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1.
<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ples Bilong Mere</Emphasis>*: Law,Gender and Peace-Building in Solomon Islands 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Jennifer Corrin 《Feminist Legal Studies》2008,16(2):169-194
This article discusses women and peace-building in Solomon Islands and the effect of law, theory and practical circumstances
on their role. It looks at the place of Solomon Islands women in society historically, with particular reference to war and
peace. It then analyses their current status from a legal perspective, looking at the existing Constitution, the proposed
Federal Constitution, and relevant aspects of international law. It questions whether gender equity provisions are sufficient
to promote participation at a practical level. The article also disputes the effectiveness of various international, regional,
and local initiatives, designed to enhance the status of women. The article discusses the application of some of the theories
relating to women and peace-building to the circumstances of Solomon Islands. It concludes by looking to the future and discussing
means of consolidating women’s position, and increasing their involvement in leadership and decision-making.
相似文献
Jennifer CorrinEmail: |
2.
Though the overall numbers of women judges remain small, higher proportions of women have been appointed to many lower courts
in common law, and particularly in civil law, countries. This paper investigates whether the experiences of judging and judicial
work differ among women and men magistrates in Australia’s lower courts. The particular focus is satisfaction with their work
as judges. In so doing, it helps build up a picture of the extent of the gendered nature of the judiciary as an occupation.
Measures of overall job satisfaction identify few gender differences; more refined measures highlight areas of divergence
between men and women magistrates, suggesting gendered experiences of judicial work which result from particular characteristics
of the occupation, as presently constituted, rather than the nature of judging itself.
相似文献
Kathy MackEmail: |
3.
Elaine Martin 《Feminist Legal Studies》2009,17(1):43-59
There is considerable disagreement as to whether any gender differences on the bench are symbolic, substantive, or both. This
paper, based on never-before published surveys and personal interviews conducted in the early 1980s, contributes to that discussion
by describing what women appointed to the federal bench by President Carter between 1976 and 1980 had to say about gender
differences in their first years in office. I conclude that these early experiences and comments by women on the bench are
still relevant today and presage much of the research on judicial gender which has followed.
相似文献
Elaine MartinEmail: |
4.
A recent parliamentary postulate in Switzerland calling for joint custody as the legal norm argues that fathers are discriminated
against in Swiss divorce law. This postulate has incited a debate which circles around issues of equality, the role of fathers
and mothers, and the good of the child. Our article, uniting approaches from literature, cultural studies, and science and
technology studies, examines the arguments sparked by the debate with a view to different takes on gender and family. In doing
so, it traces the roots of contemporary Swiss family law in the Rousseauian narrative of family life in Emile ou de l’education; it explores the manner in which scientific knowledge is marshaled to lend political legitimacy to current debate; and it
asks finally how narrative bridges the gap between public discourse and lived experience.
相似文献
Caroline WiedmerEmail: |
5.
Kathryn Lockett 《Feminist Legal Studies》2008,16(3):369-376
Women across geographical and temporal locations have faced similar experiences in conflict and post-conflict situations due
to broad conceptualisations of gender and its perceived implications, which play out within all conflict dynamics. This article
draws on case studies from the work of WOMANKIND Worldwide, a UK-based international women’s human rights and development
organisation, to outline the challenges faced by and innovative strategies used by women’s organisations internationally to
ensure their participation, voice and rights and the role of the women’s movement in uniting disparate groups and individuals.
It recognises that women are not a homogenous group and that their experiences differ widely across geographical and temporal
locations. To guard against biological foundationalism and to ensure a comprehensive approach to peace-building, both a human-rights
approach and a gender analysis are therefore required. Only then will sufficient voice, resources, participation, services,
support, reparations, documentation and respect for human rights be ensured—both for women and men.
相似文献
Kathryn LockettEmail: |
6.
Nowrin Tamanna 《Feminist Legal Studies》2008,16(3):323-343
This paper focuses on successful reform strategies invoked in parts of the Muslim world to address issues of gender inequality
in the context of Islamic personal law. It traces the development of personal status laws in Tunisia and Morocco, exploring
the models they offer in initiating equality-enhancing reforms in Bangladesh, where a secular and equality-based reform approach
conflicts with Islamic-based conservatism. Recent landmark family law reforms in Morocco show the possibility of achieving
‘women-friendly’ reforms within an Islamic legal framework. Moreover, the Tunisian Personal Status Code, with its successive
reforms, shows that a gender equality-based model of personal law can be successfully integrated into the Muslim way of life.
This study examines the response of Muslim societies to equality-based reforms and differences in approach in initiating them.
The paper maps these sometimes competing approaches, locating them within contemporary feminist debates related to gender
equality in the East and West.
相似文献
Nowrin TamannaEmail: |
7.
Self-Rated Pubertal Development,Depressive Symptoms and Delinquency: Measurement Issues and Moderation by Gender and Maltreatment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sonya Negriff Michelle T. Fung Penelope K. Trickett 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(6):736-746
This cross-sectional study examined relationships between pubertal development, depressive symptoms and delinquency in a sample
of 241 males and 213 females aged 9–13 years. Four objectives were set forth for this study: (1) to examine relationships
between pubertal stage or timing and depressive symptoms and delinquency; (2) to compare continuous and categorical measures
of pubertal timing; (3) to examine gender as a moderator of these relationships, and (4) to examine maltreatment as a moderator
of these relationships. Results indicated that mature pubertal stage and early (continuous) pubertal timing were both related
to higher delinquency whereas only early pubertal timing was related to depressive symptoms. Categorical timing was not related
to depressive symptoms or delinquency. Neither gender nor maltreatment were found to be moderators. These findings provide
evidence against equating pubertal stage, continuous timing, and categorical timing, and highlight the need to identify possible
moderators in research on pubertal development.
相似文献
Penelope K. TrickettEmail: |
8.
Sally A. Theran 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(8):1027-1037
The current study empirically examined predictors of level of voice (ethnicity, attachment, and gender role socialization)
in a diverse sample of 108 14-year-old girls. Structural equation modeling results indicated that parental attachment predicted
level of voice with authority figures, and gender role socialization predicted level of voice with authority figures and peers.
Both masculinity and femininity were salient for higher levels of voice with authority figures whereas higher scores on masculinity
contributed to higher levels of voice with peers. These findings suggest that, contrary to previous theoretical work, femininity
itself is not a risk factor for low levels of voice. In addition, African-American girls had higher levels of voice with teachers
and classmates than did Caucasian girls, and girls who were in a school with a greater concentration of ethnic minorities
had higher levels of voice with peers than did girls at a school with fewer minority students.
相似文献
Sally A. TheranEmail: |
9.
Gender Differences in the Educational Expectations of Urban,Low-Income African American Youth: The Role of Parents and the School 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
This study examined how youths’ gender is related to the educational expectations of urban, low-income African American youth,
their parents, and their teachers. As predicted, African American boys (ages 9–16) reported lower expectations for future
educational attainment than did their female counterparts. Parents and teachers also reported lower expectations for African
American boys (ages 6–16) than for girls. These findings held even when controlling for academic achievement. Contrary to
predictions, the magnitude of the difference in expectations for males vs. females did not increase as a function of youths’
age. In keeping with our hypotheses, parental expectations fully mediated the relation between youths’ gender and youths’
expectations. Finally, certain school-based factors (i.e., positive teacher expectations and positive youth perceptions of
the school environment) appeared to protect youths’ expectations from the deleterious impact of low parental expectations.
相似文献
Dana WoodEmail: |
10.
Hilary Charlesworth 《Feminist Legal Studies》2008,16(3):347-361
This paper examines the way that women’s relationship to peace is constructed in international institutions and international
law. It identifies a set of claims about women and peace that are typically made and considers these in light of women’s experience
in the conflicts in Bougainville, East Timor and the Solomon Islands.
相似文献
Hilary CharlesworthEmail: |
11.
Rupa Reddy 《Feminist Legal Studies》2008,16(3):305-321
This article examines the debate on whether to analyse ‘honour crimes’ as gender-based violence, or as cultural tradition,
and the effects of either stance on protection from and prevention of these crimes. In particular, the article argues that
the categorisation of honour-related violence as primarily cultural ignores its position within the wider spectrum of gender
violence, and may result in a number of unfortunate side-effects, including lesser protection of the rights of women within
minority communities, and the stigmatisation of those communities. At the same time it is problematic to completely dismiss
any cultural aspects of violence against women, and a nuanced approach is required which carefully balances the benefits and
detriments of taking cultural factors into account. The article examines the issues within the context of the legal response
to cases involving honour-related violence, arguing that although the judiciary has in a number of cases inclined towards
viewing ‘honour’ as primarily cultural rather than patriarchal, in some cases they have begun to take a more gender-based
or ‘mature multiculturalism’ approach.
相似文献
Rupa ReddyEmail: |
12.
This study reports on relationships among gender, maternal depressed mood, and children’s trajectories of depressive phenomena across middle childhood and early adolescence. It tested the hypothesis that, compared to boys, girls become increasingly vulnerable to maternal depression as they enter adolescence. The study sample consisted of 834 families from 10 Pacific Northwest schools that participated in the Raising Healthy Children project. Maternal depressed mood and children’s depressive phenomena were assessed annually during an 8-year period that spanned Grade 3 through Grade 10 for the children. Mean scores for girls’ depressive phenomena increased relative to those for boys as children matured. Maternal depressed mood was significantly and positively associated with children’s level of depressive phenomena. An interaction effect of gender and maternal depressed mood on acceleration in children’s depressive phenomena indicated that girls’ trajectories of depressive phenomena were sustained in the presence of maternal depression while those of boys declined in the presence of maternal depression.
相似文献
Eric C. BrownEmail: |
13.
Unlikely Fissures and Uneasy Resonances: Lesbian Co-mothers,Surrogate Parenthood and Fathers’ Rights
Jenni Millbank 《Feminist Legal Studies》2008,16(2):141-167
This article explores commonalities between parental claims for lesbian co-mothers and other contexts in which intention is
a key aspect to family formation for (mostly) heterosexual families: in particular, surrogacy and pre-birth disputes over
embryos. Through a series of case studies drawn from recent reproductive controversies, the paper uses the lens of empathy
to argue for social or non-genetic modes of parenthood connecting lesbian mothers and other ‘reproductive outsiders’.
相似文献
Jenni MillbankEmail: |
14.
Michael J. Merten K. A. S. Wickrama Amanda L. Williams 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(9):1111-1122
Using a sample of 7,881 African American (915 males and 1,073 females) and White (2,864 males and 3,029 females) adolescents
from Waves 1 and 3 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study examined the psychosocial consequences
that obese adolescents encounter as they reach young adulthood. Results indicate that obesity among adolescent females is
associated with a lower status attainment in young adulthood than normal weight adolescent females. In addition, obese adolescent
females have more depressive symptoms in young adulthood than normal weight females, even after controlling for prior depressive
symptoms in adolescence. Obesity status among adolescent males is not associated with poorer psychosocial outcomes in young
adulthood. We did not find evidence of an interaction between obesity status and race, indicating no significant differences
in psychosocial outcomes for obese White compared to obese African American adolescents.
相似文献
Michael J. MertenEmail: |
15.
Adolescents’ Acceptance of Same-Sex Peers Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Staccy S. Horn 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(3):363-371
This study investigated tenth- and twelfth-grade adolescents’ (N ≤ 264) judgments about the acceptability of same-sex peers
who varied in terms of their sexual orientation (straight, gay or lesbian) and their conformity to gender conventions or norms
in regard appearance and mannerisms or activity. Overall, the results of this study suggest that adolescents’ conceptions
of the acceptability of their peers are related not just to sexual orientation but also conformity to gender conventions.
Both straight and gay or lesbian individuals who were non-conventional in their appearance and mannerisms were rated as less
acceptable than individuals who conformed to gender conventions or those who participated in non-conventional activities.
Most surprisingly, for boys, the straight individual who was non-conforming in appearance was rated less acceptable than either
the gay individual who conformed to gender norms or was gender non-conforming in choice of activity.
相似文献
Staccy S. HornEmail: |
16.
Linda Trudeau Richard Spoth G. Kevin Randall Kari Azevedo 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(6):725-740
This study evaluated effects of the Iowa Strengthening Families Program, a family-focused universal preventive intervention, on growth patterns of adolescent internalizing (anxiety and depressive
symptoms) and monthly polysubstance use (alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, inhalants, and other illicit drugs), as well as the
association between internalizing and polysubstance growth factors. The sample consisted of rural Midwestern adolescents (N = 383), followed from sixth through twelfth grade. Compared to the control group, the intervention group adolescents showed
a slower rate of increase in internalizing symptoms and polysubstance use. Intervention effects on internalizing symptoms
were similar for boys and girls; however, girls demonstrated a higher overall level and a greater rate of increase across
time. The intervention slowed the rate of increase in polysubstance use significantly more for girls than for boys, although
overall levels of use were lower in the intervention group for both genders. Associations between internalizing and polysubstance
use growth factors were found for girls, but not for boys, suggesting gender differences in psychosocial development.
相似文献
Linda TrudeauEmail: |
17.
Haesook Kim 《Feminist Legal Studies》2009,17(1):61-77
The author proposes and employs the Avalanche Perspective in analysing the entry of women into the Korean judiciary from the
first pioneers in 1952 to the present. Starting from a general atmospheric warming trend towards women in postwar Korea, there
developed instability in the status quo, then a breakthrough that led to a cascade of women participating in the legal profession.
Although cultural resistance and political obstacles remained to be overcome, this quantitative expansion ultimately led to
a greater acceptance of women’s participation in the judicial arena. Significant judicial changes that furthered the causes
of women in contemporary Korea were coincident with women being members of the judiciary. The quantitative changes of the
past fifty-six years opened the possibility of qualitative progress for women in the Korean judiciary. The Avalanche Perspective
as applied to the judiciary in Korea, provides an understanding of the forces at work that have had a profound effect upon
the place of women in the new cultural and political reality of the Korean people.
相似文献
Haesook KimEmail: |
18.
Anna M. Charbonneau Amy H. Mezulis Janet Shibley Hyde 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(8):1050-1058
In this longitudinal study, we examined whether certain types of stressful events and how individuals respond to these events
would explain gender differences in depressive symptoms among adolescents. We hypothesized that certain stressful events would
mediate the relationship between gender and depressive symptoms. We also hypothesized that individual differences in emotional
reactivity would impact part of this relationship. Lastly, we examined whether gender differences in early childhood temperament
might explain gender differences in emotional reactivity in adolescence. We examined these hypotheses in a sample of 315 adolescents
(51% females; 93% Caucasian; 3% African–American; and 1% each Hispanic, Asian–American, and Native American) participating
in a longitudinal study of child development since birth. We used multiple regression and constrained nonlinear regression
to analyze the data. Results indicated that stressful events significantly mediated gender differences in depression, and
that individual differences in emotional reactivity to these stressors significantly moderated the relationship between stress
and depression. We also observed significant gender differences in emotional reactivity to these stressors; temperamental
differences in withdrawal negativity in infancy were marginally significant in mediating gender differences in emotional reactivity
to stress in adolescence.
相似文献
Anna M. CharbonneauEmail: |
19.
The Skinny on Body Dissatisfaction: A Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Girls and Boys 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
The present study tested whether theoretically derived risk factors predicted increases in body dissatisfaction and whether gender moderated these relations with data from a longitudinal study of 428 adolescent girls and boys because few prospective studies have examined these aims, despite evidence that body dissatisfaction increases risk for various psychiatric disturbances. Body dissatisfaction showed significant increases for girls and significant decreases for boys during early adolescence. For both genders, parental support deficits, negative affectivity, and self-reported dietary restraint showed significant relations to future increases in body dissatisfaction. Ideal body internalization and body mass index did not demonstrate significant relations to future increases in body dissatisfaction; peer support deficits showed a marginal relation to this outcome. Gender did not moderate these relations, despite adequate power to detect interactive effects.
相似文献
Sarah Kate BearmanEmail: |
20.
Tiffany L. Brown Miriam R. Linver Melanie Evans Donna DeGennaro 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(2):214-227
This study examined the relationship of racial and ethnic socialization and academic achievement in a sample of 218 African
American adolescents (grades 9–12; 52% girls) attending a public high school in the northeastern United States. Researchers
were particularly interested in whether adolescent gender moderated the relationship between racial and ethnic socialization
and academic grades. Results indicated that aspects of ethnic socialization, African American cultural values and African
American heritage were linked to adolescent grades. Additionally, adolescent gender was found to moderate the association
between these socialization variables and grades. The findings also suggest that socialization provided by paternal caregivers
around African American cultural values and African American heritage may have differential effects for academic grades than
the socialization messages provided by maternal caregivers. Information generated from this study broadens the understanding
of socialization factors that can facilitate positive academic outcomes in African American youth and has practical implications
for parents and educators.
相似文献
Tiffany L. BrownEmail: |