Assessing Climate Change: International Co-operation and Predictions of Environmental Change

Past scientific assessments of global climate change impacts have tended to give us information on global impacts. But scientists have been refining their predictions down to regional, national and local levels. Improved understanding of climate change impacts, and particularly more specific information on which countries are most vulnerable, will affect international co-operation. Presumably, countries that are most vulnerable to climate change will be more likely to join international efforts to address climate change. At least that is what one could logically hypothesise. Questions addressed include: Does 'vulnerability' to climate change matter for international co-operation? What might be the political impact of improved understanding of the effects of climate change on international environmental co-operation?     

单位制变迁与政府职能转变研究

单位制在计划经济时代具有不可替代的作用,是政府进行社会管理的微观缩影。然而,随着市场经济的兴起,单位制的弊端日益凸显。为适应现实经济社会的发展,单位制逐渐向社区制方向转变。通过厘清单位与政府的关系,并剖析单位功能与政府职能的内在相关性,探析出单位制变迁对明确政府角色、调整政企关系与政社关系等具有的积极影响,是我国政府职能转变的重要变量。     

Change and Decay

Books reviewed:
Tivey, Leonard (edited by Robert Hazell). Constitutional Futures: A History of the Next Ten Years
Seyd, Ben (edited by Robert Blackburn and Raymond Plant). The Politics of the British Constitution; Constitutional Reform: The Labour Government's Constitutional Reform Agenda
Klein, Rudolf (Bill Jordan). The New Politics of Welfare
O'Brien, David (edited by Dick Leonard). Crosland and New Labour
Parker, Noel (Maurice Keens-Soper). Europe in the World: The Persistence of Power Politics
Arnsel, Anja (Peter Gay). My German Question
Archard, David (edited by Richard Bellamy and Martin Hollis). Pluralism and Liberal Neutrality
Vosper, Susan Saunders (Robert Service). A History of Twentieth-century Russia
Garnett, Mark (Luisa Passerini). Europe in Love, Love in Europe: Imagination and Politics in Britain between the Wars
Jenkinson, Sally L (Bruce Hoffman). Inside Terrorism     

地方政府职能转变的困局:一个强制性制度变迁的视角

政府职能转变合约的实施缺乏第三方承担,在第二方承担也缺乏力度的情况下,这个合约的实施主要依靠第一方--政府承担.转变政府职能实际上是中央政府主导的强制性制度变迁,制度接受者和制度决定者之间存在不同的效用函数,所以政府职能新制度无法通过行为自律在地方政府中得到充分实施;同时,中央政府作为第一方内部另一个主体,对地方政府职能转变的监管力度不够.这样,地方政府职能难以转变成为必然.     

Ideas and Policy Change

Peter Hall's 1993 article came at the same time as a parallel body of literature was developing, some building explicitly, some only implicitly, on similar ideas. I review some literature on policy communities, ideas, and the nature of policy change before exploring the statistical distribution of budget changes at three levels of aggregation. The similarity of these results suggests that a single process may be at work rather than different processes for first‐, second‐, and third‐order change, as Hall's original formulation has it. As Hall suggests, these processes typically generate only marginal adjustments but occasionally create fundamental change. The degree of discredit to the status quo may be an important unexplored variable in explaining the ability of policy reformers to enact marginal, substantial, or fundamental policy changes. In sum, this article shows the similarities and mutual value of Hall's approach with others that would appear to be starkly contrasting.     

论跟进式制度变迁

跟进式制度变迁是介于供给主导性制度变迁和需求主导性制度变迁之间的一种变迁方式。本对跟进式制度变迁的概念、性质、运行规律和跟进制度的本地化等问题，进行了初步分析。     

Enabling Middle Managers as Change Agents: Why Organisational Support Needs to Change

Change efforts frequently fail to achieve their desired outcome with failure often attributed to employee resistance to change. Literature on resistance indicates it can emerge from ineffective change management. This article argues that change management could be improved through middle managers actively undertaking a change intermediary role, thereby enabling employees to make sense of, and reframe, the change. Qualitative data is used to explore the extent to which middle managers had the capacity and support necessary to effectively implement change. The article concludes by proposing that managers who are actively engaged change agents, who frame and make sense of the change with employees, can reduce resistance. However, for this to be realised, organisations need to actively support the systematic development of middle management change management capabilities.     

北京市城乡社会家庭婚姻制度的变迁

本文以大量丰富和翔实的数据与资料,详细地描述和解释了在工业化、城市化进程和计划生育政策的共同推进下,北京市的家庭结构和婚姻制度在近年来的巨大变化,以及与中国其他大城市和经济发达地区相比较后所呈现的特点,同时分析了家庭婚姻制度变化可能或已经给北京的城市生活带来的各种影响.     

环境变化与管理创新

环境是存在于主体周围的外部因素。就企业这个主体来说,环境是广义的,它包括政治、经济、科技、文化、人口和自然资源等诸多内容。环境是企业的不可控变量。企业只有通过管理不断地调整自己,才能适应不断变化的环境。     

Value Conflict and Policy Change

The analysis of policy change has produced a number of contrasting theoretical approaches, each offering a lens through which to view policy phenomena. This article suggests that the existing menu of approaches for understanding change can be usefully complemented by an understanding of the role played by value conflict. Using institutionalist analysis, I argue that the need to make value‐choices in a nondisruptive way shapes large areas of government activity, particularly in Westminster systems, and explains many observed patterns of stability and change. Building on work by Thacher and Rein, I describe and characterize six types of response to value conflict, giving examples of the role and implications of each. It is not claimed that all policy change can be understood in this way—simply that some types of change reflect the value‐based nature of public policy itself, and the fact that political and bureaucratic systems must evolve mechanisms for dealing simultaneously with thousands of competing and conflicting policy values.