法治与社会主义法治

社会主义法治是法治发展到现代以后产生的一种历史形态。它除了法治所具有的共性之外,还有着自己的定性特征,两者并不完全等同。     

依法治国与金融法改革

进人新世纪以来,我国在政治、经济、社会体制等方面的改革稳步推进,取得了卓有成效的长足进步。我国正处於社会转型阶段。面临转型期的复杂经济形势,必须牢固深化经济体制改革的决心,紧紧围绕使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用来推进改革,坚持和完善基本经济制度,加快完善现代市场体系、宏观调控体系、开放型经济体系。当中尤其要不断建立健全完善、成熟的现代金融体系和配套的法律规律体系,并紧跟互联网时代的技术发展做出适时调整。     

The Rule of Law and Equality

This paper describes and defends a novel and distinctively egalitarian conception of the rule of law. Official behavior is to be governed by preexisting, public rules that do not draw irrelevant distinctions between the subjects of law. If these demands are satisfied, a state achieves vertical equality between officials and ordinary people and horizontal legal equality among ordinary people.     

生态法治元论

迈向生态文明不仅是政策的主观选择,更是社会发展的客观必然。人与生境的现实紧张表现为错综复杂的社会关系,在空间性、时间性、主体间性、行为间性四个维度呈现出相互交织的矛盾样态。调整复杂的矛盾关系、建设生态文明,要求法治的因应变迁。生态法治相较于人本法治的质性迈进突出反映在作为法治基本范式的"权利"在内涵方面的拓展和外延方面的丰富。生态法治因之呈现出统筹性、前瞻性与科学性三个典型特性。在规约建构方面,生态法治要求完备性立法和多层次建制。在运行实施中,必须强力施治,反哺法律权威;创新机制,诱致自我实施,并通过伦理文化的辅助导正行为。     

法律信仰--法制的精神支柱

法律信仰在法治建设中具有重要的地位和作用,在某中程度上可以说起到关键的作用.然而当前在我国出现了空前严重的法律信仰危机.造成这种现象的原因是多方面的,既有历史代传统的原因,也有制度方面的原因,更有思想观念的影响.为了建设社会主义法治国家,我们必须采取措施来解决这个问题,否则,法治社会将无法形成.     

民法的基本精神与依法治国

民法作为市民社会的基本法,其基本观念是私权神圣。政府于行使公权力的过程中,秉持民法的私权观念尤为重要。本文首先论述了民法典的基本精神及现代依法治国思想的法理源流,最后阐明弘扬民法精神对于依法治国的重要意义。     

The Rule of Law and its Limits

Law and Philosophy -     

法治社会的“法”与“治”

“依法治国”,“法治”为其要义。近些年来,学界政界,对法治议论者甚多,其中不乏有胆有识之高论。但何谓法治之“法”,何谓法治之“治”,何“法”可用之于“治”,“法”与“治”关系如何,法治本质与特性如何,似鲜有平心静气、细致深入之论者。就此而言,此处严存生教授之文可谓棋高一筹,令人一新耳目。文中释论人之本性,法之明善及法之属性;治之自治与善治,治之于官而非民,治出于民及其属性等等,均有学理说服与发微启迪之长。推呈学界,或能复引精粹之玉。不仅如此,意味更为深长者,“依法治国”之“法治”,究竟寓意何在?其与“法制”究竟有何不同?前者一定是观念上的进步,抑或传统“治”国之策的另一种表达?     

The Rule of Law and Jury Nullification

Jury nullification occurs when a jury renders a verdict based on what it feels the law ought to demand, as opposed to what the law in fact demands. While it is beyond doubt that criminal juries in common law jurisdictions have the ability to so act without fear of legal censure or redress, it remains a highly contentious issue as to whether such juries ought to be informed of this ability. One of the main objections to informing jurors of their purview to nullify is that, in so acting, the rule of law is subverted. Thus, while jurors might have the ability to so act, they ought to be discouraged from doing so. This ability, in other words, must be hidden from them – a subterfuge justified by reference to the rule of law. In this paper I closely examine the rule of law objection and conclude that the conflicts between jury nullification and the rule of law are greatly exaggerated. In fact, in many respects jury nullification promotes the very same ends and goals as does the rule of law. Hence, I conclude, if there is a reason to withhold from the jury any knowledge of jury nullification, such a reason cannot be grounded on considerations of the rule of law.     

The Rule of Law and EU Expansion

The article seeks to further discussion about the European Union's identification of the rule of law as a fundamental principle and pre-requisite for EU membership by prospective member states, despite the lack of a uniform Community-wide understanding of this concept. In this article, three points will be explored. Firstly, it will briefly examine the rule of law principle within the EU, as a contested concept, despite its pre-eminence as a fundamental principle upon which EU membership is based. Because of its contested nature, there exists across the EU, conceptual variations, leading to the problem of an apparent absence of a uniform conception of the rule of law. Secondly, the article will identify some of the main conflicts between the EU making this rule of law a pre-requisite for membership and the lack of a uniform conception for this fundamental principle. Thirdly, the article explores how these conflicts affect the development of legal cultures of prospective member states and what potential problems these conflicts imply. The article focuses on the European Union's lack of a uniform understanding of the rule of law and how this affects prospective member states from Central and Eastern Europe. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Rule of Law and Its Predicament

Abstract.  The purpose of this paper is to assess the validity of the Razian conception of the rule of law by subjecting it to the acid test of Michel Troper's "realist theory of interpretation." The author argues that, in light of the Wittgensteinian view of rule-following, a serious indeterminacy can be seen as inherent in both this conception of the rule of law and Troper's theory of interpretation.     

德治与法治简论

道德与法律同为上层建筑 ,虽范畴不同 ,但相辅相成 ,联系紧密。道德是法律的基础 ,法律是道德的具体化。人类历史发展的经验证明 ,在国家治理过程中 ,必须德治与法治交相为用 ,相互补充、相互促进 ;并做到法制建设与道德建设并重、法制教育与道德教育并重。     

论法治的不可能性

一、导言法治只是一种理想,它从未被哪个社会完全实现过。法治的首要条件是政府官员遵守法律,但官员们可能并不这般行事,而在大型社会中,情况或许还要糟糕。由于官员们都程度不一地背离法律,社会就难以实现法治这一目标。也许压根就没有哪个社会曾非常逼近过这一目标。因为人们并不总是遵守规则。我将论证这就是法治难以实现的惟一原由。这种主张看起来和法的模糊性看法相抵牾,因为在某种程度上,模糊性必然会导致专制统治。如果专制统治因为法的模糊性而变得不可避免,那么法治的理想在一定程度上也就变得不可企及———而不是因为不忠实于法…     

The Rule of Law and Authoritarian Rule: Legal Politics in Sudan

Mark Fathi, Massoud . 2013 . Law's Fragile State: Colonial, Authoritarian, and Humanitarian Legacies in Sudan . Cambridge University Press. Pp. xxii + 265. $109.99 cloth, $34.99 paper. Does the rule of law guarantee peace and democracy, as so many people in the development and governance field believe? What are the historical and sociocultural conditions that shape the way rule of law mechanisms work in practice? Mark Massoud's monograph tracing the changing dimensions of the rule of law in Sudan from its colonial period to the present offers an important perspective on these questions, casting doubt on the simple argument that the rule of law produces democracy and peace. Instead, he shows how colonial and authoritarian rulers used the rule of law to consolidate power and legitimate their rule. In Law's Fragile State: Colonial, Authoritarian, and Humanitarian Legacies in Sudan, Massoud develops the concept of legal politics, arguing that the way the rule of law works varies with the political system in which it is embedded. He concludes that the forms of legal politics that reinforce the power and authority of legal institutions are more likely to sustain an authoritarian state than to bring democratic rule. His analysis is a valuable caution to those who promote the rule of law as the salvation for all. Taking a sociolegal perspective, he shows how it works in practice.     

论法治与德治的相辅相成

本文认为当我们认识到法治的重要性的时候 ,不能片面地认为法律本身是万能的 ,也要注意加强德治建设 ,以达到法治与德治相辅相成、互相促进的目标。     

论作为法律之德的法治——基于塔马纳哈"薄的法治"概念所作的分析

法治的目的在于实现社会治理,人类社会的法治必有一个"重叠共识的中心",这个中心就是"作为法律之德的法治".这是一个"薄的法治"概念,利用它,我们可以明确法治的核心要素和基本难题;有了它,我们可以看到法治与各种社会理想、不同文化传统、多元价值目标兼容的复杂关系和各种可能的方案.上述二者都是当代世界,包括中国法治最为关键性的问题.本文采取一种以全球化视野对法治概念进行思考的方式,目的在于澄清法治问题之所在,其终极关怀在于推进中国的法治建设.