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1.
Helena Machado 《Feminist Legal Studies》2008,16(2):215-236
This article explores how the Portuguese legal system’s efforts to determine paternity of children born outside legal marriage,
automatically initiated by the Registry Office when a birth registration does not indicate the father, reveal cultural models
which reinforce the naturalisation of the differences between mothers and fathers, with significant effects on the social
construction of parental roles and on expectations of family organisation and female sexual behaviour. The article relies
on ethnographic data drawn from direct observation of court proceedings for the determination of paternity, as well as interviews
with judges and prosecuting counsels all over the country. It is argued that judicial practices in the specific context of
courtroom investigations of paternity reinforce gender inequalities in two interrelated ways. On the one hand, they are strengthened
in the discursive practices performed during the course of the interactions between judges, prosecuting counsels and the mother
of the child, as well as the alleged father. On the other hand, the normative model of family life and the dominant ideology
of women’s and men’s relationships, which emphasise women’s socially subordinate position, are revealed by the selective use
of DNA testing in paternity cases, based on the judge’s evaluation of the mother’s sexual behaviour. The article argues that
legal attempts to establish the paternity of children born outside marriage—though based on novel technical and supposedly
objective procedures—tend, nevertheless, to reproduce the prevailing patriarchal structures.
相似文献
Helena MachadoEmail: |
2.
Hilary Charlesworth 《Feminist Legal Studies》2008,16(3):347-361
This paper examines the way that women’s relationship to peace is constructed in international institutions and international
law. It identifies a set of claims about women and peace that are typically made and considers these in light of women’s experience
in the conflicts in Bougainville, East Timor and the Solomon Islands.
相似文献
Hilary CharlesworthEmail: |
3.
A Longitudinal Study of the Simultaneous Influence of Mothers’ and Teachers’ Educational Expectations on Low-income Youth’s Academic Achievement 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rashmita S. Mistry Elizabeth S. White Aprile D. Benner Virginia W. Huynh 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(6):826-838
This short-term longitudinal study investigated the simultaneous influences of adults’ (mothers and teachers) educational
expectations and youth’s achievement (standardized test scores and teachers’ ratings of academic performance) across a 3-year
time span on youth’s performance in school (GPA). Participants were an ethnically diverse sample of 426 low-income urban youth,
ages 6 through 16 at T1. Results from cross-lagged and autoregressive path analyses indicated stability in adults’ expectations
and youth’s standardized test scores; cross-lagged influences of teachers’, but not mothers’, expectations across time; and
effects of youth’s achievement outcomes on adults’ expectations at T2, but not vice versa. Overall, the pattern of findings
demonstrate that adults’ educational expectations are dynamic and responsive to how youth are faring in school and to changes
in academic performance across time.
相似文献
Rashmita S. MistryEmail: |
4.
Unlikely Fissures and Uneasy Resonances: Lesbian Co-mothers,Surrogate Parenthood and Fathers’ Rights
Jenni Millbank 《Feminist Legal Studies》2008,16(2):141-167
This article explores commonalities between parental claims for lesbian co-mothers and other contexts in which intention is
a key aspect to family formation for (mostly) heterosexual families: in particular, surrogacy and pre-birth disputes over
embryos. Through a series of case studies drawn from recent reproductive controversies, the paper uses the lens of empathy
to argue for social or non-genetic modes of parenthood connecting lesbian mothers and other ‘reproductive outsiders’.
相似文献
Jenni MillbankEmail: |
5.
<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ples Bilong Mere</Emphasis>*: Law,Gender and Peace-Building in Solomon Islands 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Jennifer Corrin 《Feminist Legal Studies》2008,16(2):169-194
This article discusses women and peace-building in Solomon Islands and the effect of law, theory and practical circumstances
on their role. It looks at the place of Solomon Islands women in society historically, with particular reference to war and
peace. It then analyses their current status from a legal perspective, looking at the existing Constitution, the proposed
Federal Constitution, and relevant aspects of international law. It questions whether gender equity provisions are sufficient
to promote participation at a practical level. The article also disputes the effectiveness of various international, regional,
and local initiatives, designed to enhance the status of women. The article discusses the application of some of the theories
relating to women and peace-building to the circumstances of Solomon Islands. It concludes by looking to the future and discussing
means of consolidating women’s position, and increasing their involvement in leadership and decision-making.
相似文献
Jennifer CorrinEmail: |
6.
This study examined dimensions of mothers’ and fathers’ involvement in adolescents’ romantic relationships when offspring
were age 17. Using cluster analysis, parents from 105 White, working and middle class families were classified as positively
involved, negatively involved, or autonomy-oriented with respect to their adolescents’ romantic relationships. Patterns of
parental involvement were generally not associated with parent–offspring relationship quality at about adolescent age 13,
but earlier parent–offspring relationship quality moderated the associations between parental involvement and adolescent romantic
experiences at about age 18. Positive parent–offspring relationship quality buffered the effects of negative parental involvement,
whereas poorer parent–offspring relationship quality was a more adaptive context for adolescents of autonomy-oriented parents.
Discussion focuses on the importance of parenting practices in adolescent romantic relationships and the emotional climate
of parent–offspring relationships as a developmental context for those practices.
相似文献
Marni L. KanEmail: |
7.
Muriel D. Van Doorn Susan J. T. Branje Joop J. Hox Wim H. J. Meeus 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(6):790-803
A daily diary method was used to examine the daily dynamics of adolescent conflict and perceived relationship satisfaction
with mothers, fathers, and best friends among a sample of 72 Dutch adolescents (M = 15.59 years). Multilevel analyses revealed that perceived relationship satisfaction with mothers, fathers, and best friends
was lower on days on which conflict occurred with mothers, fathers, and best friends than on days on which no conflict occurred.
More specifically, perceived relationship satisfaction was highest in a particular relationship on days when no conflict occurred,
second highest on days on which constructive conflict occurred, and lowest on days on which unconstructive conflict occurred.
Whereas in adolescents’ relationships with their parents, conflict and perceived relationship satisfaction were not found
to be related to each other one day later, conflict with their best friends—and especially unconstructive conflict—was found
to be related to higher perceived relationship satisfaction one day later.
相似文献
Muriel D. Van DoornEmail: |
8.
9.
Carolyn McNamara Barry Laura M. Padilla-Walker Stephanie D. Madsen Larry J. Nelson 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(5):581-591
Studies document that parents serve as children’s primary socialization agents, particularly for moral development and prosocial
behavior; however, less is known regarding parental influences on prosocial outcomes during the transition to adulthood. The
purpose of this study was to investigate how mother–child relationship quality was related to prosocial tendencies via emerging
adults’ regulation of prosocial values. Participants included 228 undergraduate students (ranging from 18 to 25 years; 90%
European American) and their mothers (ranging from 38 to 59 years) from four locations across the United States. Path analyses
using structural equation modeling revealed that mother–child relationship quality was related to emerging adults’ regulation
of prosocial values, which was, in turn, related to emerging adults’ prosocial tendencies. Specifically, emerging adults who
reported higher levels of internal regulation of prosocial values were more likely to report prosocial tendencies that de-emphasized
themselves, and were less likely to report prosocial tendencies for the approval of others.
相似文献
Carolyn McNamara BarryEmail: |
10.
Developmental Changes in Adolescents’ Perceptions of Relationships with Their Parents 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Irene H. A. De Goede Susan J. T. Branje Wim H. J. Meeus 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(1):75-88
This 4-wave longitudinal study examines developmental changes in adolescents’ perceptions of parent–adolescent relationships
by assessing parental support, conflict with parents, and parental power. A total of 951 early adolescents (50.4% boys) and
390 middle adolescents (43.3% boys) participated. Univariate and multivariate growth curve analyses showed that support declined
from early to middle adolescence for boys and girls and increased from middle to late adolescence for girls, while stabilizing
for boys. Conflict was found to temporarily increase during middle adolescence. Parental power (relative power and dominance
of parents) decreased from early to late adolescence. Results indicated that: (1) parent–adolescent relationships become more
egalitarian during adolescence, (2) parents perceived by adolescents as powerful are viewed as supportive, especially in early
adolescence, and (3) perceived conflict with parents is related to but not an impetus for changes in parent–adolescent relationships
towards more equality.
相似文献
Irene H. A. De GoedeEmail: |
11.
Veronica M. Herrera Jacquelyn D. Wiersma H. Harrington Cleveland 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(3):284-296
This study examines individual and partner characteristics associated with the perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV)
in young adult relationships with opposite sex partners. Using data from Waves 1 and 3 of the National Longitudinal Study
of Adolescent Health, this study examined 1,275 young adults’ heterosexual romantic relationships. Controlling for the effects
of family and school correlates measured in adolescence, we examined the extent to which participants’ general violent behavior
in young adulthood and their partners’ use of violence in their relationship influence participants’ IPV perpetration. We
found that both having general violent tendencies and being a target of violence in a relationship influenced one’s likelihood
of young adults perpetrating IPV. We also tested whether the overall influence of participants’ general violent behavior on
IPV perpetration was moderated by their partners’ use of violence in the relationship. We found that young women’s greatest
expression of violent tendencies emerged when in relationships with violent men; yet, when partnered with non-violent men,
young women’s own violent tendencies did not lead to IPV. We found little evidence for the interactive effect for young men
in the study. The lack of a significant interaction in the model indicated that young men’s general aggression was not conditioned
on their partners’ use of physical aggression in their relationships.
相似文献
H. Harrington ClevelandEmail: |
12.
A recent parliamentary postulate in Switzerland calling for joint custody as the legal norm argues that fathers are discriminated
against in Swiss divorce law. This postulate has incited a debate which circles around issues of equality, the role of fathers
and mothers, and the good of the child. Our article, uniting approaches from literature, cultural studies, and science and
technology studies, examines the arguments sparked by the debate with a view to different takes on gender and family. In doing
so, it traces the roots of contemporary Swiss family law in the Rousseauian narrative of family life in Emile ou de l’education; it explores the manner in which scientific knowledge is marshaled to lend political legitimacy to current debate; and it
asks finally how narrative bridges the gap between public discourse and lived experience.
相似文献
Caroline WiedmerEmail: |
13.
Erin Hiley Sharp Linda L. Caldwell John W. Graham Ty A. Ridenour 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2006,35(3):340-353
Time spent in freely chosen leisure activities offers a distinct developmental context that can support positive youth development; however this potential for growth depends in part on adolescent interest and engagement in their free time activities. Research indicates that many adolescents report experiencing boredom, instead of interest, in their free time. This study utilized longitudinal data from 354 rural middle school students to investigate how parenting practices and adolescent motivational styles influence adolescents’ experience of interest in their free time. Findings indicated that adolescent self-regulated motivation and parental knowledge related to the free time context were positively associated with experiences of interest, while adolescent amotivation and parental control were negatively associated with interest in free time. The effect of parental knowledge and parental control on adolescents’ experiences of interest was mediated by adolescent motivational styles. These results were similar across grade level and gender. Implications for interventions promoting positive youth development are discussed.
相似文献
Erin Hiley SharpEmail: |
14.
Gender Differences in the Educational Expectations of Urban,Low-Income African American Youth: The Role of Parents and the School 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
This study examined how youths’ gender is related to the educational expectations of urban, low-income African American youth,
their parents, and their teachers. As predicted, African American boys (ages 9–16) reported lower expectations for future
educational attainment than did their female counterparts. Parents and teachers also reported lower expectations for African
American boys (ages 6–16) than for girls. These findings held even when controlling for academic achievement. Contrary to
predictions, the magnitude of the difference in expectations for males vs. females did not increase as a function of youths’
age. In keeping with our hypotheses, parental expectations fully mediated the relation between youths’ gender and youths’
expectations. Finally, certain school-based factors (i.e., positive teacher expectations and positive youth perceptions of
the school environment) appeared to protect youths’ expectations from the deleterious impact of low parental expectations.
相似文献
Dana WoodEmail: |
15.
This study tested associations between adolescent perceptions of interparental conflict, adolescent attachment security with parents, and adolescent marital expectations and romantic experiences. Participants were 96 early adolescent females from 2 parent families. Insecurity was examined as a mediator of the association between negative perceptions of parental conflict and romantic outcomes. Results supported the mediation model in which adolescents' negative perceptions of parental conflict was associated with insecure attachment with parents, which was in turn associated with negative marital expectations and romantic experiences. Implications for understanding how parent-adolescent and interparental variables influence adolescent marital expectations and romantic experiences are discussed.
相似文献
Sara J. SteinbergEmail: |
16.
Participation in Youth Programs as a Catalyst for Negotiation of Family Autonomy with Connection 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Reed W. Larson Nickki Pearce Patrick J. Sullivan Robin L. Jarrett 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(1):31-45
Current research and theory suggest that the healthy path of autonomy development involves gradual negotiation of adolescents’
independence within a context of continued family connection. This theory-generating study examined the role that adolescents’ participation
in youth programs plays in these adolescent-parent negotiations. Qualitative data from high-school-aged youth in 12 programs
and from a sub-sample of parents were analyzed employing methods of grounded theory. These analyses suggest that program participation
provides a pathway of opportunities for youth to exercise individual choice and develop qualities of self-reliance with parental
approval. In turn, parents’ observation of self-reliance in the program and youth's demonstration of these qualities in family
interactions can lead to changes in adolescent-parent relationships that provide youth greater family autonomy with connection.
相似文献
Robin L. JarrettEmail: |
17.
Latino Adolescents’ Civic Development in the United States: Research Results from the IEA Civic Education Study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Judith Torney-Purta Carolyn H. Barber Britt Wilkenfeld 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(2):111-125
Many studies have reported gaps between Latino and non-Latino adolescents in academic and political outcomes. The current
study presents possible explanations for such gaps, both at the individual and school level. Hierarchical linear modeling
is employed to examine data from 2,811 American ninth graders (approximately 14 years of age) who had participated in the
IEA Civic Education study. Analyses of large data bases enable the consideration of individual characteristics and experiences,
as well as the context of classrooms and schools. In comparison with non-Latino students, Latino adolescents report more positive
attitudes toward immigrants’ rights but have lower civic knowledge and expected civic participation. These differences were
apparent even when controlling for language, country of birth, and political discussions with parents. School characteristics
that explain a portion of this gap include open classroom climate and time devoted to study of political topics and democratic
ideals. Results are discussed within the framework of developmental assets and political socialization. Implications for educational
policy and ways to use large data sets are also discussed.
相似文献
Britt WilkenfeldEmail: |
18.
Though the overall numbers of women judges remain small, higher proportions of women have been appointed to many lower courts
in common law, and particularly in civil law, countries. This paper investigates whether the experiences of judging and judicial
work differ among women and men magistrates in Australia’s lower courts. The particular focus is satisfaction with their work
as judges. In so doing, it helps build up a picture of the extent of the gendered nature of the judiciary as an occupation.
Measures of overall job satisfaction identify few gender differences; more refined measures highlight areas of divergence
between men and women magistrates, suggesting gendered experiences of judicial work which result from particular characteristics
of the occupation, as presently constituted, rather than the nature of judging itself.
相似文献
Kathy MackEmail: |
19.
Arne K. Albrecht Nancy L. Galambos S. Mikael Jansson 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(5):673-684
This panel study investigated the directionality of relations between adolescents’ perceptions of their parents’ psychological
control and adolescents’ self-reported internalizing and aggressive (physical and relational) behaviors. Data were collected
from a random, community sample of 530 adolescents ages 12–19 years old at time 1, and again 2 years later. Hierarchical regression
analyses found that adolescents’ perceptions of parents’ psychological control at baseline did not predict changes in adolescents’
internalizing and aggressive behaviors over 2 years but higher internalizing behavior and physical aggression at time 1 predicted
increases in adolescents’ estimates of their mothers’ and fathers’ psychologically controlling behaviors. Higher relational
aggression reported by adolescents at time 1 predicted increases in their perceptions of mothers as psychologically controlling.
This study provides more evidence for child effects on adolescents’ ratings of their parents’ psychological control than for
parent effects of perceived psychological control on adolescents’ behavior.
相似文献
Nancy L. GalambosEmail: |
20.
Adolescents’ Acceptance of Same-Sex Peers Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Staccy S. Horn 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(3):363-371
This study investigated tenth- and twelfth-grade adolescents’ (N ≤ 264) judgments about the acceptability of same-sex peers
who varied in terms of their sexual orientation (straight, gay or lesbian) and their conformity to gender conventions or norms
in regard appearance and mannerisms or activity. Overall, the results of this study suggest that adolescents’ conceptions
of the acceptability of their peers are related not just to sexual orientation but also conformity to gender conventions.
Both straight and gay or lesbian individuals who were non-conventional in their appearance and mannerisms were rated as less
acceptable than individuals who conformed to gender conventions or those who participated in non-conventional activities.
Most surprisingly, for boys, the straight individual who was non-conforming in appearance was rated less acceptable than either
the gay individual who conformed to gender norms or was gender non-conforming in choice of activity.
相似文献
Staccy S. HornEmail: |