从社民党到民左联党:波兰左翼政治力量演变的基本轨迹

在剧变后波兰左翼阵营中,由原统一工人党演变而来的社民党占据着特别重要的地位,发挥了中坚作用。以社民党为核心的民左联不仅顶住了来自右翼的打压,而且赢得了总统和议会大选的全面胜利,波兰因此成为东欧地区“左翼复兴”的领头羊。1999年,民左联党的建立是波兰左翼政治力量发展的重要里程碑。然而,新的统一政党的成立实际上具有双重效应,在壮大左翼整体力量的同时,又对左翼未来的发展产生了一定的负面影响。从社民党到民左联党及其后的演变,实际上勾勒出波兰左翼政治力量发展的基本轨迹。     

Regional councils of governments at the crossroads: implications for intergovernmental management and networks

Councils of governments (COGS) have been subjected to powerful forces of change in the 1980s, due principally to drastic reductions in federal financial support. To survive, the councils have had to become more entrepreneural, to extend themselves in new directions They have scanned their local and regional task environments intensively for opportunities to form and/or join new networks and to provide more services in traditional and in new areas. The new style of council is described in this paper, using a market model. The model emphasizes opportunistic scanning of the regional task environment, and the assessment of issue networks as an iterative process in COG direction setting and implementation efforts.     

Japan's central administration at the crossroads: increasing public demand for deregulation,decentralization and de-bureaucratization

The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)singlehandedly governed Japan for over thirty eight years until June 1993. Under the semipermanent conservative governance, central agencies have assumed a major role in making Japanese big businesses expand and become one of the leading players in the international economy. Nonetheless, many Japanese doubt the role and function of Japan's central administration. They believe that the central government has been excessively involved in economic affairs. For them, governmental meddling in private business is detrimental to the health of Japanese society. Reflecting these public outcries, the government finally enacted an important law, The Law for the Promotion of Decentralization, on May 15, 1995. While much still remains to be clear, this may become a significant threshold for Japan's administrative reform. It may perhaps help introduce a new paradigm to Japan's producer oriented social environment.     

Islam and Toleration: Studying the Ottoman Imperial Model

This article explores the relationship between religion and politics in the context of the recent debates on Islam and religious fundamentalism. I argue that too much attention is paid to the theological issues of Islam, and that we should rather focus on the historical conditions that tend to produce religious tolerance or intolerance. I use the Ottoman Empire as an example of a polity that succeeded in maintaining religious and ethnic toleration for the tremendous diversity it encountered within its frontiers. I analyze the specific relationship between the Ottoman state and Islam, the subordination of religion to the state, the dual role of religion as an institution and a system of beliefs as well as the intricacies of the millet system. I conclude that the particular relationship that was forged between religion and politics during the first four centuries of the empire promoted religious openness and toleration.     

让美丽三亚放飞世界——"世界海南青少年冬令营"赠书活动的启示

加强文化建设,提高三亚文化软实力,不仅有利于增强三亚市民和国外华侨、华人的凝聚力和创造力,也有利于国外投资者与三亚在旅游经济的交流中开展合作,进而不断增强三亚区域的竞争力、吸引力,推动三亚走向世界.     

Paths of Globalization: From the Berbers to Bach

Globalization has indeed flattened the earth, paving the way for new beginnings and the resurgence of old cultures alike by levelling the playing field for all comers. While this new era of post‐globalization certainly heralds de‐Westernization by century's end, is it more likely to mean a revival of the old ways of the East or the new hybrid ways of the first global civilization? Some of Asia's most provocative voices, as well as the world's most renowned cellist and cross‐pollinating musician, offer their views.     

相互学习借鉴共同应对挑战——在中欧政党高层论坛上的致辞

(2010年5月25日)尊敬的女士们、先生们:晚上好!中欧政党高层论坛圆满结束。与会代表围绕共同关心的重大问题,坦诚交流、深入探讨,增进了了解和互信,形成了许多重要共识。我谨代表我们党对本次论坛的成功举办表示热烈的祝贺!     

Perceptions of foreign threats to the regime: From Lenin to Putin

During his second term, Putin's foreign policy was strongly influenced by the belief that the West's hostility could help the opposition change the current regime, as the West had done in Ukraine and Georgia. A regime change would deprive the ruling elite, mostly people from the security police and army, of their power and illegally acquired wealth. Moscow restored, in early 2000, the ideology of Russia's “encirclement” from the 1920s, which suggested that the country was surrounded by enemies in order to legitimize the regime. At the same time, as in the past, Moscow tried to punish the Western governments for their disrespect for the regime with an aggressive and uncooperative foreign policy.