法国人民阵线建立的历史前提

1634—1938年法国人民阵线是法国现代史上具有重大意义的事件。作为左翼力量的联盟,它的出现有其历史渊源,19世纪90年代中叶,为重审德雷福斯案件,激进党、共和进步党和社会主义者曾联合起来,组成“左翼联盟”内阁;本世纪20年代,激进党、社会共和党和社会党又建立过类似内阁。但是,这只是些暂时性的选举联盟,与人民阵线有很     

经济运行方式、企业管理模式与民族文化多样性——首届中法跨文化管理国际高峰论坛综述

在经济全球化向纵深发展与中国企业积极谋求向海外扩张的背景下，首届中法跨文化管理国际高峰论坛于2010年9月24日到26日在上海松江召开。国内外的专家、学者通过主题报告、主题会场等方式，就民族文化多样性对经济运行方式和企业管理模式的影响等方面的问题进行了深入的交流和探讨，在导致企业管理中文化冲突的主因，企业管理普遍模式与地方传统的对接，跨国并购中的文化整合，文化与管理创新，跨文化管理的研究趋势和方法等方面达成了重要共识，并就经济全球化背景下通过提高跨文化管理水平增强企业竞争优势提出了各种有价值的观点。     

韩国总统咨询机构──教育改革委员会

韩国总统咨询机构──教育改革委员会宗旨和沿革教育改革委员会，是应总统的要求，制定２１世纪韩国教育的基本政策，提高国民对教育长期发展的认同，推进全社会的教育改革而设立的总统咨询机构。该委员会讨论将在ＺＩ世纪进行的泛政府的。泛社会的教育改革，研究、审查教...     

岸田内阁官邸主导决策特征及其实施困境——以“经济安保法”的出台过程为例

为有效应对此前政权遗留的官邸决策弊端并谋求执政长期稳固，岸田内阁在政府决策上一方面延续官邸主导形式，另一方面在官邸决策过程中寻求兼顾与外部决策主体的意见协调。作为内阁“看板政策”推进的重要一环，在“经济安保法”的制定出台过程中，官邸主导的“延续性”及“协调性”特征均得到了明显体现。但在官邸主导的实地推进中，岸田内阁仍受到来自首相个人政治领导力“缺位”的严重制约，进而导致官邸主导实际政策效果整体不佳。加之制度及国内政治因素层面的相互影响，首相亦难以破解其在政治领导上的不力困局。伴随执政基础的长时期弱化，岸田内阁推进官邸主导的整体前景也难言明朗。     

政官关系与日本民主党政权的政策决定

基于“政治主导”的政治理念，民主党政权在政策决定过程领域推行政官关系变革。历经鸠山内阁、菅内阁与野田内阁，随着政官关系变革态势的减弱并遭受顿挫，民主党政权的政策决定过程反复变化。政官关系定位不准，不仅导致民主党政权的政策决定过程反复变化，也削弱了其决策效益与执政能力。     

《面向21世纪的东南亚:改革与发展》国际研讨会综述

１９９９ 年９ 月１９ 日至２１ 日，在广州南湖宾馆召开了《面向２１ 世纪的东南亚：改革与发展》国际研讨会。会议就面向２１ 世纪东南亚国家的改革与发展等问题以大会发言和小组讨论相结合的形式，展开了热烈的讨论。经过充分的讨论，与会代表达成共识：东南亚国家的改革不可逆转，但发展道路是曲折的。     

日本自公联合内阁长期化的影响因素研究

根据在内阁构成、政党体系、选举制度、修宪条件、央行独立性等十个领域,各国在发展过程中所表现出的具体政治特征,西方学界划分出“多数民主模式”与“共识民主模式”两种政治体制的国家阵营。量化显示,日本各项政治特征的计算指标并不符合多数民主或共识民主的典型性,而是位于临界水平。换言之,日本既非多数民主也非共识民主,不能直接照搬某一模式中各政治特征对内阁类型的影响来分析日本当前的情况。不过,即使与理想状态存在出入,但民主模式分类标准中各项特征对一国政治现实的影响,却是广泛存在的,诸特征的相关性,无论对多数还是共识民主国家,也都是普适的,那么,这些政治特征及其彼此的相关关系,将如何影响内阁类型呢?通过相关分析与回归分析的定量研究方法,首先讨论西方民主模式的相关理论,明确各项政治特征的量化标准,在此基础上,具体研究日本政治特征与内阁类型的相关关系,以及作为自变量对内阁类型变动的解释力水平,最后,补充其它潜在的,经济社会领域的内阁类型影响因素。     

创造新韩国的教育改革的方向和课题

创造新韩国的教育改革的方向和课题韩国教育改革委员会［编者按］本资料系韩国教育改革委员会于１９９４年９月５日向总统递交的报告，读者由此可了解韩国教育改革的方向和课题。一、教育改革的必要性１．建立引导２１世纪的“新教育”体制预计２１世纪的社会将会变成与今...     

20世纪90年代以来日本研究生教育改革与发展探析

20世纪90年代以来,由于在高新技术创新能力上的巨大差异,导致美、日间在产业结构和经济战略层次上的差距日益拉大,由此引发了日本研究生教育改革.本文主要介绍了其研究生教育改革与发展的背景,并分析了其研究生教育改革与发展的主要特点,以期对我国新时期研究生教育改革与发展提供有价值的参考.     

韩国精简政府机构并改组内阁

韩国精简政府机构并改组内阁１９９４年１２月２３日，韩国国会临时会议以１７１票赞成、７９票反对、９票弃权审议通过了政府机构改革方案。改革内容如下：１）将经济企划院与财务部合并成立“财政经济院”；２）将建设部与交通部合并成立“建设交通部”；３）将商工资源...     

Keeping face in the public sphere: recognition,discretion and Uzbekistan's relations with the United States and Germany, 1991–2006

The manner in which President Karimov's roles were recognized in the global arena affected how Uzbekistan's international relations developed – a perspective that highlights both the form and the content of bilateral relationships. While mutual interests are crucial to beginning a relationship, it is also important to understand how those relations were recognized in public and dealt with in private. If partners managed to recognize Karimov's agenda publicly, or at least act with discretion, this tended to create an atmosphere favouring cooperation. As such, recognition and discretion reveal much about Karimov's concerns with international equality and self-reliance, pointing to the reasons why Uzbekistan's relations fluctuated more with some actors than others. The United States and Germany are ideal examples of that ambivalent situation: Washington often cooperated with Uzbekistan on security matters, but then saw its military personnel excluded from Qarshi-Qanabad after the 2005 Andijan crisis; whereas Berlin witnessed little change in its relationship with Uzbekistan and continued to lease a base in Termez after 2005. This difference in outcomes can be explained in part by a dynamic of recognition and discretion.     

日本的社会教育研究

明治维新后,日本的社会教育研究历经二战前后的奠基阶段和重振阶段,呈现出不断发展的过程。本文分别从社会教育的概念、特征、意义、内容、政策法规、公民馆、社会教育史等方面来概览社会教育的研究主题。在此基础上,对未来日本社会教育的研究趋势进行展望,即立足终身学习开展社会教育研究、社会教育研究内容逐步突出功能性、社会教育的形式关注民间力量、社会教育政策研究注重与教育改革同步、社会教育研究范畴趋向独立等5方面。     

Singapore General Election 2015 and the Role of Citizenship Education

Abstract

This article explores the role of education, in particular citizenship education, in shaping the Singapore electorate. An understanding of the history of citizenship education helps to shed light on the contemporary political culture in Singapore. The extent to which democratic citizenship education has been taught in schools since 1958 is explored. Singapore’s citizenship education has consistently stressed the duties and responsibilities of citizenship, patriotism, national identity and moral values—with the goal of nation-building and legitimising the People’s Action Party state. This reflective historical piece on Singapore’s educational history adds a relatively unexplored facet to the discussions on the general election 2015 results as well as Singapore’s subsequent political development. The results of the 2015 general election in Singapore, seen in this light, are not so surprising, as they reflect the success of the state’s citizenship education in shaping the current political culture.     

战后日本高等职业教育的发展特点

战后六十余年,日本的高等职业教育在适应经济和产业发展的需求中不断发展,对日本经济社会的发展和国民职业教育水平的提高发挥了重要的作用。战后日本高等职业教育的发展呈现出体系化、法制化、市场化、综合化、终身化等显著特点。研究战后日本高等职业教育的发展特点对处于发展关键时期的中国高等职业教育有着一定的启迪作用。     

高等教育的困境与出路——以日本专门学校制度为核心的考察

20世纪70年代,在广义高等教育的指导思想影响下,日本专门学校制度产生了,它旨在满足人们对高等教育需求量的增加及社会对多种实用型人才的需要,它的产生完善了日本高等教育体系。本文论述了日本专门学校制度产生的历史背景,分析了专门学校制度在培养适应经济社会发展的应用型人才方面的突出作用,提出了我国应借鉴日本专门学校制度的成功经验,大力发展我国的高等职业技术教育。     

甲午战争前后日本女性地位考察

甲午中日战争的胜利、《马关条约》的签订以及巨额的赔款,成为日本资本主义发展的转折点。日本女性地位也受此影响,日本资本主义工厂的增设提供了女性就业的岗位,免费初级教育的实施增加了女子教育的机会,但是女工权益受到严重侵害,《教育敕语》渗透在学校教育中,女性家庭地位更加低下,无参政权。     

日本社会教育的发展特点及对中国的启示

日本的社会教育经历了以科技教育为主要形式的学校教育依属阶段、以职业技能拓展为主要形式的发展阶段以及以终身学习为愿景的社会教育完善阶段的发展历程，总结出了完善以企业内部培训为平台的社会教育发展模式、形成以“学社融合”的社会教育发展模式、完善的社会教育学科研究以及注重民生为本的教育模式。总结日本的经验，从中获得启示，对中国的社区教育的整体发展具有一定的参考作用。     

Contesting multiculturalism: ethno-regionalism and contending forms of nationalism in late colonial Nigeria

Is multiculturalism the best way to deal with diversity in an emerging but divided (African) nation-state? Is multiculturalism antithetical to nation-building and mutual recognition of equal value among different ethnic-nationalities within African polities? These were some of the most fundamental questions that Nigeria’s ethno-regional political parties and their leaders confronted in the decolonisation period. Analysing different ethno-regional approaches to the challenges of political unity and nationalism in late colonial Nigeria, this article shows how the adoption of a federal system of government designed to encourage ‘interactive pluralism’ ended up promoting ‘fragmented pluralism’.     

Labor market integration of returned educational migrants in Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan has experienced increasing educational migration, and many of these students hope to return home after graduating. The ability of returned migrants to succeed in Turkmenistan’s labor market is complicated by a variety of factors, including variation in educational quality across countries, intrusive state regulation of foreign education, and Turkmenistan’s large informal sector. Based on a survey of 98 Turkmen citizens, this study compares the career trajectories and perceptions of the labor market of people educated in Turkmenistan to those educated elsewhere. Because men and women undertake different strategies of educational migration, it also compares patterns of labor market integration by gender. Country of education does appear to matter for employment in Turkmenistan, but the effect is most prominent immediately after graduation. Women were less likely to be employed in Turkmenistan, partly because they were more likely to have been educated abroad, and more likely to have a partner abroad.     

‘Are We Still Running?’: Violent Migration to Violent Refuge

For most foreign nationals of African origin who lived in South Africa during 2008 and 2015, this period will be remembered with horror and fear. These were the years when South Africa’s growing culture of xenophobia matured into mass deadly violence. This violence has been widely reported in the press and is the subject of much scholarly engagement. The pre-migration life stories of many who take refuge in South Africa are laden with violence but such narratives are less well known and reported. The forces at home that propel migration are frequently excessively violent and traumatic. Once in South Africa, many migrants experience further violence and vulnerability in their places of refuge, as in 2008 and 2015. The violence fuelling migration and characterising refuge are thus tragic combinations of multiple forms of physical, symbolic and structural violence. In identifying repeated cycles of trauma, dehumanisation and vulnerability, this article discusses the pleas of migrants for better understanding, formal recognition and support from South African citizens and the government. Finally, the role of peace education, including healing interventions, for creating greater justice and harmony between foreign nationals and their host communities is discussed.