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1.
Giovanni Arrighi Beverly J. Silver Benjamin D. Brewer 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2003,38(1):3-31
This article demonstrates empirically that widespread convergence in the degree of industrialization between former First
and Third World countries over the past four decades hasnot been associated with convergence in the levels of income enjoyed on average by the residents of these two groups of countries.
Our findings contradict the widely made claim that the significance of the North-South divide is diminishing. This contention
is based on a false identification of “industrialization” with “development” and “industrialized” with “wealthy”. Elaborating
from elements of Joseph Schumpeter’s theory of innovation, Raymond Vernon’s product cycle model, and Pierre Bourdieu’s concept
ofillusio, the article offers an explanation for the persistence of the North-South income divide, despite rapid Third World industrialization
and despite dramatic changes in the world political-ideological context for development (that is, the shift around 1980 from
the “development” project to the “globalization” project or “Washington Consensus”). While emphasizing the long-term stability
of the Northern-dominated hierarchy of wealth, the article concludes by pointing to several contemporary processes that may
destabilize not only the “globalization project”, but also the global hierarchy of wealth that has characterized historical
capitalism.
Giovanni Arrighi is professor of sociology at The Johns Hopkins University. His latest books areThe Long Twentieth Century: Money, Power and the Origins of Our Times (1994) and (with Beverly J. Silver et al.)Chaos and Governance in the Modern World System (1999).
Beverly J. Silver is professor of sociology at The Johns Hopkins University. She is the author ofForces of Labor: Workers’ Movements and Globalization Since 1870 (2003) and co-author (with Giovanni Arrighi et al.) ofChaos and Governance in the Modern World System (1999).
Benjamin D. Brewer is a graduate student in the Department of Sociology at The Johns Hopkins University. His dissertation
is a commodity chains analysis of the professional-sport economy. He has also published articles on sport and globalization.
Previous versions of this paper were presented at the American Sociological Association Meeting, Anaheim, August 2001; Lingnan
University, Hong Kong, May 2001; the Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, May 2001; the Annual Convention
of the International Studies Association, Chicago, February 2001; the Center for International Studies, University of Southern
California, November 2000; the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington D.C., September 2000;
the Universidad Nacional Pedro Henriquez Urena, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, March 2000; and at the Conference on Ethics
and Globalization, Yale University, April 2000. We benefited greatly from the comments of Hayward Alker, Charles Beitz, Peter
Evans, Walter Goldfrank, Michael Mann, David Smith, Ann Tickner, and two anonymous reviewers forSCID. 相似文献
2.
Free economic zones (FEZs) play important roles in industrialization and economic development of both capitalist and socialist
countries in various regions of the world, and thus have become a major subject of study in the development literature. Theoretical
debate and empirical analysis have focused narrowly on the positive and negative economic effects of export processing zones
(EPZs) in capitalist Third World countries, without giving sufficient consideration to why, when, and how different types
of FEZs in both capitalist and socialist economies adapt their roles in achieving development objectives under changing international
and domestic conditions. In this article, I systematically compare the dynamic development roles of three FEZs in two different
systems—the state capitalist economies of Taiwan and South Korea and the reforming socialist economy of China—during 1966–1990.
The comparative findings are interpreted from competing and complementary perspectives of major development theories. Finally,
I use the comparative evidence to refine a lifecycle model of the evolution and prospect of EPZs in capitalist newly industrializing
countries, and suggest an alternative scenario for FEZs in socialist economies.
Xiangming Chen is assistant professor of sociology at the University of Illinois at Chicago, affiliated with the Center for
East Asian Studies at the University of Chicago, and a research fellow at the IC2 Institute at the University of Texas at Austin. His current research focuses on the interface between urban and economic
development from a comparative perspective, with a central focus on China. He has recently published several papers on urbanization,
urban housing reform, commodity chains, and regional development in China in a number of social science journals and edited
books. 相似文献
3.
Fatos Tarifa Jay Weinstein 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》1995,30(4):63-77
In several of the central and eastern European nations, the fall of Communism has initiated a new round of political intolerance
that threatens to destroy the foundations of their fragile democratic regimes. Campaigns of lustration (political “cleansing”)
have imposed ideological tests for employment and political participation in the Balkan countries and in parts of the former
Soviet Union. The small, poor nation of Albania has been especially seriously impacted by this atmosphere of vengeacean against
ex-Communists and their families. Justified by the principles of destructive entitlement—reminiscent of ancient cultural rituals
of blood retribution—journalists have been arrested, members of the opposition have been imprisoned, and University programs
have been suspended. In response to Albania’s plight, and to a similar pattern of civil rights abuses in neighboring countries,
social scientists have begun to analyze the powerful role played by the “past-in-the-present” in current reconstruction efforts.
As Jurgen Habermas, Adam Michnik, Seymour Martins Lipset, and others have noted, a new “culture of forgiveness” may well be
a necessary condition for the development of stable and authentic democratic societies in the region.
Fatos Tarifa is currently at the Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He received his Ph.D.
in Political Science from the University of Tirana in 1985. He is director of the New Sociological Research Center (NSRC)
in Tirana, Albania, and is the author of several books and journal articles, including a 1991 bookIn Search of the Sociological Fact (published in Albanian). Jay Weinstein is a professor of sociology at Eastern Michigan University. He has travelled widely
in the Third World and in Central and Eastern Europe. Author of numerous books, journal articles, and chapters, he is currently
working on a volume entitledSocial and Cultural Change: Social Science for a Dynamic World (forthcoming in 1997 by Allyn & Bacon Publishers). 相似文献
4.
Andrew Schrank 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2003,37(4):89-116
While Third World governments are advised and expected to establish their export processing zones (EPZs) near low-cost labor
markets and modern transportation centers, the Dominican Republic’s oldest and most successful zones are located in the country’s
relatively remote, high-cost interior. In this article I use qualitative and quantitative data: first, to explain the seemingly
irrational EPZ location decision; second, to account for the seemingly paradoxical success of the country’s relatively high-cost
secondary city EPZs; and third, to explore the puzzle’s implications for debates on industrial location, globalization, and
the political economy of development policy.
Andrew Schrank is an assistant professor of sociology at Yale University. He is currently completing a book on export diversification
in the Dominican Republic. He is also collaborating on projects on the software industry in Mexico and a study of intellectual
property rights in cross-national perspective.
I would like to thank Stephen Bunker, Lawrence King, Marcus Kurtz, Denis O’Hearn, Kenneth Shadlen, members of the University
of Chicago’s “Organizations and State-Building” workshop, participants in the Social Science Research Council’s “Rethinking
Social Science Research on the Developing World” conference, and SCID’s reviewers for helpful comments. The research was undertaken
with the assistance of the Institute of International Education. 相似文献
5.
This article analyzes civil-military relations in Chile, focusing on the period between 1990 and 1998. It analyzes military
interests and civil-military channels. The four main cases examined in this article are situations when civilians sought to
make decisions the military opposed that affected core military interests. They shed light on the degree to which formal institutions
were able to function effectively in very tense situations. The cases are the military movements of 1990 and 1993, the 1995
imprisonment of Manuel Contreras, and the 1998 constitutional accusation against Augusto Pinochet. The ability of the Chilean
military to pursue its interests successfully by circumventing formal channels in the face of opposition from civilian policymakers
demonstrates that the road to civilian supremacy is long and the end is not clearly in sight.
Gregory Weeks is assistant professor of political science at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. He is the author
of articles in Hemisphere Journal of Third World Studies, andThird World Quarterly. He received his Ph.D. in political science from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1999. 相似文献
6.
This paper explores some of the complexities of India’s urban growth since its first post-Independence census of 1951. Two
levels of analysis are pursued as they affect one another: numerical or demographic changes, on one hand, and changes in living
conditions, or sociocultural trends, on the other. The general conclusion of the study is that a process of “erosion” of traditional
society is occurring, but it is occurring slowly— as a population more than twice the size of the entire United States continues
to live in the countryside (and to increase at about twice the U.S. growth rate). Moreover, the sociocultural change is occurring
in a non-linear fashion, as much that is traditional endures along side of the modern—rather than being replaced or obliterated
by it. Finally, while the growth is occurring in cities of all sizes, the intermediate, regional capitals like Hyderabad and
ahmedabad—rather than the largest cities such as Bombay or Calcutta—are experiencing the most rapid growth.
Jay Weinstein is a professor of sociology and faculty research fellow at Eastern Michigan University. He has also taught at
the University of Iowa (1972–77) and Georgia Institute of Technology (1977–86). He has been involved in comparative development
studies for over twenty years, beginning with his Ph.D. fieldwork in India in 1971. His current interests include Canadian
Studies and Eastern Europe. He visited Bulgaria in February–March, 1991 as a member of a U.S. Information Agency Citizen Exchange
Project. 相似文献
7.
Christopher Gibson Michael Woolcock 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2008,43(2):151-180
The salience of the concept of “empowerment” has been deductively claimed more often than carefully defined or inductively
assessed by development scholars and practitioners alike. We use evidence from a mixed methods examination of the Kecamatan
(subdistrict) Development Project (KDP) in rural Indonesia, which we define here as development interventions that build marginalized
groups’ capacity to engage local-level governing elites using routines of deliberative contestation. “Deliberative contestation”
refers to marginalized groups’ practice of exercising associational autonomy in public forums using fairness-based arguments
that challenge governing elites’ monopoly over public resource allocation decisions. Deliberative development interventions
such as KDP possess a comparative advantage in building the capacity to engage because they actively provide open decision-making
spaces, resources for argumentation (such as facilitators), and incentives to participate. They also promote peaceful resolutions
to the conflicts they inevitably spark. In the KDP conflicts we analyze, marginalized groups used deliberative contestation
to moderately but consistently shift local-level power relations in contexts with both low and high preexisting capacities
for managing conflict. By contrast, marginalized groups in non-KDP development conflicts from comparable villages used “mobilizational
contestation” to generate comparatively erratic shifts in power relations, shifts that depended greatly on the preexisting
capacity for managing conflict.
Christopher Gibson is a Ph.D. student in sociology at Brown University. His research interests include comparative political economy, participatory democracy, contemporary sociological theory, qualitative methodology, and long-run causes of development and inequality in large developing countries. He is currently exploring the relationship between democratic participation and redistribution in Kerala, India. Michael Woolcock is professor of social science and development policy, and research director of the Brooks World Poverty Institute, at the University of Manchester. He is currently on external service leave from the World Bank’s Development Research Group. 相似文献
Michael Woolcock (Corresponding author)Email: |
Christopher Gibson is a Ph.D. student in sociology at Brown University. His research interests include comparative political economy, participatory democracy, contemporary sociological theory, qualitative methodology, and long-run causes of development and inequality in large developing countries. He is currently exploring the relationship between democratic participation and redistribution in Kerala, India. Michael Woolcock is professor of social science and development policy, and research director of the Brooks World Poverty Institute, at the University of Manchester. He is currently on external service leave from the World Bank’s Development Research Group. 相似文献
8.
Chi CC 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》1994,29(2):23-47
During the 1980s, economic development in Taiwan received much attention in development studies. The “Taiwan miracle” has
made Taiwan rich and famous. This article examines an often ignored aspect of development—environmental quality—and argues
that Taiwan has achieved “growth with pollution” that will not increase but decrease the welfare of the people in the long
run. The root cause of Taiwan's environmental degradation rests on the obsession with fast economic growth at any cost by
the powerful coalition between the ruling Kuomington and the capitalists. The article argues that the case of Taiwan is far
from being a “model” for developing countries. Taiwan's experience of “growth with pollution,” on the contrary, should stand
as a warning to other developing countries pursuing similar development paths.
Chun-Chieh Chi received his B.A. in sociology from Tunghai University in Taiwan, and his M.A. and Ph.D. in sociology from
State University of New York at Buffalo. He is assistant professor of sociology at the University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104.
His research interests include sustainable development in Taiwan and Kenya, indigenous people and the environment, and women
and the environment in developing countries. 相似文献
9.
Economic crisis has been a central catalyst to Third Wave democratic transitions by contributing to authoritarian breakdown,
yet crises in oil-exporting states have generally failed to catalyze such breakdowns, which are a crucial precondition to
democratization. This article argues that oil wealth produces two distinct political trajectories, depending on its timing
relative to the onset of late development. The dominant trajectory in the oil-exporting world is durable authoritarianism
which has forestalled all but a few regime collapses. And, when the alternate trajectory produces vulnerable authoritarianism,
oil-catalyzed authoritarian breakdown tends to generate new authoritarian regimes. I use case materials from Iran and Indonesia
during the 1960s and 1970s to illustrate the two oil-based trajectories, and I conduct a broader test of the theory against
data for 21 oil-exporting, developing countries, which provides suggestive support for a two-path theory of oil-based aturhoritarian
persistence.
Benjamin Smith is an assistant professor of political science and Asian studies at the University of Florida. His first book,Hard Times in the Land of Plenty: Oil, Opposition, and Late Development, is under contract with Cornell University Press. Other work has appeared in theAmerican Journal of Political Science, World Politics, and theJournal of International Affairs. He is currently at work on a book-length study of durable authoritarianism with Jason Brownlee (University of Texas-Austin)
and on a study of the conditions under which democracy can consolidate in oil-rich countries with Joseph Kraus (University
of Florida).
Thanks to Jason Brownlee, Sam Huntington, Joel Migdal, Pete Moore, Jon Pevehouse, Susan Pharr, Dan Slater, David Waldner,
Patricia Woods, participants in the Sawyer Seminar in comparative politics at Harvard University; participants in the “Transforming
Authoritarian Rentier Economies and Protectorates” seminar at the Friedrich Ebert Foundation in Bonn; and three anonymous
reviewers for comments on earlier versions of this article. 相似文献
10.
This article compares the recent history of economic growth in Botswana with Becker’s model of “bonanza development.” While
the Becker model generally applies to Botswana, the case also manifests some areas of disagreement. “Bonanza development”
in Botswana is characterized by the continuation of dependency and related social inequalities. Perhaps the Botswana experience
is described best as “dependent bonanza development.”
Thomas Meisenhelder is a professor of sociology at California State University in San bernardino, California 92407. He spent
1986–1987 as a Fulbright Lecturer in the department of sociology at the University of Botswana (Gaborone) and lived in Harare
Zimbabwe during 1992. He has recently published inMonthly Review andNature, Society and Thought. His current research includes a study of the adoption of a structural adjustment program in Zimbabwe and an interpretation
of the references to Africa in the writings of Marx and Engels. 相似文献
11.
David L. Blaney Mustapha Kamal Pasha 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》1993,28(1):3-24
The terminology of “civil society” has gained currency in recent discussions of democratic movements around the globe. Although
less grandiose in its implications than claims about the “end of history,” this terminology does suggest a certain universality
in human experience. We argue that this claim of universality is warranted, but also problematic. We establish the relevance
of our argument in reference to the literatures in African and Indian studies.
We note first that the common employments of the concept ignore the theoretical and historical specificity of civil society:
civil society is used to label any group or movement opposed to the state, regardless of its intent or character, or used
so generically that it is indistinguishable from the term “society.” Instead, we argue that civil society is a sphere of social
life, involving a stabilization of a system of rights, constituting human beings as individuals, both as citizens in relation
to the state and as legal persons in the economy and the sphere of private association.
Thus, we link the wide resonance of the concept to its embeddedness in the logic of liberal capitalist society and the capitalist
global division of labor. This conception allows us to see that, although the emergence of a sphere of civil society involves
at least minimal democranization and is supportive of struggles for further democratization, the status of democracy is also
made quite problematic by the tensions endemic to liberal capitalism and the processes of uneven development within international
capitalism. Our usage also allows us to distinguish more clearly movements dedicated to the construction of civil society
from those that may count actually as counter-civil society movements.
David L. Blaney received his M.A. and Ph.D. at the Graduate School of International Studies, University of Denver. He is on
leave from Hanover College, Hanover, Indiana as a visiting scholar for the 1993–94 academic year at The Elliott School of
International Affairs, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052. His main research interests include international
political economy, culture and international relations theory, and democratic theory.
Mustapha Kamal Pasha received his M.A. and Ph.D. at the Graduate School of International Studies, University of Denver. Currently,
he is an assistant professor in the School of International Service, American University, Washington, D.C. 20016. His main
research interests include international political economy, with particular regard to the Third World, and South Asian politics. 相似文献
12.
Vicky Randall 《Third world quarterly》2013,34(1):41-53
This article argues that, while the notion of a ‘Third World’ retains relevance and usefulness in the context of geopolitical analysis, generalisations about Third World politics are no longer helpful or justifiable. It begins by reviewing the historic rationales for the notion of the Third World together with criticisms made of these arguments. It then considers reasons why the term may retain some value at a geopolitical level: in signalling a major axis of inequality, providing a symbolic basis for collective action and, possibly, as an alternative to less attractive perspectives. The article then turns more specifically to the field of comparative politics, suggesting that in the past the notion of a Third World could be justified pragmatically as a response to the insularity of Western political science and because there was, up to a point, a common paradigm of Third World politics. Such justifications have been undermined by the growth in specialist knowledge of individual Third World countries or regions together with increasing differentiation among them. 相似文献
13.
The term, “waves of democratization,” popularized by Huntington (1991), can be conceptualized in at least three ways: as rises
in the global level of democracy, as periods of positive net transitions to democracy, and as linked sets of transitions to
democracy. Each of these approaches to the concept carries distinct theoretical implications and generates somewhat different
historical patterns. The three approaches are examined using four cross-national, time-series operationalizations of democracy.
Charles Kurzman is an assistant professor of sociology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He is currently
studying the wave of democratization of the early twentieth century. 相似文献
14.
Researchers suggest that societies characterized by high levels of political freedom are expected to exhibit significantly
higher rates of economic growth than those in which civil liberties and political rights are abridged. In the present study,
four sets of national-level data and panel regression analysis are used to examine the relationship between the institutional
framework and various measures of economic development. While the results from the full sample support the hypothesis that
political freedom enhances economic development, the results obtained from the disaggregated models cast doubts on this conclusion.
An important lesson to be learned from the present study is that there is yet no single empirical model of economic development
that can be applied to all societies.
John Mukum Mbaku, PhD, is professor in the department of economics at Weber State University. He received the Ph.D. degree
in economics from the University of Georgia in 1985. His research interests are in public choice, economic development, property
rights, and Africa. He has published articles in such journals asPublic Choice, Cato Journal, Applied Economics (UK),Konjunkturpolitik (Germany),International Review of Economics and Business (Italy),Indian Journal of Social Science, Asian and African Studies, Journal of Economic Development, The Review of Black Political
Economy. He is associate editor (Africa) ofJournal of Third World Studies. Recent publications include Markets and the economic origins of apartheid in South Africa,Indian Journal of Social Science, vol. 6, no. 2 (1993); Foreign aid and economic growth in Cameroon,Applied Economics (UK), vol. 25, no. 10 (1993); Rent seeking and institutional stability in developing countries, (with Mwangi S. Kimenyi),Public Choice, vol. 77, no. 2 (1993); and Institutional instability and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa,International Review of Economics and Business (Italy), vol. 40, no. 9 (1993). He is currently researching the determinants of institutional instability in Africa. 相似文献
15.
Alejandro Portes Lori D. Smith 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2008,43(2):101-128
We review the theoretical literature on the concept of institutions and its relationship to national development, propose
a definition of the concept, and advance six hypotheses about institutional adequacy and contributions to national development.
We then present results of a comparative empirical study of existing institutions in three Latin American countries and examine
their organizational similarities and differences. Employing the qualitative comparative method (QCA) proposed by Ragin, we
then test the six hypotheses. Results converge in showing the importance of meritocracy, immunity to corruption, absence of
“islands of power,” and proactivity in producing effective institutions. Findings strongly support Peter Evans’ theory of
developmental apparatuses.
Alejandro Portes is the Howard Harrison and Gabrielle Snyder Beck Professor of Sociology and director of the Center for Migration and Development at Princeton University. His current research is on the adaptation process of the immigrant second generation and the rise of transnational immigrant communities in the United States. His most recent books, co-authored with Rubén G. Rumbaut, are Legacies: The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation and Ethnicities: Children of Immigrants in America (California 2001). Lori D. Smith is a Ph.D. candidate in sociology at Princeton University. Her research interests include international development, organizations, and political and economic sociology. 相似文献
Lori D. SmithEmail: |
Alejandro Portes is the Howard Harrison and Gabrielle Snyder Beck Professor of Sociology and director of the Center for Migration and Development at Princeton University. His current research is on the adaptation process of the immigrant second generation and the rise of transnational immigrant communities in the United States. His most recent books, co-authored with Rubén G. Rumbaut, are Legacies: The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation and Ethnicities: Children of Immigrants in America (California 2001). Lori D. Smith is a Ph.D. candidate in sociology at Princeton University. Her research interests include international development, organizations, and political and economic sociology. 相似文献
16.
Ted Robert Gurr Keith Jaggers Will H. Moore 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》1990,25(1):73-108
This article uses POLITY II, a new dataset on the authority traits of 155 countries, to assess some general historical arguments
about the dynamics of political change in Europe and Latin America from 1800 to 1986. The analysis, relying mainly on graphs,
focuses first on the shifting balance between democratic and autocratic patterns in each world region and identifies some
of the internal and international circumstances underlying the trends, and deviations from them. Trends in three indicators
of state power also are examined in the two regions: the state's capacity to direct social and economic life, the coherence
of political institutions, and military manpower. The state's capacity has increased steadily in both regions; coherence has
increased in the European countries but not Latin America; while military power has fluctuated widley in both regions. The
article is foundational to a series of more detailed longitudinal studies of the processes of state growth.
Ted Robert Gurr is a professor of government and politics at the University of Maryland and Distinguished Scholar at the University's
Center for International Development and Conflict Management (Mill Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742).
Among his 14 books and monographs areWhy Men Rebel (awarded the Woodrow Wilson Prize as best book in political science of 1970).Patterns of Authority: A comparative Basis for Political Inquiry (with Harry Eckstein, 1975), andViolence in America, (3d edition. 1989). He is engaged in a long-term global study of minorities' involvement in conflict and its consequences
and resolution.
Keith Jaggers is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Political Science at the University of Colorado and research assistant
in the Department's Center for Comparative Politics, Campus Box 333, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309. He is co-author
with Will H. Moore of “Deprivation, Mobilization, and the State,” recently published in theJournal of Developing Societies, and is currently working on an empirical study of the impact of war on the growth of the state.
Will H. Moore is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Political Science at the University of Colorado and research assistant
in the Department's Center for Comparative Politics. He is also a co-author with Maro Ellena of a forthcoming article inWestern Political Quarterly on the cross-national determinants of political violence. His current research interests include the resolution of internal
wars and the formation of coercive states. 相似文献
17.
Richard Snyder 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2001,36(1):93-110
Subnational units of analysis play an increasingly important role in comparative politics. Although many recent studies of
topics such as ethnic conflict, economic policy reform, and democratization rely on comparisons across subnational political
units, insufficient attention has been devoted to the methodological issues that arise in the comparative analysis of these
units. To help fill this gap, this article explores how subnational comparisons can expand and strengthen the methodological
repertoire available to social science researchers. First, because a focus on subnational units is an important tool for increasing
the number of observations and for making controlled comparisons, it helps mitigate some of the characteristic limitations
of a small-N research design. Second, a focus on subnational units strengthens the capacity of comparativists to accurately
code cases and thus make valid causal inferences. Finally, subnational comparisons better equip researchers to handle the
spatially uneven nature of major processes of political and economic transformation.
Richard Snyder is assistant professor of political science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He is the author
ofPolitics after Neoliberalism (2001). His articles on regime change and the political economy of development have appeared inWorld Politics, Comparative Politics, Journal of Democracy, andBritish Journal of Political Science.
I appreciate helpful comments on this material from Nancy Bermeo, Dexter Boniface, David Collier, John Gerring, Edward Gibson,
Robert Kaufman, Juan Linz, James Mahoney, Kelly McMann, Gerardo Munck, Peter Nardulli, David Samuels, Judith Tendler, and
two anonymous reviewers. I also benefited greatly from the insightful comments on an earlier draft provided by the participants
in the conference on “Regimes and Political Change in Latin America,” held at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
in August 1999. 相似文献
18.
19.
Peter Evans 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2005,40(2):85-94
The relationship between property rights and development has always been a central concern for both theorists and policy makers.
The growing role of information and communications technology in the economies of both North and South intensifies the salience
of this issue. This commentary extends the discussion of the two visions of property rights that are introduced by Weber and
Bussell (2005). In one, property rights are restructured along the lines pioneered by the open-source software community to
create a “new commons” of productive tools; in the other, Northern corporations successfully defend their politically protected
monopoly rights over intangible assets and even extend them through a “second enclosure movement” to an ever larger set of
ideas, information, and images. Currently, the second enclosure movement remains dominant, but which of these visions is likely
to predominate in the longer run depends on the interests and potential power of key actors and on the possibilities for alliances
among them—not just Northern corporations, but Southern states and private entrepreneurs, as well.
Peter Evans is professor of sociology and Marjorie Meyer Eliaser Chair of International Studies at the University of California,
Berkeley. His research has focused on the comparative political economy of developing countries, particularly industrialization
and the role of the state, as exemplified byEmbedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995). He has also worked urban environmental issues, producing the edited volumeLivable Cities: Urban Struggles for Livelihood and Sustainability (University of California Press, 2002). His current interest in the politics of globalization is reflected in his chapter,
“Counter-hegemonic Globalization: Transnational Social Movements in the Contemporary Global Political Economy,” forthcoming
in theHandbook of Political Sociology (Cambridge University Press). 相似文献
20.
Research on patronage in postsocialist Russia focuses on structural and exchange aspects, but neglects deeper cultural forces
that contribute to its reproduction. This study adopts a “bottom-up” approach to understanding the culture of patronage by
analyzing the claims of ordinary citizens in “letters to the editor” from a postsocialist Russian locality. The common conventions
authors use to legitimize claims share many characteristic features with patronage. Rather than judge authorities based on
policy or ability to represent citizen interests, authors evaluate the moral and ethical worth of individuals, making their
claims highly personalized. Evidence from these analyses suggests clients help sustain patronage by publicly expressing claims
in a language infused with particularlism.
Andrew D. Buck is a lecturer in sociology at the University of Reading, England. His interests include social network analysis
and postsocialist transitions. He has written on aspects of the privatization process, as well as on the relationship between
elite networks and democracy in postsocialist Russia.
Research for this article was supported in part by a grant from the international Research and Exchanges Board (IREX). Grateful
thanks to Vladimir Levitchev for research assistance. Special thanks to Antonina Bambina for her insightful suggestions and
criticisms throughtout different stages of the research. I would also like to acknowledge the helpful comments I received
from Roberto Franzosi, Jeff Hass, Jorge Rodriguez, and David Stark on a previous draft. 相似文献