监狱服刑人员心理健康状况的调查

本研究采用SCL-90评估问卷对浙江省第五监狱的服刑人员进行问卷调查,旨在对其心理状况做深层次的了解,为以后进行心理咨询与治疗打下基础。研究结果显示:(1)在总体上,服刑人员的SCL-90各因子均值均高于国内常模;(2)在抑郁、焦虑、生活因子上,余刑小于等于二年的服刑人员均值高于余刑大于二年的服刑人员;(3)不同年龄水平的服刑人员在躯体化、精神病性和生活这三个因子上存在显著差异,但在其余各因子上差异并不显著;(4)不同学历水平的监狱服刑人员在人际关系、精神和生活这三个因子上存在显著的差异;(5)不同婚姻状况的监狱服刑人员在强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、偏执和精神病性因子上都存在显著的差异。这表明服刑人员的心理健康水平严重低于正常人群,应积极在监狱中进行心理健康教育,普及心理健康知识,开展心理咨询服务。     

监狱心理健康服务机构的规范运行研究与对策

一、监狱心理健康服务机构的内涵 监狱心理健康服务机构是指运用心理学的原理、方法和技术为监狱民警、驻狱武警、服刑人员的心理健康提供专业服务的机构。“心理健康”一词的应用，与“心理治疗”、“心理矫治”两词相比，拓展了心理学在监狱工作中的应用范围，促进了心理学应用与监狱各项工作的有机结合。     

矫治失眠症患者

“感谢警官,没有您对我的帮助和治疗,就不会有我的今天.”服刑人员李钢在得到监狱知识竞赛荣誉后做的第一件事,就是来到监狱服刑人员心理健康指导中心向我报喜.望着李钢溢于言表的喜悦与激动,我笑了. 失眠 李钢今年刚满34岁,因犯故意伤害罪被判无期徒刑. 在监狱为新入监服刑人员举办的“改造从‘心’开始”心理健康指导课上,我为服刑人员讲解了监狱心理健康指导中心的职能以及心理健康标准之后,李钢立即举手要求预约咨询.既然是新入监的服刑人员,问题不可小觑.随即,我便对他进行了心理访谈.     

服刑人员未成年子女生存状况与社会救助研究——对浙江常山县、开化县和平湖市的调查

服刑人员未成年子女是一个十分特殊的少年群体，对他们的抚养、教育和保护是一个不可忽视的社会问题。本文就服刑人员未成年子女的生存状况实地走访了浙江省常山县、开化县和平湖市。期间调查了500名服刑人员子女。分析了服刑人员未成年子女的社会生存现状以及在生活、学习和心理健康状况等方面存在的主要问题。为加强服刑人员未成年子女保护、营造良好的成长环境，从完善立法保护制度、强化政府管理职能、建立社会关爱体系、调适监狱行刑政策和健全社会救助机制五个方面探讨了服刑人员未成年子女的社会救助政策。     

美育：提高监狱教育改造质量的新视点

审美教育在监狱教育改造中的运用是法律规定的应尽之职，是创造良好改造环境的客观需要，能满足不同文化层次的服刑人员的心灵需求。在监狱工作中选准载体，全力打造监狱美育精品文化工程，能拓展教育服刑人员的空间，带来教育改造罪犯工作的新的生机。     

监狱服刑人员的符号演进与文明治监

监狱服刑人员的符号,即指监狱服刑人员区别于其他人员所具有的显著特征,监狱的历史和现实实践表明,称谓、服装以及发型等都是监狱服刑人员符号的组成部分,能够鲜明表达出监狱服刑人员的特征,监狱服刑人员的符号与文明治监有十分密切的联系,通过对监狱服刑人员称谓、服装及发型的演进探析,以管窥文明治监的发展轨迹以及当下存在的一些问题和今后的努力方向,为文明治监的发展添砖加瓦.     

高墙内的心灵港湾——豫章监狱服刑指导中心工作纪实

江西省豫章监狱服刑指导中心成立5年来,紧紧围绕提高改造质量,积极探索和创新心理健康教育工作的方法和手段,在服刑人员中卓有成效地开展了心理健康教育活动。几年来,中心先后完成入监、出监、常规和随机心理测试6000多人次,为每一名服刑人员建立了完整的心理档案;开展网络视频谈话500多人次;现场心理咨询解答300多人次。中心被服刑人员誉为"心灵的港湾"和"服刑的向导"。网络视频,开启心灵的窗户     

高校毕业生心理健康状况的相关因素研究

目的了解高校毕业生的心理健康状况及相关影响因素。使用SCL-90量表对江苏两所高校的大四毕业生272人进行调查，结果高校毕业生SCL-90总分及各因子分显著高于常模（P〈0．01），其中躯体化、抑郁、敌对、恐怖、偏执因子与家庭结构显著相关，躯体化与经济状况有显著相关。应加强高校毕业生的心理健康教育工作。     

团体辅导对新入所劳教人员心理健康的影响研究

目的：研究团体辅导对新入所的劳教人员心理健康的影响效果。方法：对121名新入所的劳教人员进行团体心理辅导,并在辅导前后分别使用SCL-90进行测试,采用统计软件SPSS13.0对数据进行处理。结果：团体辅导前后比较SCL-90七个因子分、总分、阳性项目数都有极显著差异,三个因子的检出率有显著差异,二个因子的检出率有差异。结论：团体辅导能有效改善新入所劳教人员心理健康状况,提高情绪调控、适应环境的能力,可作为劳教人员心理矫治的一种有效方法。     

对479名男性强制隔离戒毒人员心理健康状况的调查

本文通过症状自评量表(SCL-90)对479名男性强制隔离戒毒人员进行问卷调查,对强制隔离戒毒人员的心理健康现况进行了解.研究发现强制隔离戒毒人员的SCL-90各因子分与总分均显著高于全国常模;心理健康水平低下的总检出率为46.97％,各因子检出率排前三位的依次为:强迫、抑郁以及躯体化.强制隔离戒毒人员的心理健康状况较差,需要有针对性地进行心理辅导与帮助.     

Psychiatric disorders and personality characteristics of prisoners at regular prison wards

BackgroundDutch correctional officers are trained to observe prisoners with severe mental disorder. This ‘behavioural’ approach is assumed to detect psychiatrically disordered prisoners with striking symptoms. On the basis of this screening procedure about 10% of the Dutch prison population is classified as needing special care or control. In the current study, what psychopathology can still be found among the remaining 90% prisoners residing at regular wards is investigated and which personality traits characterize them. When the prevalence of major mental illness would still turn out to be high in this group, the question arises whether the current, rather unstandardized, way of screening prisoners is sufficient.AimsTo assess the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among adult Dutch prisoners on regular wards, and to determine the concurrent and convergent validity of self-report measures and their screening characteristics in such a sample.Method191 randomly selected prisoners admitted to the general wards were administered a number of tests (SCL-90, NEO-PI-R, MINI) during the first weeks of their incarceration.ResultsIncluding substance abuse, 57% of the participants suffered from one or more Axis I disorders. About seven out of ten detainees with psychopathology as assessed with the MINI did not receive professional help. The concurrent and convergent validity of the SCL-90 and the NEO-PI-R turned out to be reasonable. The predictive validity of self-report measures in detecting prisoners with an Axis I disorders or suicide risks was moderate.ConclusionsThe Dutch ‘behavioural approach’ seems to be quite accurate in detecting prisoners with psychotic disorders. Most prisoners with other mental disorders on regular wards, however, did not receive professional help. The current study suggests that self report scales such as the SCL-90 and the NEO-PI-R may be helpful in screening detainees on important DSM-IV disorders.     

Intellectual disability in a prison population with anger problems in Trinidad

This paper describes the characteristics of groups of prisoners selected to take part in an anger management programme in prisons in Trinidad. Participants completed demographic measures, an IQ assessment, mental health measures and anger rating scales. Fifty-six inmates were screened with the WASI-2 and characteristics of this group are explored in this paper. The mean IQ for the group was 72.34 and 22 had a recorded IQ below 70 (37.5%). All of the respondents reported high levels of mental health problems with their mean ratings on the SCL-90 being closer to those of inpatient psychiatric group norms than non-clinical groups. A score of less than 70 on the WASI-2 is not sufficient for a diagnosis of an Intellectual Disability. Nevertheless, the results suggest that a significant number of individuals in these prisons may have an Intellectual Disability. More research is needed to help identify these individuals and provide support.     

男、女戒毒劳教人员精神卫生状况的对照研究

目的采用目前较为成熟的人格、心理测量量表,研究戒毒劳教人员的人格特征、心理卫生状况。方法对16～61岁的508名戒毒劳教人员(其中男性258人,女性250人)进行MMPI、SCL-90的测试。结果MMPI测试显示男性戒毒劳教人员Hs、Pd、Pa、Pt、Sc、Ma均高于临界值,以Hs和Pa为最高;女性Hs、Pd、Pt、Sc均高于临界值,以Hs和Pd为最高。SCL-90测试显示戒毒劳教人员在各因子分上均高于中国常模,女性甚于男性。结论戒毒劳教人员普遍存在个性特征异常和心理卫生问题,男性者个性特征异常更为突出,女性者心理卫生状况尤其值得关注。     

Review of point-of-reception mental health screening outcomes in an Australian Prison

The point-of-reception into prison is a critical juncture as it provides early opportunities to identify mental illness and initiate treatment. Although large numbers of mentally ill prisoners are received into prison each day, research investigating mental health screening outcomes at the point-of-reception is limited. This study aimed to address this gap by examining reception screening outcomes for all prisoners received into an Australian prison during 2009 (n?=?4229). Overall, 19% of all prisoners were mentally ill, and another 20% had a history of psychiatric illness that required ongoing care. Mentally ill prisoners had a higher risk of suicide or self-harm and required more observation than other prisoners. At reception, no mentally ill prisoners were transferred to the state’s forensic hospital and few were transferred to the prison’s mental health unit, or provided support service referrals. These findings highlight that outcomes made at the point-of-reception are heavily influenced by the availability of prison mental health resources.     

Evaluation of the improving access to psychological therapies for offenders programme at HMP Lincoln: a three year prospective cohort study

The mental health needs of prisoners are significant with a high incidence of common mental health problems including anxiety and depression. Extending national initiatives such as the National Health Service Improving Access of Psychological Therapies programme to people in prison offers a valuable opportunity to address these mental health problems and improve continuity of care from prison to the community. This study adopts an observational, prospective cohort design and evaluates an IAPT for offenders service over the first three years of operation within a male Category B prison holding remand/convicted prisoners. The evaluation found large effect sizes for changes in anxiety and depression with clinical recovery being achieved in 55% of depression and 52% of anxiety cases. On average, prisoners were treated in less than five sessions employing a low-intensity cognitive-behavioural approach. The lack of established formal diagnoses and a control group limits the findings.     

Actions taken in response to mental health screening at reception into prison

Screening for mental health problems on reception into custody has been criticised. However, there have been few studies on care pathways through custody as a result of screening identification. We aimed to identify what actions were taken as a result of screening positive for suicidal ideation and mental health problems. Case records for 2166 prisoners newly received into five prisons in England and documented contact with health care professionals in the following month were examined by hand over a four-month period. Altogether, 3% of prisoners were screened as having current suicidal ideas, of whom 30% had no contact with mental health services or risk assessment documentation. Another 21% of new receptions received psychotropic medication, for whom over 60% received no primary mental health assessment, and only 36% received psychotropic medication in prison. Care pathways need to be defined, and screening needs to be delivered as originally intended by initial screen for life-threatening matters, followed by a later, comprehensive assessment of health needs.     

Social support among releasing men prisoners with lifetime trauma experiences

High rates of lifetime trauma experiences exist among men incarcerated in US state and federal prisons. Because lifetime trauma experiences have been linked to problematic behavioral and psychiatric outcomes for incarcerated populations, trauma-informed interventions could improve post-release well-being of releasing men prisoners with trauma histories. Social support has consistently been found to have a positive impact on trauma-related outcomes in non-incarcerated populations. Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that social support may be an important intervention component for releasing men prisoners with trauma experiences; yet, the relationship between trauma experiences, psychiatric and behavioral factors, and social support has received almost no attention in research with men prisoners. Using a probability sample of 165 soon-to-be-released men, the present study examined differences in certain demographic, criminal justice history, mental health, substance abuse, and social support (type, quality, amount, and source) variables between releasing men prisoners with and without lifetime trauma experiences. Results indicate that men with trauma histories had more negative social support experiences and fewer positive social support resources before prison than their counterparts. Men with trauma histories also had more lifetime experiences with mental health and substance use problems. On further investigation of the subsample of men with trauma histories, those who were older, had substance use disorders, and histories of mental health problems anticipated fewer post-release social support resources. Study findings underscore the nuances of social support for men prisoners with trauma experiences and point to implications for future directions in targeted trauma-informed intervention development for releasing men prisoners.     

Prevalence of mental disorders and deliberate self-harm in Greek male prisoners

The aim of this survey was to determine the prevalence of current and lifetime mental disorder and deliberate self-harm among male prisoners in Greece. The subjects were 80 randomly selected remanded and sentenced prisoners in a Greek prison. They were assessed for mental disorder including suicidality and substance misuse using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). We also collected information regarding contact with psychiatric services, previous deliberate self-harm as well as physical health and conducted a brief assessment of their intellectual functioning. Mental disorder was diagnosed in 63 (78.7%) prisoners. The main diagnoses were: anxiety disorder, 30 (37.5%); major depression, 22 (27.5%); antisocial personality disorder, 30 (37.5%); alcohol dependence, 21 (26.3%) and opiate dependence 22 (27.5%) and schizophrenic or bipolar disorder 9 (11.2%). Deliberate self-harm prior to and during imprisonment was reported by 15% and 2.5% of prisoners, respectively, and 12 prisoners (15%) had IQ below 75. This survey identified a significant level of need for specialist mental health services in prison. Further studies are required to assess the specific needs of those patients who are too unwell to remain in prison, the need for specific treatments for substance misuse and improved assessment/treatment of common psychiatric disorders.     

An integrated exploration of factors associated with psychological distress among older prisoners

This paper compares the contributions of socio-demographic, health, mental health, social and environmental factors in explaining variations in psychological distress among older prisoners in two Australian states. One hundred and seventy-three prisoners (aged 50+ ) from 8 Australian prisons were interviewed using the Kessler Psychological Distress (K10) Scale. Three regression analyses were conducted to compare different models of 14 variables significantly associated with psychological distress. Independent variables most prominently associated with variations in psychological distress among older inmates were self-reported levels of social support, self-reported safety and ease of health care access. Difficulties in the built environment and mental health history were significantly explanatory of variations in older prisoner distress in two of the three models. The findings suggest that modifiable situational factors evident in current prison contexts are reasonably explanatory of variations in prisoner distress among older inmates.     

Brief mental health screening of prison entrants: psychiatric history versus symptom screening for the prediction of in-prison outcomes

While prisoners are known to suffer very high rates of mental illness, evidence is often lacking to inform the development of effective approaches to prison mental health service provision, including the approach to mental health screening. In addition, research to date has been dominated by prevalence studies and little is known about the mental health needs of prisoners over time. A random sample of prison entrants was recruited from a large remand and reception prison in New South Wales, Australia (n = 707) for the completion of a brief health survey. A second survey was completed during the subsequent six months (n = 317) in order to examine the effect of timing of assessment on mental health status. Those followed up within three months (n = 182) were further included in an analysis of predictive validity comparing the performance at baseline of self-reported history of previous diagnosis versus current symptom screening for psychological distress, in predicting subsequent mental illness. When assessed over six months from prison entry, mental health status was found to vary by timing of assessment. At prison entry, self-reported history of previous diagnosis of a mental health disorder was found to be a better predictor of mental illness over three months than screening for psychological distress.