从良意到美法——以防止误判为基本思路的《刑事诉讼法》再修改

法国皮埃尔·特律什和米海依尔·戴尔玛斯·玛蒂曾云:“世之法典,如同多厅室的旧居建筑,有些部分不再使用了,有些部分‘废弃’了,甚至不得不拆除;另一些部分则相反,经过增添旁室侧宅而得到扩充。①”我国的《刑事诉讼法》原来按照“苏联建筑”的模样进行简单化仿制,这个在世界各国的同类法典中因其条文过简过少而略显单薄的法典,在1996年的时候发生了不小的变化,它的一些局部在一些热情而又有影响力的人们七手八脚地改造下变了模样。一晃十年时光过去了,如今这个旧居建筑又要整修增补,对于这次旧居改造,人们如同上次修改时一样抱有很大期望,…     

American Policing and the Danger Imperative

In spite of long‐term declines in the violent victimization of U.S. police officers, the danger of police work continues to structure police socialization, culture, and behavior. Existing research, though attentive to police behavior and deviance that negatively affects the public, analytically ignores how the danger of policing engenders officer behavior that harms police themselves. Drawing on ethnographic observations and interviews in three U.S. police departments, this article describes how police are informally and formally socialized into the danger imperative—a cultural frame that emphasizes violence and the need for officer safety—and its effect on officer behavior. As a result of perception mediated through the danger imperative, officers engage in policy‐compliant and policy‐deviant behaviors to protect themselves from violence. Unfortunately, policy‐deviant behaviors such as unauthorized highspeed driving and not wearing a seatbelt, though justified in the name of safety, lead to catastrophic car accidents that injure and kill both police and members of the public. This article concludes with discussion of how seemingly mundane policy deviant behaviors are a reflection of assumptions within police culture that undergird police practices that damage public wellbeing and perpetuate boarder inequalities in U.S. policing.     

司法鉴定管理立法势在必行

司法鉴定管理问题,已成为当前鉴定界倍受关注的热点。本刊自今年第1期发表全国人大内司委负责同志答记者问——落实“三个代表”重要思想把司法鉴定管理纳入法制化轨道一文之后,收到了不少探讨司法鉴定管理问题的来稿,我们遴选了部分专家的文章,特辟“专家论坛”栏目,以笔谈形式,研究司法鉴定管理中的实际状况和理论问题,旨在促进司法鉴定的立法建设,推进司法鉴定管理体制的改革与完善。     

Punishing Cruelly: Punishment, Cruelty, and Mercy

What is cruelty? How and why does it matter? What do the legal rejection of cruelty and the requirements of mercy entail? This essay asks these questions of Lucius Seneca, who first articulated an agent-based conception of cruelty in the context of punishment. The hypothesis is submitted that the answers to these questions offered in Seneca’s De clementia constitute one of the turning points in the evolution of practical reason in law. I conclude, however, by arguing that even the mainstream punitive practices of contemporary western societies fail to meet the modest imperatives of the rejection of cruelty and the unconditionality of mercy propounded by Seneca.     

从民法到社会保障的工资债权保护——以德法两国工资保障为视角

企业等组织无偿债能力时,民法对于工资债权的保护具有相当局限性.德法两国引入社会保障机制旨在担保企业偿债不能时劳动者工资债权之实现.这不仅基于劳动者生存权保障之需要,也有利于帮助偿债不能企业重生,避免失业风险扩大.深圳和上海两地已有通过社会保障机制来保护工资债权之尝试.我国应总结地方已有之经验和教训,借鉴德法两国立法经验,建立工资债权社会保障机制.同时修改破产法,对工资优先权予以适当限制,强化促进企业重生之法律功能.     

Enforcing the Minimum Wage

The introduction of the national minimum wage in the United Kingdom poses a new challenge for labour law because of its novel enforcement methods. This article examines carefully the possibilities for enforcing the new statutory minimum wage in the light of regulatory theory and the government's desire to make the wage 'self-enforcing'. It offers policy suggestions as to how the different enforcement strands can be best made to work together and highlights some of the dangers the government needs to be aware of in this area.     

Cruelty and Decay in Two Empires: China and Rome

This article addresses the rise of poverty, violence, and decay in the pre-indus- trialized societies of the Roman and Chinese Empires. Major similarities between the declines of these two Empires include the unchecked authority of those in charge, an arbitrary market meant to serve the elite, and the costs of financing wars and luxury living. This is contrasted with the rage and unruliness of large numbers of lower class members who lacked the basic necessities of life, including food and work. One difference is that strong ethnic self-awareness in China survived the collapse of the empire, whereas Romes willingness to grant its land to foreigners contributed to subsequent fragmentation.     

Virtuous Circularity: Positive Law and Particular Justice

This paper argues that the positive allocative decisions paradigmatically carried out by the application of legal rules are a necessary condition for arguments about particular justice (i.e., distributive and commutative justice) to make sense. If one shifts the focus from the distinction between distributive and commutative justice to what the two aspects of particular justice are for, namely, providing criteria to judge the allocation of goods, it becomes clear that the distinction is conceptually unstable. The paper argues that stabilizing the distinction is worthwhile and that this can only be accomplished by the introduction of positive allocation schemes.     

关于建立案例指导制度的必要性

近日，备受关注的罗彩霞案尘埃落定。在本案中，被告律师认为原告主张的精神损害赔偿数额过大，并提供了此前其他法院审结的类似案例予以说明。在此类侵权案件中，争议的一个焦点是精神损害赔偿的数额，但法律没有对赔偿数额给出答案，也不可能有答案。对于法官来说，赔偿数额是其自由裁定权的范围，而被告代理人提供的案例，     

规范司法鉴定程序之立法势在必行

司法鉴定改革是我国司法改革的重要内容,也是近年来学术讨论及立法工作的重点。但是,学界及立法部门的关注点多集中于司法鉴定体制的完善及鉴定活动的统一管理,而忽略了对鉴定程序的规范和完善,造成我国司法鉴定改革的片面发展。在当前三大诉讼法均面临修改的大好时机下,如何借机推动司法鉴定的程序立法是摆在学术界和立法部门面前的一个共同课题。本文对此试做探讨,以求抛砖引玉,共同将司法鉴定的改革推向一个更高的境界。     

紧急状态入宪的意义

紧急状态是危及一个国家正常的宪法和法律秩序、对人民的生命和财产安全构成严重威胁的正在发生的或者是迫在眉睫的危险事态.     

围绕良性循环发展目标 努力提高司法行政工作保障水平

保障有力是发挥司法行政工作职能的基本条件。司法行政工作保障既有物质的因素，也有非物质的因素，还包括物质与非物质因素的良性互动。近年来，我们在司法部和安徽省委、省政府的正确领导和大力支持下，围绕“十一五”期末安徽司法行政工作基本实现良性循环发展的目标，统筹物质和非物质两方面因素，从组织保障、技术保障、物质保障和制度保障等四个方面人手，努力提高司法行政工作综合保障水平。     

建立中国特色的罪犯社会执行制度势在必行

我国目前社会犯罪和监狱押犯不断攀升的严峻现实及其不容乐观的发展趋势，迫切要求我们加速刑罚执行制度的改革创新，及早建立中国特色的罪犯社会执行制度，从而有效地完成新世纪社会主义市场经济条件下综合治理社会犯罪的艰巨任务，切实贯彻依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家的治国方略。     

Jacqueline Rose: Mothers: An Essay on Love and Cruelty

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