中国成年男性一手掌占全身体表面积比值的计算

目的基于人体不同体表面积计算方法,分析中国成年男性一手掌占全身体表面积比值。方法将44例中国成年男性左手掌的轮廓描记后用剪纸称重法计算面积,同时测量其身高和体质量,根据十二种常用体表面积公式计算出全身体表面积后分别得到一手掌占体表面积的百分比。结果所有研究对象的一手掌面积占全身体表面积比为(0.789±0.075)%,该面积比与目前鉴定实践中采用的一手掌占全身体表面积比(1%)差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论本研究计算出的中国成年男性一手掌占全身体表面积百分比较目前鉴定实践中采用的数值更为准确,采用不同的一手掌占全身体表面积百分比对鉴定意见可能造成影响。     

Comparative Analysis of Insect Succession Data from Victoria (Australia) Using Summary Statistics versus Preceding Mean Ambient Temperature Models

Minimum postmortem interval (mPMI) can be estimated with preceding mean ambient temperature models that predict carrion taxon pre‐appearance interval. But accuracy has not been compared with using summary statistics (mean ± SD of taxon arrival/departure day, range, 95% CI). This study collected succession data from ten experimental and five control (infrequently sampled) pig carcasses over two summers (n = 2 experimental, n = 1 control per placement date). Linear and exponential preceding mean ambient temperature models for appearance and departure times were constructed for 17 taxa/developmental stages. There was minimal difference in linear or exponential model success, although arrival models were more often significant: 65% of linear arrival (r² = 0.09–0.79) and exponential arrival models (r² = 0.05–81.0) were significant, and 35% of linear departure (r² = 0.0–0.71) and exponential departure models (r² = 0.0–0.72) were significant. Performance of models and summary statistics for estimating mPMI was compared in two forensic cases. Only summary statistics produced accurate mPMI estimates.     

试论农地政策与农村土地承包经营权流转保障法律制度的构建

运用法学、政策学和实证分析方法,通过对我国长期以来农地制度形成及其运行的实践的总结和理论分析,认为农地政策是农村土地承包经营权流转保障法律制度构建的重要前提和基础,农村土地承包经营权流转保障法律制度也是实现农地政策的重要方式和手段;现阶段,<中共中央关于推进农村改革发展若干重大问题的决定>对农村土地承包经营权流转保障法律制度的构建具有指导和规则形成作用;阐述现阶段农村土地承包经营权流转保障法律制度的内容.     

Variation in the Measurement of Cranial Volume and Surface Area Using 3D Laser Scanning Technology

Abstract: Three‐dimensional (3D) laser scanner models of human crania can be used for forensic facial reconstruction, and for obtaining craniometric data useful for estimating age, sex, and population affinity of unidentified human remains. However, the use of computer‐generated measurements in a casework setting requires the measurement precision to be known. Here, we assess the repeatability and precision of cranial volume and surface area measurements using 3D laser scanner models created by different operators using different protocols for collecting and processing data. We report intraobserver measurement errors of 0.2% and interobserver errors of 2% of the total area and volume values, suggesting that observer‐related errors do not pose major obstacles for sharing, combining, or comparing such measurements. Nevertheless, as no standardized procedure exists for area or volume measurements from 3D models, it is imperative to report the scanning and postscanning protocols employed when such measurements are conducted in a forensic setting.     

我国农村土地使用权制度探微

随着我国经济体制改革的深化,在农村建立起一套与市场经济体制相适应的土地使用制度,其核心内容之一就是要建立起农村集体土地使用权有偿使用制度和集体土地使用权可依法流转（转让）制度。现行家庭承包经济制是农村集体土地使用权有偿使用制度的一种主要方式,需要进一步完善。     

Use of Postmortem Temperature Decay Response Surface Plots of Heat Transport in the Human Eye to Predict Time of Death

A finite element heat transfer model of the human eye was previously constructed and applied to experimental postmortem temperature decay curves collected in eyeballs of ten human bodies. The model was applied in the early postmortem period of 0–24 h under conditions of natural convection–radiation. Based upon this previous model, response surfaces for postmortem temperature decay were constructed based upon variable ranges of the natural convective–radiation heat transfer coefficient from 7–13 W/m² K, ambient temperatures of 10–33°C, and times of 0–24 h. Mathematical equations to describe these response surfaces have been developed. This response surface method is demonstrated for use by coroners/medical personnel to estimate time of death from recorded field temperature data collected over a 30‐min period. Sensitivity of the model to small changes in the key variable of ambient temperature is explored. The response surface model is applied to two cases of previously collected experimental eyeball temperature data. This response surface model method is only valid for constant surrounding temperatures, conditions of natural convection, no radiation effects, and postmortem times of 0–24 h.     

基于内存中的网络传输数据结构获取电子数据

电子数据取证实践中,获取嫌疑人进行网络信息传输涉及的IP地址、端口号、MAC地址以及对应进程信息,有助于全面深入揭示嫌疑人网络犯罪行为。基于IPv4首部、sockaddr_in、_TCPT_OBJECT、Ethernet V2标准MAC帧等四种数据结构于内存中的具体格式,归纳总结用于定位相关结构的特征关键字,同时通过实例说明提取网络传输电子证据的方法,并对过程中涉及的具体技术与注意事项予以阐述。电子数据取证实践证明,所述方法准确高效。     

Blow Flies from Forest Fragments Embedded in Different Land Uses: Implications for Selecting Indicators in Forensic Entomology

Given the general expectation that forest loss can alter biodiversity patterns, we hypothesize that blow fly species abundances differ in a gradient of native vegetation cover. This study was conducted in 17 fragments across different landscapes in central Brazil. Different land cover type proportions were used to represent landscape structure. In total, 2334 specimens of nine species of Calliphoridae were collected. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce dimensionality and multicollinearity of the landscape data. The first component explained 70%, and it represented a gradient of forest‐pasture land uses. Alien species showed a wide distribution in different fragments with no clear relationship between the abundance values and the scores of PCA axes, whereas native species occurred only in areas with a predominance of forest cover. Our study revealed that certain native species may be sensitive to forest loss at the landscape scale, and they represent a bioindicator in forensic entomology.     

Modeling Determinants of Individual Punitiveness in a Late Modern Perspective: Data from Japan

Asian Journal of Criminology - There is a growing trend to both theoretically and empirically explain public punitiveness from a general social theory of late modernity. Yet, research which has...     

专业领域中行政解释的司法审查——以工伤行政为例

专业领域中往往会存在大量的行政解释,工伤行政便是典型领域之一。以此为例,我们发现,行政解释的展开形式是多种多样的。由于解释主体和内容的不同,法院对待行政解释的态度也并不相同。法院是否尊重行政解释,以及司法审查所考量的具体因素及其限度等是专业领域中行政解释的司法审查所面临的主要问题。在深层次上这些问题则与行政权与司法权的关系相关联。