimes, state and local governmentsin Nigeria have been able to engage in limited forms of foreignaffairs activity. both directly abroad and indirectly throughinstitutions of the national government. The trend since independencehas been to make foreign affairs an exclusive responsibilityof the federal government. Generally, though, the military regimeshave been better able than the civilian governments to limitconstituent diplomacy. Under the Third Republic, therefore,state and local governments are likely to assert themselvessomewhat more in foreign affairs than they have recently.     

食品经济管理专业大学生企业伦理课程思考

高校是否进行食品经济管理伦理教育,对于学生在将来的经济活动中的伦理行为和伦理决策能力有深远的影响。分析了食品经济管理专业企业伦理课程设置的原则和教育目标。在教学策略上,要不断提高教师的综合素质,加强伦理教育力度,加强商业伦理教育和现实结合的力度,多种教学方式相结合,注重基本概念的教学,充分发挥其知识枢纽功能。     

Captured by Partners: Interorganizational Relationships and Fund Allocation Stability in United Way Systems

While organizational systems are associated with innovation and adaptability, interorganizational relationships may be predisposed to stability. Using multinomial logit analysis, we test how resource dependencies affect system stability in local United Way (UW) systems between 2000 and 2010. We find strong support for the resource dependence argument. UW are less likely to drop larger, powerful partners that are strong fundraising partners. However, powerful, long-term partners not contributing to the strategic objectives of the UW system are more likely to experience a decrease in allocations. While powerful resource partners may capture the UW, UW systems continue to change through the addition of new partners and the reallocation of resources among long-term partners. However, context also affects the capacity for change. Larger UWs are more likely to add new partners and less likely to keep long-term partners.     

跨域危机整体性治理中的组织协调问题研究——基于组织间网络视角

跨域性特征对现代社会危机治理提出了更为严峻的挑战,是世界范围内应急管理领域所面临的重要问题。本文结合现代社会,尤其是中国转型期社会特点,对现代跨域危机内涵及其特点进行归纳,进而提出了跨域危机治理中存在的碎片化问题。在此基础上,结合具体案例对当前中国跨域危机治理问题进行分析,进而着重从信息、资源维度对其整体性治理问题进行阐释,认为不同组织在信息、资源整合中存在的问题是产生跨域危机治理碎片化问题的主要原因。因此,要实现跨域危机整体性治理,必须结合中国应急管理实际,以组织间网络视角从应急管理组织层面对碎片化环节成因进行分析。在前述分析基础上,本文认为跨域危机整体性治理实现的关键在于其治理网络中信息、资源整合问题,目前管理体制条块分割现实以及由此产生的专业部门隶属不同、管理层级复杂、多头指挥而产生的协调困难是中国式碎片化问题的根本原因。最终,本文构建了跨域危机治理网络分析模型,并对碎片化环节识别、整理以及跨域危机整体性治理实现对策等问题进行了探讨。     

Interorganizational Mobility within the U.S. Federal Government: Examining the Effect of Individual and Organizational Factors

Interorganizational mobility can make a positive contribution both organizationally and government‐wide. Using data from the U.S. Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey, this article seeks to provide a better empirical understanding of the determinants of interorganizational mobility within the U.S. federal government. A specific analytical framework is used, as the intention to take another job within the federal government is nested in the intention to leave the current organization. The results highlight that gender, minority status, length of service, and promotion are determinants of interorganizational mobility within the U.S. federal government.     

Accounting for Time: Comparing Temporal and Atemporal Analyses of the Business Case for Diversity Management

Public management strategies have an inherent temporal component: managers take action at one time, and employees or organizations respond at a later time. However, it is common to study such strategies using atemporal research. Concerns about the inadequacy of this approach have led scholars to advocate for public management research that incorporates time. Because following this advice is difficult, it is important to evaluate how the omission of time affects the understanding of public management strategies. This article compares temporal and atemporal analyses of the business case for diversity management—the expectation that organizations that manage diversity well will also improve their performance. Using survey and personnel data drawn from U.S. federal government subagencies, the article shows that both analyses support this general expectation. However, the cross‐sectional analysis, by failing to account for organizational inertia, portrays diversity management as more potent than the analyses taking time into account.     

Tax Challenges in the Global Economy

Globalization has increased significantly over the past two decades, provoking different political reactions. Increasing trade and financial openness as well as intense global economic competition have forced governments to intervene in order to deal with its different negative consequences such as budget deficits or growing unemployment. Over the last two decades, almost all OECD （Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development） countries have undertaken structural changes within their tax systems. However, two main problems appear. The first one concerns ＂tax competition＂ understood as improvements made by different countries in the field of investment climate especially in the field of economic freedom. The second one refers to the effective tax revenue resources that help maintain the welfare state properly. In the developed countries, this is certainly easier as richer societies afford to do it through their fiscal systems. The main aim of this paper is to examine the impact of globalization on tax policy--its nature and its transformations. The main conclusions are as follows： Globalization is an incredible opportunity for the private sector to take advantage of free movement of goods, services, capital, and people. At the same time, it is a great challenge for the public sector to maintain sound public finance. The analysis is based on statistical data and qualitative research methods.     

大数据驱动的政府绩效精准管理：动因分析、现实挑战与未来进路

大数据技术是促进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化、提高政府绩效管理水平的重要引擎。基于大数据赋能开展政府绩效精准管理是贯彻落实以人民为中心发展思想的题中应有之义、全面整合政府绩效信息的必然选择、推进多元主体参与绩效管理的有效途径以及实时进行绩效问责与激励的实践要求。我国对大数据驱动政府绩效精准管理的探索,仍面临着基于大数据的政府绩效管理制度缺失、政府绩效信息整合的有效性不高、存在潜在道德风险隐患、大数据相关要素支撑能力不足等制约因素。为进一步推进大数据驱动的政府绩效精准管理,促进政府绩效管理科学化发展,未来应加快大数据驱动政府绩效精准管理的制度建设、推动政府绩效信息的有效整合、构建"回溯性、实时性和预测性"的政府绩效评估模式、强化政府绩效精准管理的大数据要素支撑能力。