公共役权的概念和性质

公共役权，是公益事业、国家或公众取得一种要求相关不动产所有权人或使用权人承受某种负担的权利。公共役权调整国家和不特定公众与不动产权利人之间的权利义务关系。     

The role of race/ethnicity and race relations on public opinion related to the immigration and crime link

This article examines two hypotheses related to public opinion concerning immigration and crime. Using data from a recent Gallup poll with oversamples of Hispanics and Blacks, the research examined whether race/ethnicity and race relations matter in the public's opinion of the connection between immigration and crime. After a series of models were performed, results of the final model revealed that race relations, gender (specifically, being male), race/ethnicity, and immigrant status are influential in contextualizing public opinion on the topic. The meaning and policy implications of these findings are also reviewed.     

公共卫生框架下的卫生监督及其法制工作内涵简

卫生监督工作是公共卫生事业的一个组成部分,在实现公共卫生目标的同时,应当具备＂自我进化＂的能力。这种能力是公共卫生事业不断向高水平发展的重要因素,其动力来源在很大程度上依赖于卫生监督法制工作在正确的方向上有效运转。传统视角下对卫生监督法制工作内涵的解读有其局限性,本文在把握卫生监督与公共卫生之间的关系,以及重述、分析卫生监督过程的基础上,从解读立法、审视立法、反馈立法三个新的视角尝试探讨卫生监督法制工作的内涵。     

The future of public health law

Developments in medicine and constitutional law dictate modification of public health legislation in the United States. Traditionally overlooked by legislators, present public health laws provide inadequate decision-making criteria and inappropriate procedures for dealing with issues. Revised legislation should provide health care officials and agencies with the tools to balance individual rights against public health necessities. This Article makes four recommendations for legislative reform: (1) remove artificial legislative distinction between venereal and other communicable diseases; (2) provide criteria defining "public health necessity" to limit discretionary exercise of police power by health officials; (3) provide strong confidentiality protections in the collection and storage of public health information; (4) empower public health officials to select from a graded series of less restrictive alternatives in dealing with public health problems.     

The impact of public policy and publicity on admissions to state mental health hospitals

This paper examines the impact of broadened Washington state civil commitment standards on utilization of the state's mental hospitals. Included in the analysis is an assessment of the impact of a public event (a well-publicized murder case) which was in all likelihood a precursor to the law's revision. We also examine the different ways Washington's two state hospitals managed the dramatic increase in civilly committed patients that occurred after the revision took effect. The findings indicate that the murder case, in which the defendant had been denied voluntary admission to a state hospital prior to the killing, resulted in an increase in involuntary admissions in the county where it occurred a full year before the standards were revised. The law itself had the effect of increasing commitments throughout the state, reducing the levels of voluntary admissions, and increasing the likelihood of involuntary admission for individuals previously admitted voluntarily, thus transforming a principally voluntary system into one which was primarily involuntary. Finally, it was found that the increased demand for services mandated by the broadened commitment standards was managed differently in the two state hospitals: one imposed a cap on admissions; the other phased out voluntary admissions at a rate roughly equal to the increase in commitments. These findings illustrate both the substantive impact of broadened civil commitment law and the importance, when assessing the impact of laws, of examining public events and administrative interventions which may have significant causal links with legal interventions.     

当代公务员制度创新的发展趋势及其启示

随着信息化与全球化时代的到来,西方各国对韦伯官僚体制以及传统公务员制度普遍感到不满,为了应对新的行政生态环境的挑战及各种批评与诘难,西方主要国家对公务员制度进行了一系列创新活动。经过多年的创新实践,西方公务员制度创新呈现出一些明显的发展趋势,这些发展趋势对我国公务员制度创新路径选择与发展方向具有重要的参考价值与启示作用。     

论行政合同特权基本制控理念——权力保留

契约行政条件下,部分行政职权以合同权利的形式实现既定权能;其余则以法定或约定形式设为合同权利的"例外"——行政合同特权。行政合同特权是以行政职权为发生基础的权力契约化形态转换,同时亦为契约行政架构内权力因素的集中体现。对契约伦理及其逻辑准则的承认与接纳,形成此类特权的权力保留品格特征。行政合同特权制控体系的构筑应以权力保留理念为核心指导。     

Concussions and youth football: using a public health law framework to head off a potential public health crisis

Concussion from sport is increasingly recognized as a public health priority. In response, all states and the District of Columbia have enacted youth concussion legislation. This paper first examines key developments in concussion-related policy and legislation and then uses the findings from recent scientific studies to highlight the need to incorporate evolving scientific evidence into concussion legislation in order to better protect youth and adolescent athletes. Next, the paper discusses the framework of empirical health law research and why it should be applied in the case of concussion legislation. Finally, this paper argues that empirical health law research should be considered in any decision about whether legislation can help improve the health and safety of young players, a particularly vulnerable population whose unique needs have not yet been adequately addressed.     

单核苷酸多态性及其在法医学中的应用前景

单核苷酸多态性是人类基因组中最常见、分布最广泛的DNA多态性类型。随着人类基因组计划的迅猛发展,已有越来越多的单核苷酸多态性位点被发现,使其可以广泛应用于人类遗传性和遗传相关性疾病的诊断、群体遗传学的研究、药物的开发及应用等方面,同样在法医学也具有广阔的应用前景。本文综合介绍了单核苷酸多态性的一般特性及法医学应用前景,包括其应用的可行性、存在的问题及高通量自动化的检测方法。     

健康的体魄是公务员高效执政的保障——注重公务员的健康教育

公务员的身体健康状况如何与工作能力密切相关。本文分析了公务员身体健康现状及其形成的主要原因,提出了公务员的健康教育设想。