澳大利亚的家庭监狱

在西方国家,将犯人关进监狱是一件很费钱的事。通常关押一名犯人一年的综合花费约3万美元,瑞典、挪威等北欧国家的平均花费更达到5万美元。这比培养一名大学生花费还要多。巨大的花费本想以人道的待遇“教育改造”犯罪人,使其成功复归社会,但是,高累犯率、再犯率,现实地宣告了“教育改造”理想的破灭。目前,犯罪率居高不下使许多西方国家的监狱人满为患,狱内环境和条件越来越恶劣,而建造新监狱的高额花费使得政府财政不胜负担。同时,监狱在教育改造犯罪人方面的弊端日益明显。监狱作为集中关押犯人的专门场所,也是一个交流和传播犯罪方法、…     

美国少年犯监狱参观记

11岁的小男孩戴着沉重的手铐,面无表情目十分沮丧地站在牢房的铁栅栏后面,这种情景在美国很普遍,因为美国法律在处置青少年犯罪和成年人犯罪之间并没有什么大的区别。我们上海社会学界的几位同事在德国《明星周刊》记者的帮助下,     

Parenting Programs in Women's Prisons

Abstract

This paper presents the results of a national survey of parenting programs in women's prisons. Parenting programs may be defined as those programs that specifically address the woman's role as mother and attempt to facilitate her performance of that role, and/or aid in the development of parental skills. These programs range from parenting classes of a few hours to nurseries where imprisoned women and their infants can live together during the term of imprisonment. The need for such programs is also discussed.     

Women Corrections Officers in Men's Prisons

ABSTRACT

Women have worked as corrections officers (COs) in some adult male prisons in most states for the past two decades. However, the degree of acceptance of women COs and the perception of women officers' job performance by men officers have varied greatly. This study was based on the results of a survey of men and women officers working in men's prisons in a midwestern state. Comparisons of the officers' responses about women's acceptance, safety, and perceived job performance revealed some significant gender differences. The results indicated that while women faced some resistance among men officers, it was not to the extent suggested by previous research studies, and the resistance came primarily from more experienced men officers. Women officers were confident of their ability to work effectively in men's prisons. The resistance to women that persists among some men officers is likely to provide an obstacle for women seeking opportunities for advancement and promotion in adult male prisons.     

The Economics of Prisons

This survey scans the English language research on prisons published since the appearance of Becker's (1968) seminal piece. After first describing the economic nature of prison and parole, issues concerning comparative institutional analysis and organizational design are discussed, including the role of private prisons. Empirical evidence on production functions for prisons, recidivism and offender rehabilitation programs is reviewed. A brief overview of policy issues and suggestions for future research concludes the survey.     

ISO9001：2000国际标准在监狱管理工作中的应用与实践

随着我国法律制度的日趋完善，监狱作为我国刑罚执行的主体，如何有效地贯彻“以改造人为宗旨”的工作方针，努力推进监狱管理工作的法制化、科学化、社会化建设的基本思想，适应当今监狱管理工作的形势？如何通过监狱干警的公正执法，把服刑人员改造成为自食其力的公民，提高监狱的教育改造质量？如何应用科学的管理方法，推进监狱管理工作的标准化？     

瑞士监狱概览

今年5月，中国监狱学会代表团在瑞士访问期间先后参观了四所不同类型的监狱，这些监狱有全开放式的、半开放式的、全封闭式的和一个少年犯管教所，基本涵盖了瑞士各种类型的监狱。瑞士是一个联邦制国家，人口726万，下辖26个州，各州的权利都很大，监狱也是由各州自己管理。瑞士最大的监狱能够关押的犯人数量为400人，最小的监狱仅能关押几十名犯人，因此瑞士监狱在规模和数量上都无法与我国监狱相比。但是瑞士监狱在管理方式和治监理念上，还是有许多对我们可以引以为鉴和可供参考之处。     

刑事司法发展与监狱改革

中国司法部设监狱管理局,管理和指导全国监狱工作。按我国法律规定,中国监狱依法收押改造经人民法院判处有期徒刑、无期徒刑、死刑缓期二年执行的罪犯。目前,全国共有监狱674所,全国现有在职监狱人民警察28万人,离退休警察约10万余人,在押罪犯为156万余人,监禁率为10万分之120。2004年底,中国政府积极推进司法体制和工作机制改革,提出了改革和完善诉讼制度,切实解决方便人民群众诉讼,加大人民法院判决执行力度问题;改革和完善诉讼收费制度,加大法律援助和司法救助力度问题;改革和完善监督体制,确保司法公正等10个方面35项改革任务,成为新中…     

Prisons and Crime, Backwards in High Heels

Objectives

Prisons reduce crime rates, but crime increases prison populations. OLS estimates of the effects of prisons on crime combine the two effects and are biased toward zero. The standard solution—to identify the crime equation by finding instruments for prison—is suspect, because most variables that predict prison populations can be expected to affect crime, as well. An alternative is to identify the prison equation by finding instruments for crime, allowing an unbiased estimate of the effect of crime on prisons. Because the two coefficients in a simultaneous system are related through simple algebra, we can then work backward to obtain an unbiased estimate of the effect of prisons on crime.

Methods

Potential instruments for crime are tested and used to identify the prison equation for the 50 U.S. states for the period 1978–2009. The effect of prisons on crime consistent with this relationship is obtained through algebra; standard errors are obtained through Monte Carlo simulation.

Results

Resulting estimates of the effect of prisons on crime are around ?0.25 ± 0.15. This is larger than biased OLS estimates, but similar in size to previous estimates based on standard instruments.

Conclusions

When estimating the effect of a public policy response on a public problem, it may be more productive to find instruments for the problem and work backward than to find instruments for the response and work forward.     

近观澳大利亚监狱

笔者作为湖北省法律界代表团的一员,飞抵遥远的大洋洲,对澳大利亚、新西兰两国的法律制度进行考察,监狱是考察的主要内容之一.在维多利亚州的首府墨尔本,州司法部安排我们考察皇家墨尔本监狱.     

实施文化兴监战略 提高监狱文化软实力

党的十七大从全局和战略的高度，强调要推动社会主义文化大发展大繁荣，兴起社会主义文化建设新高潮。国务院《关于进一步促进新疆经济社会发展的若干意见》也明确提出，今后将进一步繁荣边疆文化事业，巩固边疆文化阵地，支持“文化兴边”战略的实施。监狱文化是社会主义先进文化建设的重要组成部分，是建设法治监狱、文明监狱，打造具有文化特质和人文特色监狱形象的重要内容。新疆监狱要以党的十七大关于社会主义文化建设的全面部署为指导，     

Prisoners,Prisons and Punishment in Small Societies

This paper aims to analyse the subject of prisoners, prisons and punishment in small societies. An attempt is made to compare the prison system in a small society (Iceland) with those of other larger societies, in particular those of other Nordic countries. Small institutions function better in many respects than larger ones. The problems that emerge, and there are problems in all prisons, are more visible and can therefore more easily be discussed and solved.     

关于监狱落实“首要标准”的思考

2008年6月,在全国政法系统学习贯彻党的十七大精神和胡锦涛总书记重要讲话专题研讨班上,周永康同志明确提出：“监管场所要把改造人放在第一位……要把刑释解教人员重新违法犯罪率作为衡量监管工作的首要标准,确保教育改造工作取得实效”。“提出‘首要标准’,无疑是监狱工作发展的必然趋势,既体现了监狱工作服务和谐社会建设的客观需要,也反映了新时期监狱工作顺应时代潮流向前推进的内在要求。     

论我国监狱的刑罚执行目的

一、刑罚执行目的的概念 监狱的刑罚执行是指监狱将人民法院已经发生法律效力的刑事判决和裁定付诸实施的活动.监狱的刑罚执行是刑事司法的一个重要环节,是刑罚执行的主体部分.监狱的刑罚执行目的(监狱行刑的目的)是指在监狱将人民法院已经发生法律效力的刑事判决和裁定付诸实施的活动中所期望达到的社会效果.     

The Strategic Use of Prisons in Partisan Gerrymandering

The census data used to redraw legislative districts counts the country's nearly 2 million prisoners in the location of their incarceration, rather than their previous place of residence. By drawing these phantom populations into districts that lean heavily toward the majority party, legislators can free up eligible voters from those districts to be distributed among neighboring marginal ones, thereby increasing that party's likelihood of winning additional seats in the state legislature. An analysis of state senate district finds that prison populations shift systematically from districts controlled by one party to districts controlled by the other following a switch in partisan control.