论担保物权的实行期间

担保物权虽无适用于自身的诉讼时效,但在主债权诉讼时效完成时,无论由第三人或者债务人本人提供的担保物权,也不论是不移转占有或者移转占有的担保物权,都将因主债权时效完成而消灭。为了保护物上保证人以及担保物上的后顺序担保物权人与一般债权人,担保人可以和债权人约定担保物权期间,在主债权诉讼时效完成前,担保物权可因期间届满而消灭。     

数据安全刑法保护扩张的合理边界

《数据安全法(草案)》的发布是数据安全作为独立法益的立法宣示,基于数据安全对个体利益、公共安全和国家安全的重要价值,刑法有必要将其纳入保护范围。现行刑法对数据安全的保护是通过制裁信息犯罪间接实现的,由于刑法视阈下的信息和数据存在着本质性差异,未来刑法必然要建立新的数据犯罪罪名体系,实现数据安全领域刑法保护的大规模扩张。为了避免刑法扩张演化成违背谦抑性的公权力滥用,必须进行"合边界性审视",确保其不会突破刑法自身的边界。由于数据安全法益自身无法通过"法益原则"实现刑法边界划定功能,有必要引入"广义危害性原则",在数据安全领域的刑法保护扩张之前,划定扩张的合理边界。     

Enhancing security incident response follow-up efforts with lightweight agile retrospectives

Security incidents detected by organizations are escalating in both scale and complexity. As a result, security incident response has become a critical mechanism for organizations in an effort to minimize the damage from security incidents. The final phase within many security incident response approaches is the feedback/follow-up phase. It is within this phase that an organization is expected to use information collected during an investigation in order to learn from an incident, improve its security incident response process and positively impact the wider security environment. However, recent research and security incident reports argue that organizations find it difficult to learn from incidents.A contributing factor to this learning deficiency is that industry focused security incident response approaches, typically, provide very little practical information about tools or techniques that can be used to extract lessons learned from an investigation. As a result, organizations focus on improving technical security controls and not examining or reassessing the effectiveness or efficiency of internal policies and procedures. An additional hindrance, to encouraging improvement assessments, is the absence of tools and/or techniques that organizations can implement to evaluate the impact of implemented enhancements in the wider organization. Hence, this research investigates the integration of lightweight agile retrospectives and meta-retrospectives, in a security incident response process, to enhance feedback and/or follow-up efforts. The research contribution of this paper is twofold. First, it presents an approach based on lightweight retrospectives as a means of enhancing security incident response follow-up efforts. Second, it presents an empirical evaluation of this lightweight approach in a Fortune 500 Financial organization's security incident response team.     

Researching Private Security Consumption

This paper has two objectives: to provide an exploratory analysis of the rationalities and constraints that shape consumption of private security within organizations and to discuss some of the issues and questions that need to be addressed in future empirical studies of private security use by organizations. It is based largely on seven semi-directed interviews conducted with security managers, six of whom work in the private sector. While these security managers distanced themselves from responsibility for actual security consumption, arguing that they lack the capacity to make such decisions, they exercise considerable influence over the demand for private security within their organizations. Although all participants noted the relative ease with which they can convince their superiors to invest in security, they also indicated that security must have a demonstrated value-added component for the organization (often in money terms). Furthermore, executives expect security to be minimally intrusive and/or disruptive. This paper reports preliminary results of research on an under-investigated topic; it also builds on the methodological decisions and findings in this research to provide useful information to scholars interested in researching private security consumption in organizations.     

Crimes and Security

This essay considers the role that the value of security might play in criminalisation. While endorsing security as a legitimate rationale for the creation of a criminal offence, it examines some existing offences that are created or structured in a particular way for security reasons. This is done through a two‐stage analysis. Stage one considers the consequences of adopting an offence or offence definition if it was interpreted ideally and complied with perfectly. Stage two considers how we can expect the offences to operate in the real world given imperfect compliance and non‐ideal interpretation.     

中国对外贸易国家安全制度重构

《对外贸易法》在我国对外贸易中具有防范国家安全威胁和维护国家安全的重要作用。然而,反观美国《1962年贸易拓展法》以及《关税及贸易总协定》《服务贸易总协定》和近期生效实施的部分区域自由贸易协定有关国家安全制度的立法模式,我国《对外贸易法》相关条款的“两分法”模式存在明显不足。根据“总体国家安全观”,我国有必要制定具有“时代性”特点的对外贸易国家安全制度。     

担保物权司法解释的缺陷

担保法司法解释是担保审判实践的重要司法文件 ,其基本精神是值得肯定的 ,但该解释对担保物权的规定存在着许多缺陷。分析这些缺陷 ,有助于担保法及其司法解释的正确适用。     

Governing illicit finance in transnational security spaces: the FATF and anti-money laundering

This article analyzes the global anti-money laundering (AML) regime from the perspective of security governance, examining the creation of a transnational security space by the FATF. Security is often mentioned as relevant context for AML measures, and the Financial Action Taskforce (FATF) as its central institution. Yet, most analyses – implicitly or explicitly – present the FATF as an important banking regulator. Arguing that this perspective on the FATF is too limited, the article outlines the changing security context in which AML emerged as an important tool for governance. Unlike traditional ideas of international security, the idea of security governance emphasizes new forms of cooperation to ensure safety and security across multiple levels. Based on International Relations (IR) and criminological research, the article develops a framework with five dimensions of security governance: a comprehensive security concept, multi-purpose rationalization, public-private cooperation, multi-nodal governance, and transnational security spaces as a result. Unlike other efforts of global crime governance, the global AML regime provides a prime example of security governance in all of these dimensions. At the same time, the link to security also explains why the global AML regime expanded in some areas more than in others: AML is still a weak governance instrument for regulating financial crimes such as tax evasion or corruption, but it is a strong one for security-related crimes. While the FATF remains a special case in global governance, the creation of transnational security spaces in AML – caused by FATF activities – is likely to be a model for future security governance in other fields.     

执行担保的性质及其法律适用问题研究

执行担保具有一定的特殊性,如担保债务是已具备执行力的民事裁判文书中所确定的债务,但在性质上仍然属于民事担保。以财产提供执行担保,自应践行一定的公示手续,如设定质权,则应交付动产或权利证书;如设定抵押权或部分权利质权,则应登记,否则执行担保无法达成其目的。执行担保的实现应当符合《物权法》和《担保法》关于担保权实现的规定。     

浮动抵押逸出担保物权体系的理论证成

具有担保功能的权利,并非都是担保物权。如果一项权利既不符合担保物权的特征,亦有违物权法的基本原则,就不属于担保物权。对比浮动抵押与担保物权的特征可以发现,浮动抵押有担保功能但并非担保物权。在民法典编纂背景下,宜将浮动抵押从担保物权体系剔除。考察比较法资料,结合“charge”的词源语义,遵循语言翻译的忠实严谨原则,宜将“floating charge”译为“浮动担保”而非“浮动抵押”。至于浮动担保何去何从,相对合理的方案是将其嵌入合同法域,规定于我国民法典合同编之“合同的担保”章节,以此彰显民法典的体系性与逻辑性。     

香港特区基本法第23条的法理分析

香港基本法第23条未使用“授权”的语词,但属于授权条款,特别授权香港特区自行制定维护国家安全的法律,香港特区第23条立法属于特别授权立法,中央监督特区立法的过程及其实施,香港特区第23条立法应以维护国家安全为核心原则,明晰特区居民的权利界限,香港特区行政长官对第23条立法负责,应主导第23条立法。     

罪刑法定司法化研究

在罪刑法定的语境中,司法权具有限制性,从而与具有绝对性司法权的罪刑擅断明确地划清了界限。在罪刑法定原则下,司法主体只有具有了这种自主性,才能严格根据法律规定对行为是否构成犯罪作出正确的判断。法官独立,法官只服从法律而不屈从于权力,是罪刑法定司法化的重要保证。在罪刑法定司法化当中,刑事司法体制的建构当然是至关重要的;但与此同时,司法理念的引领同样是必不可少的。在某种意义上可以说,司法理念是罪刑法定司法化的思想保障,只有在法治的司法理念指导下,罪刑法定司法化才有可能实现。同样,只有发展出一套娴熟的司法解释技术,才能为罪刑法定司法化提供手段保障。     

论商业秘密的预防性保护

预防性保护是商业秘密的基础性保护措施,既关系到商业秘密的存续,又影响到商业秘密的整体保护效果,是商业秘密保护体系的重要一环。加入WTO后的中国,应当高度重视商业秘密的预防性保护,增强保密观念,完善保密制度,加强保密管理,提高保密技术水准。     

优先权制度在我国的现实与理想

立足于对象特殊性和法定优先受偿性两个核心内容,优先权成为由法律直接规定的特种债权的债权人就债务人的一般或特定财产优先受偿的权利。由于一般优先权欠缺担保物权的特定性,而特别优先权却较为完全地具备了担保物权的法律属性,从本质上讲,一般优先权归属于债权而特别优先权归属于担保物权。优先权制度以追求实质正义为最高价值目标并以追求秩序和谐为基本价值目标。作为一项不依时间评价而依原因评价的权利,优先权相互间以及优先权与担保物权之间的顺位问题依赖于立法者通过价值判断所作出的立法选择。我国在引入优先权制度时,应当采取普通立法与特别立法相结合的立法方案设立一般优先权并保留部分特别法上的优先权,同时将普通法上的特别优先权吸收到现有的担保物权体系中。     

预防侦查错误视角下公安刑事鉴定制度的反思与完善

刑事鉴定对于公安机关侦查破案发挥着日趋重要的作用,公安机关在侦查线索的寻找、侦查方向的确定乃至侦查终结的定案证据等方面都极为依赖刑事鉴定.然而,因公安刑事鉴定制度本身存在某些缺陷而容易产生诸多鉴定问题,进而导致侦查错误的发生,以致酿成了一系列刑事冤案.完善现行的公安刑事鉴定制度首先亟需解决公安机关内设鉴定机构的组织管理制度问题,即应确保内设鉴定机构的相对独立,同时应明确对刑事鉴定技术的采用标准.诚然,完善公安刑事鉴定制度并不能完全杜绝侦查错误的发生,但是可以减少侦查错误发生的概率.     

论作为社会保障法基础的社会连带

社会连带是社会保障法的基础,它不仅作为一种观念已渗透进社会保障法的合作互助理念和社会权理念;而且,它也作为一种原则体现于法律文件的明确规定和具体制度构建中。不同的社会保障法律制度类型依托不同的社会连带结构,蕴涵不同的社会连带精神。随着社会的演进,社会连带的性质、结构已经或正在发生转型,这也会相应地促进社会保障法的变迁。     

E-Government users’ privacy and security concerns and availability of laws in Dubai

The purpose of the study was to review privacy and security concerns and their impact on e-government adoption in Dubai. The research analyzed the literature on e-government, security and privacy concerns of e-government adoption and the legislative provision relating to privacy and security protection. A survey on e-government user concerns on privacy, security and ease of use was also carried out. The data for the survey in this research were collected from 190 respondents in Dubai. The results of the analysis revealed that perceived security, privacy and perceived ease of use were important constructs in e-government adoption. The analysis of legal framework showed that the Federal Constitution, the Penal Code, the new Data Protection Act and the Computer Crime Act could be used to address various privacy and security concerns. Thus, it is important that the policy makers facilitate an appropriate awareness campaign of the existence of both information privacy and security to attract more participation towards the e-government services.     

论危害社会治安犯罪的惩治与预防

惩治危害社会治安的犯罪 ,是维护社会稳定、保障改革开放深入进行的必要之举 ,也是依法治国的重要内容。当前严重危害社会治安犯罪的主要特征是 :突发性、暴力性、有组织性和内外勾结型。为了有效打击严重危害社会治安的犯罪 ,促进社会治安的根本好转 ,在总结以往经验和不足的基础上 ,确立科学的惩治与预防严重危害社会治安犯罪的对策是非常必要的。这些对策应包括 :坚持依法、公正和效率原则 ,注重保护犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的合法权利 ;明确打击重点 ,针对不同性质的犯罪采取不同的措施 ;打击与反腐败相结合 ;化解民事矛盾 ,消除诱发因素 ;打击与预防相结合 ,完善综合治理体系     

论中国社会保障制度理念的演变与创新

新中国建立60年来,中国社会保障制度理念经历了几次较大的演变.改革以前,人们更多地将社会保障与社会主义制度紧密联系在一起;改革以来,社会保障成了发展市场经济的配套措施.这种各持一端的理念是导致我国社会保障制度建设陷入彷徨的重要理论根源.要构建社会主义和谐社会,形成中国特色社会主义社会保障体系,必须要进行社会保障制度理念的创新,牢固树立秩序、公平、发展与和谐的科学理念.社会保障制度不仅是适应市场经济的配套措施,它首先是建构社会秩序的基础性制度支柱,是实现社会公平的重要社会机制.发展社会保障事业不是社会发展的障碍,而是社会主义现代化事业进一步发展的强大动力.社会保障制度正在从边缘性社会制度走向改革舞台的中心,成为构建社会主义和谐社会的主体性社会制度.     

继承制度与社会保障制度的协调--兼论法定继承制度的重新构建

我国大陆地区继承法在设计法定继承制度时 ,受当时社会生产力不发达、财富较少等特殊国情所导致的社会保障制度不完善的影响 ,于是在确定法定继承人的范围和顺序时 ,注重了对弱者的社会保障 ,使之具有了社会保障的功能。然而 ,随着大陆地区社会保障制度的逐步健全 ,笔者认为 ,将来继承法中的法定继承制度重新设计时应放弃以往所担负的社会保障功能 ,恢复其原貌。