Preparing for power: The German Greens and the challenge of party politics

This article argues that although there is no contradiction as such between radical commitment and practical politics, the demands of modern party and electoral politics present a challenge to radical parties. The case of the German Greens, Europe's most successful ecology party, is examined in this context, as they have faced this dilemma since their take-off into mainstream politics in the 1980s. This article assesses their response to the radicalism versus realism challenge over the past two decades, as well as considering its impact on the organizational structure of the party, its electoral strategy, ideology and policy agenda.     

The identity crisis in Jordan: historical pathways and contemporary debates

This study aims to identify the attempts to form a Jordanian national identity from the establishment of the Jordanian state in 1921 to date. This study reviews the efforts of the Jordanian state, which was subject to internal, external, political, social, economic, and cultural circumstances, and variables that led to change the Jordanian national identity to incorporate religious, national, regional, ethnic, and tribal aspects. The regime has been unable to address and resolve the issue of national identity; instead, it has tried several means to circumvent the problem of national identity. The identity card is a means that the regime has used to achieve its goals. These policies led to the state’s failure to define, establish, and maintain a comprehensive national identity for its citizens. The formation of a national identity has been a dilemma for Jordan since the establishment of the state; there is almost no known national identity. This situation calls for the construction of the Jordanian national identity on a fixed and clear basis to prevent its disintegration, to facilitate the process of social integration, and to build a final national identity that is both inclusive and representative. Without this identity, division and conflict may prevail in Jordanian society.     

苏共与德共关系及其启示--1917年至1991年的历程

1917年的俄国十月革命和1989-1991年的苏联解体可能是20世纪欧洲历史上最重大的事件,它对欧洲劳工运动产生了巨大而深远的影响.这对其邻国,即最受马克思主义影响、并组织得最好的德国工人运动产生了很大的冲击.德国工人运动的最早理论家和发言人是罗莎·卢森堡.1917年的十月革命,这一预示着残酷的一战结束的伟大历史事件,向每一位社会主义者发出了号召,各就各位,准备战斗.但是曾经积极支持帝国主义战争的德国社会党右翼领导人却严厉地反对俄国革命,并反对德国共产主义者追随布尔什维克的尝试.