我国公务员制度创新的条件及其策略分析

虽然我国公务员制度创新受到诸如低度的社会分化、制度的不健全以及传统思想桎梏等因素的制约,但另一方面,我国更面临着诸如政局稳定、经济发展、可借鉴西方公务员制度创新的成功经验等一系列有利的国内与国际条件,因此从总体而言我国公务员制度创新具有良好的发展前景。同时,我国公务员制度创新应在总结借鉴西方公务员制度创新经验的基础上,并结合我国公务员制度创新的行政生态特征及其规律,选择适当的策略。     

当代西方公务员管理运行机制的改革趋向

近年来,西方国家对公务员制度进行了较大的改革,对公务员管理基本制度和管理体制改革有较大的国别差异,但对公务员管理运行机制的改革却有较多的共性。本文归纳和总结了西方公务员管理运行机制改革的五大趋向,以及相应的对公务员管理具体制度的改革。     

浅析中国公务员制度及其改革

本文简要的论述了国家公务员的意义与我国公务员制度的建立，根据我国现行的公务员体制所存在的问题，并在此基础上同西方发达国家的公务员制度进行了对比，由此对我国的公务员制度提出了相关的改革建议。     

西方国家公务员培训制度对我国的借鉴意义

本文在对西方主要发达国家公务员培训制度进行分析比较的基础上,总结了西方国家公务员培训制度的特点和先进经验。作者认为针对我国目前公务员培训的现状和存在的问题,应该借鉴国外先进经验,尽快建立、健全我国公务员培训制度,并提出了相应措施。     

中西公务员分类管理制度比较

公务员制度是一项重要的政府人事管理制度,公务员分类管理制度的科学完善有利于提高行政公务人员的素质和政府工作效率。本文通过将中西方两种不同的公务员分类管理制度进行对比,分析西方公务员分类制度对于我国公务员分类制度完善的启示,更有利于结合中国现实国情建设有中国特色的公务员制度,从而进行有选择的吸收,避免全盘西化,相信这样的对比对于完善我国公务员制度有着非常大的帮助。     

西方各国公务员管理机构的特点

建立国家公务员管理机构对公务员进行有效的管理是国家公务员制度的重要内容。本文拟通过分析西方各国公务员管理机构的特点,为建立我国的公务员管理机构提供借鉴。一、公务员管理机构是公务员制度的重要组成部分一般认为,现代公务员制度产生的两大标志是政务官与事务官的区分和竞争择优原则的确立。因此,十九世纪中叶的英国吏治改革被称为是现代公务员制度的发端。一八五五年,     

试论新时代背景下的公务员能力建设

在加强党的执政能力建设和构建社会主义和谐社会的新背景下,公务员能力建设问题日益凸现时代紧迫性和战略重要性。根据我国公务员队伍的现状和公共行政改革的发展趋势,有必要对能力建设进行相关的机制创新和制度探讨。     

国外行政惩戒制度简介

为了有效地管理、约束国家公务员的行为，保障行政效率，世界各国都把对公务员的惩戒工作作为公务员管理的重要组成部分。尤其是西方发达国家，为了达到制止和预防公务员违纪违法的目的，都建立了一些比较完备的公务员惩戒制度。现将西方发达国家的公务员行政惩戒制度作一简单介绍：一、行政惩戒立法概况依据法律、法规，惩戒公务员是公务员制度中的重要组成部分。从目前了解的资料看，大多数西方国家都对公务员或文官行政惩戒作出了比较具体的规定，这些法律法规奠定了各国公务员惩戒制度的基础。英美等国家过去长期实行恩赐官职的政治制度…     

公务员制度在我国的“本土化”

公务员（文官）制度原 本是适应资本主义政治经 济状况而在资本主义社会 产生并一步步发展起来 的，它作为上层建筑的一 部分与一国的政治经济状 况密不可分。除了作为公 务员制度发端的英国之 外，其它国家在建立公务 员制度的过程中都有一个 对这一制度的“本土化”过 程。我国的公务员制度是 在借鉴西方公务员（文官） 制度的基础上建立起来 的，当然也不能例外。而 且，一我国是社会主义国家， 同西方国家的社会政治经 济文化背景相差甚远，这 样，我国对公务员制度的 “本土化”将比西方国家经 历更长的时间。公务员制 度在我国的本土…     

对我国国家公务员制度实施过程中几个问题的思考

在我国国家公务员制度的实施过程中,公务员制度的法制化建设、公务员的范围(外延)、公务员的分类等几个问题,导致了具体实施过程中国家公务员制度不同程度地存在功能的失调、错位以及制度实践与制度设计原初目的相背离。重新审视《国家公务员暂行条例》,进一步探讨这几个问题,对完善公务员制度、加入WTO后中国公务员制度的创新,都十分必要和紧迫。     

Technology transfer perspectives in globalising India (drugs and pharmaceuticals and biotechnology)

The paper briefly outlines the status of technology transfer related issues in drugs & pharma and biotechnology sectors in India. The paper also outlines the contemporary business strategies including R&D and technology transfer models. The study indicates that present technology transfer policies and mechanisms are weak and need to be restructured. The current fiscal incentives and tax concessions etc. available for R&D in industry seem to have outlived and are no longer attractive because of continuous lowering of tariff rates and tax rates in the context of WTO and liberalization of policies. Moreover, the issue of R&D support to industry is not covered in the WTO as in case of subsidies. Therefore, it is advisable for the government to revisit the existing promotional measures for R&D. FDI policies also need to be tailored to encourage Technology transfers and capability building. Recommendations are made for making Technology Transfer more effective for the growth and competitiveness of the industry. A technology transfer management model is suggested.      

Performance of the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) in China: Achievements and Challenges as Seen by the Chinese

This paper discusses the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and its achievements and challenges in China, the country obtaining most GEF support. This paper relies on Chinese perceptions, and less on views from the implementing agencies (IAs), the World Bank, UNDP and UNEP. Most attention is given to climate change and biodiversity. The paper asks what has been achieved; how effective has the GEF been? The study concludes that GEF funding has been important for China’s environmental problems. GEF and its IAs have contributed to raised awareness and technology development and have boosted institutional capacity through participation in project activities and training. The main emphasis has been placed on climate change projects and less on biodiversity. Much has been achieved by the GEF in China, but challenges exist. At the international level, the interests and roles of the GEF system, its IAs and recipient countries are not always compatible. GEF projects may suffer as a consequence. Another challenge relates to the seeming difference in effectiveness between World Bank projects and projects of the other IAs. Domestic challenges concern turf battles, problems related to information sharing, and different priorities among actors. The various government institutions’ reluctance to co-operate impacts significantly on the performance of GEF projects in China. The IAs should insist on smoother collaboration, and force the institutions to work together. Moreover, severe problems are apparent regarding financing as well as application procedures. Improvements are under way regarding the GEF application procedures. This will have a limited impact unless the Chinese side simplifies and improves procedures.     

Best practices for structuring a family court parenting plan evaluation under the 2022 AFCC Guidelines

Evaluation appointment orders provide enforceable scaffolding for conduct of family court parenting plan evaluations, and use of the evaluator's reports, feedback, file, and testimony. Unlike a contract, a stipulated or adjudicated appointment order is directly enforceable by the family court. It unambiguously positions the evaluator as the family court's appointee – answerable directly to the court and, in some jurisdictions, protected by quasi-judicial immunity from damages claims. A well-crafted appointment order governs the roles and expectations of the court, the evaluator, the parties, the lawyers, and the collateral witnesses. An appointment order mandates the legal duties, rights, powers, and responsibilities of the professionals, the parties, and the collateral witnesses. At minimum, an appointment order articulates the legal basis for the appointment, the purpose and scope of the evaluation, compensation of evaluator, and the duty of the parties to participate in the process. A written evaluation protocol or procedures statement discloses in advance the methods of investigation and assessment that the evaluator intends to use. Together, the appointment order and written protocol help the evaluator, lawyers, parents, and judge manage the complexity of the evaluation process.     

What drones inherit from their ancestors

Any specific technology derives attributes from the generic technologies of which it is an instance. A drone is a flying computer. It is dependent on local data communications from its onboard sensors and to its onboard effectors, and on telecommunications links over which it receives data-feeds and command-feeds from terrestrial and perhaps airborne sources and from satellites. A drone acts on the world, and is therefore a robot. The remote pilots, and the operators of drone facilities such as cameras, depend on high-tech tools that interpret data that display transmitted, enhanced and generated image and video, and that enable the composition of commands. So drone operators are already cyborgs. Many drones carry cameras and are used for surveillance. Computing, data communications, robotics, cyborgisation and surveillance offer power and possibilities, but with them come disbenefits and risks. Critical literatures exist in relation to all of those areas. An inspection of those literatures should provide insights into the limitations of drones, and the impacts and implications arising from their use.     

Competing Knowledge Systems in the Management of Fish and Forests in the Pacific Northwest

In this paper I investigate the interaction of knowledge and institutions in the context of First Nations in the Pacific Northwest of Canada who have evolved management systems for fish and forest resources over hundreds of years. These management systems are viewed as institutions that are based on and apply knowledge systems over time. In the Nisga'a and Haida nations, knowledge systems guide management regimes that govern access, rights and responsibilities, harvesting, allocation of benefits and costs, technology, education and training. For the past hundred years these institutions and knowledge systems have come into conflict with knowledge and management systems imposed first by missionaries, settlers and colonizers and later from Provincial and National governments and corporations holding tenure rights assigned by those governments. National and international regimes such as the Law of the Seas and the Exclusive Economic Zones conflict with traditional institutions and knowledge systems by privileging one level of governance and consequently one form of knowledge and devaluing others. The paper is based on research conducted in the Pacific Northwest over the past eight years, primarily through interviews with elders, decision-makers, and resource users, as well as observation of cultural and resource practices. The research investigated the impacts of conflicting knowledge systems and the attempts to resolve those conflicts. The paper raises questions about knowledge systems and institutions, about institutional interplay, and the impact of international institutions on local institutions as they come into contact and conflict.     

基于固定参数的汽车与行人碰撞计算机模拟实验

目的选定固定参数进行计算机模拟碰撞实验．分析不同车型、碰撞车速以及碰撞接触位置对事故过程及人体损伤情况的影响。方法基于多刚体动力学方法建立汽车（大客车、小客车、小轿车和货车）和人体模型,并按照不同碰撞车速（20、30、40、50和60km／h）和不同碰撞接触位置（行人正前方、侧方和正后方）进行模拟碰撞．分析碰撞运动过程以及生物力学响应情况（头部、颈部及下肢）。结果碰撞车型和碰撞接触位置一致的情况下碰撞过程相似（碰撞车速≤60km／h）．头部加速度、上颈部轴向受力以及下肢轴向受力呈现一定的生物力学响应规律。结论基于多刚体动力学方法的模拟碰撞技术研究可再现事故过程中人体的生物力学响应规律。     

Settlement of refugee women and children following the Second World War: challenges to the family

Abstract

Following the Second World War, refugees that were displaced as a result of conflict became a global concern. Many of these displaced persons were resettled under the auspices of the International Refugee Organization. Large numbers of European displaced persons settled in Australia, with significant numbers living in Queensland. The wartime and migration experiences of refugees have the potential to influence settlement experiences, and for displaced persons who settled in Queensland, these prior experiences continued to resonate within the family throughout the settlement process. Many refugee children became separated from their families, and while some were reunited, the process was lengthy and not without its difficulties. The effect of separation and loss experienced by these families dominated the post-war experience. It presented challenges to mothers, children and families as they negotiated the uncertainty of displacement and the potential for resettlement, and affected their approaches to separation and reunification. The separation and reunification of children and families played a significant role in the settlement process, influencing interactions with Australian organisations and the development of familial and social network connections during settlement. The legacy of conflict and separation continued to resonate within families and influenced perspectives of the ongoing settlement process for child refugees.     

甲基苯丙胺在豚鼠毛发中分布及转化的初步研究

目的对甲基苯丙胺在豚鼠毛发中分布及转化机制进行初步研究。方法利用GC/MS,GC/NPD法,测定单次及多次给药豚鼠毛发中MAP、AP的含量变化过程,考察给药剂量与毛发中MAP、AP的含量间的关系,并研究毛发颜色对染毒豚鼠毛发中MAP、AP含量的影响。结果单次及多次给药豚鼠毛发中代谢产物AP均高于原体MAP,给药时间及给药剂量与毛发中MAP、AP的含量显著相关,同体豚鼠黑色毛发中的MAP、AP含量均明显高于棕色、白色毛发。结论给药方式、给药剂量及毛发颜色对豚鼠毛发中MAP、AP的含量均有显著影响。     

Dysphoria and Hopelessness Following Battering: The Role of Perceived Control, Coping, and Self-Esteem

Coping, perceived control, dysphoria, hopelessness, and self-esteem in a sample of 100 battered women were assessed. Participants reported dysphoria and low self-esteem, but not hopelessness. High perceived control over current abuse and greater use of drugs, behavioral disengagement, denial, and self-blame as coping mechanisms were associated with increased dysphoria and low self-esteem. High expectations for control over future abuse were associated with decreased dysphoria and hopelessness and increased self-esteem. After controlling for the effects of abuse severity and low self-esteem, self-blame was a unique contributor to dysphoria and high expectations for control of future abuse were unique contributors to hopelessness. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for clinical intervention with battered women.