ABSTRACTS

China and Africa： An Initial Analysis of the Involvement of China＇s State-owned Enterprises in the Construction of the Three Grand Networks in Africa
Zhi Yuchen
China＇s cooperation with Africa in constructing the three grand networks in Africa not only reflects China＇s economic and trade policies towards Africa, but also meets the needs of the social and economic development in Africa. The active participation of the Chinese state-owned enterprises in such projects on the bases of their advantages not only imply their needs of internationalization, but also facilitates the state-owned capital to make contributions to China＇s external economic and trade strategy. This paper, based on the facts of China＇s investment and achievements in the construction of communication infrastructure in Africa as well as the reality of African planning and construction of communication networks, has meticulously analyzed the major concerns of the five sub-regions in Africa and talked about the significance of Chinese stateowned enterprises＇ participation in the construction of the three grand networks in Africa as well as the governing principles and possible routes.     

The Role of FOCAC in the Development of Africa

China-Africa cooperation in the modern time started after the inauguration of China-Africa relations in 1956. At that time, the focus of cooperation was in the political area, with China supporting the movement of national independence of Africa and Africa supporting China＇s cause of unification. From 1978 to 1999, with great changes in both China and Africa, China-Africa cooperation entered the second phase. China had begun to implement the policy of reform and opening up, and African countries had moved from seeking national independence to developing national economy.     

The international community should do more to help Africa

Cooperation with Africa under the background of globalization is an important but also interesting topic. Globalization is changing the world,including Africa and international relations as well. Against such a background, it is meaningful to discuss how to strengthen, the cooperation between the international community and Africa.     

China-Europe Cooperation for the Development of Africa：Concepts and Policies

In recent years, the growth of China＇s economy and the elevation of China-Africa relations have caused complex changes in China＇s relations with the outside world. The rapid development of China-Africa relations is a showcase for the development process of Asia and Africa, through which we can see that both Asia and Africa are revitalizing and a new world is taking shape     

Seeking Common Ground and Synergy for the Development of Africa

At present, Africa＇s political, economic, and social development has entered new historical stage. The integration process is pressing ahead steadily and the international influence of Africa is gradually increasing. The international community is paying unprecedented attention to Africa and cooperation with Africa has become an important topic in international relations.     

China is the Light and Hope for New Africa

正Friendship between China and Africa started slowly after a general meeting between Africa and Asia,the conference of Bun dung in 1955.Egypt was the first African country to have diplomatic relations with China in 1956,and later at the beginning of1960 the ten African countries followed.At the end of the 1970s a total of 44 countries out of 50 that were free also joined in diplomatic relations with     

Building a Cooperation Platform,Seeking Future-Oriented Development

On April 28-29, 2008, the ＂International Conference on Cooperation with Africa in the Context of Globalization＂ cosponsored by CAFIU and Friedrich-Ebert Foundation（FES） was held in Beijing. Nearly 100 experts, scholars and business people from China, Africa and Europe participated in the conference. Foreign participants mainly came from Angola, South Africa, Kenya, Congo, Tanzania, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Nigeria, U.K., Germany, AU,     

Analysis of the EU's Security-Development Nexus Aid Policy in Africa and Agenda 2063

The EU has provided a large amount of development assistance to Africa for many decades, but it has not been very effective.Particularly afterthe end of the cold war, many internal conflicts broke out in African countries, which had serious impacts on socio-economic development.This prompted the EU to connect development and security issues, and propose that development assistance to Africa should not merely focus on economic growth, but it should also help with post-conflict reconstruction and conflict prevention.It is only by incorporating security issues into development policy that assistance could be made effective and human rights could be protected.These ideas were made a central part of EU aid to Africa.This article attempts to describe the security-development nexus as it relates to the EU' s aid policy to Africa in the 21 st century;analyse the reasons behind this policy change and point out the shortcomings.From this, the paper also looks at how Africa and the EU are working together under the Agenda 2063 framework.     

The Friedrich Ebert Stiftung and the Development of Democracy in Africa

The Friedrich Ebert Stiftung （FES） started to work in over 20 countries in Africa since their independence. To promote democracy has always been the focus of our work in Africa. We believe that democracy is the important and necessary precondition for the sustainable development of mankind. And we are fully aware that there is still no blue print for democracy in Africa.     

Analysis of the Current Situation in North Africa ＆ the Middle East

After the upsurge of domestic turmoil in Tunis last December,unrest spread rapidly through North Africa and the Middle East,having a profound effect on current international relations.It will continue to affect relations between the major powers and the international system as a whole for some time to come.The regional turmoil of North Africa and the Middle East is of particular interest to International Political Economy(IPE)studies.It seems to embody a geostrategic conflict between the US and the EU in contending for leadership in North Africa and the Middle East.It is also an expression of the competition for dominance of the global financial structure between the major powers during a period of transition in the international system.Lastly,it is a manifestation of America’s struggle to maintain its global economic hegemony.     

非洲安全新挑战及其对中非合作的影响（英文）

The changes in African security environment not only affect the development of African countries,but also have major implications for China-Africa relations.Given its increasing interests on the continent,China should actively participate in African security governance,safeguard its legitimate rights and interests in Africa,and promote Africa’s peace and stability.     

Conflicting and Complementary Elements in China and U.S.'s Policy towards Africa

Since the launching of the China-Africa Forum in 2000, the Chinese government has comprehensively strengthened its ties with Africa.China＇s trade, investment, and aid in Africa have been expanding. Africa has been placed at the forefront of national strategy. Also in 2000, President Bill Clinton signed the African Growth and Opportunity Act （AGOA）, increasing America＇s attention towards Africa. Since then, both China and the U.S. have been increasing their trade, investment, and aid in Africa. In 2011, the trade volume between China and Africa reached US$166.3 billion while that between the U.S. and Africa was US$113.2 billion. Unfortunately, China and the U.S. have not sought a cooperative pattern of action in Africa based on complementarity, mutual respect and mutual benefit. Instead, they have accused each other of bad conduct.     

Beijing Summit Promotes Sino-African Relations

Since the establishment of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in 2000, China-Africa relations have entered a new period of cooperation. 2006 not only consolidated friendship between China and Africa, but also laid a sound foundation for more prosperous Sino-African relations.     

Beijing Summit Promotes Sino-African Relations

Since the establishment of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in 2000, China-Africa relations have entered a new period of cooperation. 2006 not only consolidated friendship between China and Africa, but also laid a sound foundation for more prosperous Sino-African relations.     

Challenges and Opportunities in Development Cooperation Between China and Traditional Donors in Africa

Cooperation between China and traditional donors in Africa is a part of new triangular mode of development bringing together three parties:traditional donors,emerging donors,and the beneficiary countries.Traditional donors and emerging donors act together in favor of and in cooperation with beneficiary countries.Triangular development cooperation is an extension of classical North-South and South-South cooperation.As yet,it does not feature prominently in the global development cooperation architecture.China’s emergence as a significant contributor of development aid to Africa,however,has now become a hot topic in China,Africa and the West,and questions are being raised about the way in which China and the traditional donors will engage with each other in Africa.This article argues that while China and the traditional donors face a number of challenges,there is potential for the two parties to implement further cooperation in Africa.     

Congratulations on the 50~(th) Anniversary of the Beginning of Diplomatic Relations between China and African Countries

This year marks the 50th anniversary of the beginning of diplomatic relations between China and African countries. Over the past half a century, with the joint efforts by the leaders and peoples of China and Africa, the friendship between China and Africa has been increasingly consolidated and the relations between the two sides have grown to a new high. In November this year, the Beijing Summit and the Third Ministerial Meeting of the China-Africa Cooperation Forum will be held in Beijing to discuss the further strengthening of the relations and cooperation between China and Africa. To commemorate these historic events, the current issue of this Journal is bringing out four articles with regard to Sino-African relations and the situation in Africa to share with our readers.     

SCO in Smooth Development

The sixth summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) was held on June 15 in Shanghai. It was not only a formal and decisive meeting of heads of SCO member states, but also a meeting of celebrating the fifth anniversary of the founding of SCO. I…     

Europe-Africa Relations in Transition： From Dependence to Equals？

For a long time, relations between the European Union and Africa are not on an equal footing. As early as half a century ago, the European Community, predecessor of the EU, drove the former colonies of some member states into a framework of “special relationship” with the Community and established a system to keep them dependent on their former European suzerains through unequal trade and aid. Most of those countries that were driven into the system were African states. Such a system demonstrated the one-way control by the developed European countries over the developing African countries. With the continuous improvement of Africa＇s strategic position, ever since 2005, the EU, for its own economic and security interests, has issued with great fanfare policy documents on Africa, adjusting its policy toward the continent and proposing to make the “equal political partnership” between the EU and Africa as the primary objective of its Africa policy. However, due to historical and realistic reasons, it is not easy to achieve genuine equality between the EU and Africa; to make it a reality, colossal efforts have to be made.     

New Developments in Economic and Trade Cooperation and Cultural Exchanges between China and Africa

正The year 2013 saw continued and steady growth of ties between China and Africa.Developing relations with Africa and strengthening SouthSouth cooperation remained high on the agenda of the new Chinese Government.Several Chinese state leaders visited Africa too.Shortly after the NPC and CPPCC sessions,President Xi Jinping     

AFRICA TOWARD THE 21ST CENTURY

Worldwide attention is now focused on the prospect of Africa in the forthcom-ing twenty-first century as the present one is drawing to a close. In the latter half of this century, countries and the people in Africa eventuallywon their national freedom and independence after centuries-long bitter struggles a-gainst the colonial rule of the imperialists. The emergence of a New Africa in the