共查询到10条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
This paper examines the determinants of patenting and spin-off creation using survey data of 479 researchers in engineering
and 449 researchers in life sciences funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). The
results show that research novelty and laboratory size are the only two variables significantly explaining patenting and spin-off
formation in both engineering and life sciences. Network capital explains spin-off formation in engineering and in life sciences
as well as patenting in life sciences, but not in engineering. Furthermore, the results suggest that many categories of resources
explain patenting and spin-off formation in engineering and in life sciences, but that the combinations of resources required
differ for patenting and spin-off formation and between engineering and life sciences. The results of this paper suggest that
customized policies would be required to accommodate differences between spin-off formation and patenting as well as between
engineering and life sciences.
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2.
Christopher Palmberg 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2008,33(6):631-652
Nanotechnology has been proposed as the next general purpose technology and engine for growth for the 21th century. Increasing
public R&D investments are foremost reflected in the growth of scientific publications, while nanotechnology still is in an
uncertain phase of development with various directions of commercialization pending. This paper focuses on the challenges,
modes and outcomes of nanotechnology as an emerging science-based field in Finland. The paper contributes by interrogating
how challenges and modes of nanotechnology transfer differ across universities and companies and determine outcomes broadly
defined. It uses survey data covering university and company researchers in the Finnish nanotechnology community. The results
show significant differences in the perceptions of researchers across these organisations, and highlight specific challenges
and modes as determinants of outcomes. The specificities of nanotechnology are also assessed.
相似文献
Christopher PalmbergEmail: |
3.
Mario Coccia 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2008,33(1):105-122
This paper analyses the spatial mobility of knowledge and technology transfer and measures the economic impact on the geo-economic
space. The data of laboratories operating in different research and technological fields are used. The results show that,
when the distance from the source of knowledge (research institute) to users increases, the impact of knowledge and technology
transfer decreases with damped pulsations. The magnitude of knowledge and technology transfer shows a high intensity within
the industrial district because small businesses are able to acquire externally scientific knowledge, without conducting in-house
research, but by interactions with public scientific bodies and adopting both collective rules that act as collective knowledge
devices, making collective learning possible, and skilled labor.
相似文献
Mario CocciaEmail: |
4.
There is a considerable interest of scholars in benefits and challenges arising from involvement of academic researchers and their institutions in knowledge transfer activities with the business sector. The emerging questions have resulted in a number of studies, yielding rich but mixed findings. The purpose of this paper is to systematically review this body of investigative work, with a particular emphasis on life sciences. Based on the systematic analysis and synthesis of 135 articles published between 1980 and 2014, we discuss the most interesting findings for each of the six identified principal academic-industry research topics: involvement predictors and motivators, role of incentives, institutional performance determinants, knowledge transfer institutionalization, relationship with scientific output and impact on open science. Whereas many studies reach consensus regarding the particular personal and contextual predictors of researchers’ knowledge transfer involvement, we also find substantial evidence that depending on empirical setting, variables such as scientific productivity and institutional technology transfer support policies can act both as enablers and inhibitors in the process. We find no straightforward evidence regarding the role of the size, age and structure of technology transfer offices in the knowledge transfer performance of academic institutions. We also show that most studies agree that engagement in knowledge transfer activities does not negatively affect the researchers’ scientific output. Yet, it is less clear to what extent university-industry interactions can be detrimental for the norms of open science. We draw several policy implications for academic settings and emphasize interesting avenues for further research in this field. 相似文献
5.
Nanoscience and nanotechnology are science fields which are growing extremely dynamically. Germany occupies the top position
in Europe and is only second to the US worldwide, which can be attributed to growing research promotion by the state. Based
on a general conceptual framework on the role of different types of standards in the research process and technology life
cycle, we argue that the market success of nanotechnology applications depends very much on the development of corresponding
standards, which clarify not only terminology, measurement and testing methods, but also regulate safety and health aspects
and specify interfaces. Other countries, European and international standardisation organisations have launched first initiatives
rather early. However, Germany was not able to translate its excellent starting position in nanotechnology research into a
leading position in standardisation initiatives, which pave the way for future commercialisation of nanotechnology and also
the basis for the next generation of research activities. Based on a survey among stakeholders of German nanotechnology research,
we are able not only to provide a first empirical validation of our conceptual model on the role of standards in the research
process, but also to define the major problems at the interface between research and standardisation, and finally, to recommend
possible options for their solution.
相似文献
Knut BlindEmail: |
6.
The economic restructuring in China over the past decade has resulted in displacement of millions of workers who had been
employed in the state sector. This has posed tremendous challenges economically, socially, politically, and culturally. For
several years, Chinese policies attempted to cushion the shock by requiring state-owned enterprises to provide living allowances
and reemployment services to workers who had been displaced. There have been few empirical studies that have tracked the experiences
of these displaced or xiagang workers. This study uses survey data from two large industrial cities covering the period 1998–2000 to analyze the labor
market situation of over 2,000 workers 2 years after they had been observed as displaced and unemployed. The findings point
to the high rates of labor force withdrawal and a low proportion who find another wage job in the formal sector. It also documents
the large number of workers who find work in the informal sector which seems to act as an important safety net. Not surprisingly,
education is an important determinant of post-layoff labor market outcomes. Active labor market interventions do not seem
to make a substantial difference although there is some evidence from the duration analysis that training does help workers
find employment more quickly than they would have otherwise.
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Niels-Hugo Blunch (Corresponding author)Email: |
7.
Rosemary A. Wolson 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2007,32(4):343-365
While South Africa appears to have many of the building blocks in place to support a vibrant biotechnology sector, the potential
which exists has not yet been realised. Several policies and programmes have therefore been introduced by government in recent
years in order to address some of the barriers. The poor flow of technologies from research laboratories to industry has been
identified as an area of particular concern, with the role of institutional technology transfer offices (TTOs) as facilitators
of improved technology transfer being highlighted. This paper describes the status quo of biotechnology in South Africa, discusses
relevant policy developments and against this background, examines the status of TTOs, the constraints which are faced and
how these might be overcome.
相似文献
Rosemary A. WolsonEmail: |
8.
Sandra Jen 《Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy》2013,16(2):224-238
Abstract The Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats was signed in Bern, Switzerland in 1979 and came into force on 1 June 1982. Over the past 20 years, various mechanisms have been developed to monitor the implementation of the Convention and to improve its effectiveness. The purpose of diis article is to examine the application of these mechanisms and assess die effectiveness of the Convention as a tool for biodiversity conservation. 相似文献
9.
国际刑事法院诉讼规则是一种混合模式,证据规则也不例外.而这种混合模式融合了大陆法系证据采纳的宽泛规定和普通法系证据收集、出示和审查中的对抗制因素.这种混合模式有其特定的成因,而大陆法系和普通法系对这一混合模式则存在不同的看法,本文从比较视角对这一问题进行了分析,并指出了其对我国证据立法的启示. 相似文献
10.
国际刑事法院诉讼规则是一种混合模式,证据规则也不例外。而这种混合模式融合了大陆法系证据采纳的宽泛规定和普通法系证据收集、出示和审查中的对抗制因素。这种混合模式有其特定的成因,而大陆法系和普通法系对这一混合模式则存在不同的看法,本文从比较视角对这一问题进行了分析,并指出了其对我国证据立法的启示。 相似文献